上承式钢筋混凝土箱型拱桥上部结构施工关键技术

文章以广西某大桥为例,探讨上承式钢筋混凝土箱型拱桥的上部结构施工关键技术,介绍了拱箱的预制施工方法及安装工艺,并与悬臂现浇拱箱施工进行比较,分析了预制安装施工拱箱的经济性。     

公路装配式梁桥一体化快速建造经济性能与定额分析

针对新兴的中小跨径公路桥梁全预制一体化架设施工工艺,依托宁波舟山港主通道项目东海农场大桥,定量对比分析了现浇施工、预制安装施工和预制一体化安装施工等施工方案的环境、社会成本及总成本.分析表明,预制一体化安装的总成本、直接成本及环境成本居中,现浇施工方案总成本最低,反映出预制一体化架设工艺的经济适用性.基于依托工程及类似工程,提出的T梁桥预制一体化安装的专项定额,可以作为类似新建工程方案比选和已建工程评价的依据.     

轻型全预制管廊制造及施工关键技术研究

文章以湘潭市新马路综合管廊工程为例,介绍了全预制装配式管廊在施工及经济等方面的优势,介绍了全预制装配式管廊的加工制作工艺,并从防水及预应力张拉两个角度介绍了全预制装配式管廊的现场安装施工技术,为预制安装综合管廊的设计施工提供借鉴。     

公路预制拼装桥墩试验模型施工及加载方法研究

为改善公路预制拼装桥墩试件施工中存在的问题,结合公路预制桥墩大比例缩尺试验模型,分析了预制拼装桥墩的特点,探讨了试验中试件施工要点和问题的解决方法,阐述了施工准备、各节段的安装、钢筋布置、预应力筋张拉等过程,给出了试验模型的加载方案,为学者对公路预制拼装桥墩进一步的试验研究提供参考。     

预制箱梁钢筋安装系统技术应用

文章依托平石江大桥、茅墩大桥预制梁钢筋安装工程,针对箱梁预制施工过程中存在的问题,提出预制箱梁钢筋安装系统技术,介绍了该技术的特点及系统组成,并评述了该技术应用的优势。     

曲线桥T梁的预制与安装

主要介绍了杭州绕城高速公路南线狮子口互通主线桥—曲线桥的T梁预制、安装施工组织方法要点。     

大口径管道站场工艺安装预制化的应用

针对西气东输靖边压气站的扩建施工,介绍了施工图的分解,管道的预制与安装,以及在顸制中出现的问题及解决方法.通过采用预制化工艺,确保了扩建工程的质量和施工进度.     

大块预制桥面板安装关键技术

文章以红水河大桥预制桥面板安装工程为例,介绍了预制桥面板的安装方法,并针对其安装方案的选择,分析了该桥预制桥面板安装的关键技术,为今后类似桥梁预制桥面板安装提供参考。     

预制箱梁钢筋骨架及预应力管道的定位架研制与应用

钢筋骨架及预应力管道准确定位是预制箱梁施工过程中的关键控制环节之一,影响预制箱梁服役过程的受力状态。文章根据箱梁的配筋及预应力管道坐标定位特点和要求,研制了预制箱梁底腹板钢筋及预应力管道的定位架,提高了预制箱梁钢筋间距及波纹管坐标安装的精度,实现了箱梁底腹板钢筋绑扎成型的流水线施工,在保障施工质量、提高施工效率和节约施工成本方面均取得了良好的效果。     

沉管隧道管段预制施工技术

文章结合广州生物岛—大学城沉管隧道工程实例,介绍沉管隧道其分项工程管段预制的施工技术,以及施工过程中对预制质量的控制。管段预制是沉管隧道施工的主要环节,对其施工技术、预制质量的要求较高。管段预制结构的尺寸、预埋件安装精度、混凝土容重及干舷值控制直接关系到管节浮运、沉放。管段预制混凝土应满足不渗、不裂、不漏的设计要求,并保证其耐久性及使用寿命的设计要求。因此,在管段预制施工过程中施工技术对质量的控制及保证尤为重要。     

天然气站往复式压缩机活塞失效分析

针对天然气站往复式压缩机活塞的断裂事故,运用失效分析方法,开展了活塞断口扫描电镜分析、能谱和金相分析。根据断口形貌的电镜和金相观察结果,结合理论知识,分析确定了该活塞发生断裂事故的主要原因,即在特定工况下该活塞的材料缺陷是造成断裂的主要因素。     

Induced traffic: what do transportation models tell us?

Mathematical models of transportation systems have played a prominent role in transportation planning throughout the world since the 1960s. These models are hypotheses of how people use transport systems. They provide a means of extrapolating the necessarily limited empirical evidence of how road users respond to changes in the road system. However, it needs to be recognised that these extrapolations rely for their validity on the realism of the underlying theories; transportation models can only tell us about the relationships actually built into them.This paper reviews the limited number of studies undertaken mainly in the UK in which calibrated transportation models have been used in a systematic way to give some insight into the relative importance of the various components of induced traffic. These studies include analyses of the effects of road schemes using: a theoretical single link model; conventional four-stage transportation models of Cardiff and Belfast; elasticity models in Cardiff, Belfast, West London and Norwich; land-use interaction models in Leeds, Bilbao, Dortmund; and a model of land-use effects in Norwich. The results tell us two things: (a) the scale of the various elements of induced traffic, and (b) the implications for the economic benefits of road schemes.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility

A mathematical model is developed in this paper to improve the accessibility of a bus service. To formulate the optimization model, a segment of a bus route is given, on which a number of demand entry points are distributed realistically. The objective total cost function (i.e. the sum of supplier and user costs) is minimized by optimizing the number and locations of stops, subject to non‐additive users' value of time. A numerical example is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method thus developed to optimize the bus stop location problem. The sensitivity of the total cost to various parameters (e.g. value of users' time, access speed, and demand density) and the effect of the parameters on the optimal stop locations are analyzed and discussed.     

Inland waterways—their role and significance in European transport

Summary

1) Western Europe has a navigable waterways‐network of about 19,000 kms. For the coming decades, however, about 40 percent of the length of these waterways has a very limited relevance, because of the small capacity of the barges that can pass along them.

2) Of the different types of barges the majority are the self‐propelled type. The importance of the pull‐towed barges is declining quickly, whereas the push‐towed barges are on the upswing.

3) The relative importance of inland shipping in comparison with rail transport is far from uniform. In The Netherlands inland shipping is dominant. On the other hand, in France, this mode of transport has only 30 percent of the total number of tons transported by inland shipping and railways together.

4) May the relative importance defer, there is a strong resemblance between the types of goods that are transported via the waterways with crude and manufactured minerals as well as building materials ranking high. In general, inland shipping is primarily involved in the transport of basic products and is of vital importance to the functioning of the West‐European economy.

5) The rather complicated legal regime of the waterways in Western Europe is certainly not the only reason why the integration in the transportation sector of the European Communities hardly moves on.

A fundamental discussion about the basic conceptions of the transport policy in the Common Market is unavoidable before real progress can be made. The entrance of the United Kingdom into the European Community may give an opening on this point.

6) Life goes on, with or without transport‐integration. Inland shipping moves forward too, paying for the use of infrastructure or not.

The general trends in transport support the expectation that the relative importance of inland shipping will increase in the coming decades. The increase in size of shipments and transport distances works in favour of this mode of transport. Besides this, inland shipping still has many possibilities to improve its productivity.

7) The future of inland shipping will be found in bulk transport and the transport of general cargo that has a volume per destination that goes far beyond the quantities for which the container or comparable types of transport units are better suited.     

Transport emissions and travel behaviour: A critical review of recent European Union and UK policy initiatives

There are clear signs of a shift in the UK transport policy in response to concerns about the environmental impacts of road transport and anxieties about the implications of the projected future growth in demand.Much of the framework of UK transport policy is now determined at the overall European Union level. To date most European legislation and policy proposals have been concerned with reducing the specific externalities associated with the transport sector, with none of the measures involved likely to have more than a marginal impact on the growth in demand. The emerging research evidence suggests however that the private costs of car use in Europe may fall substantially short of its total social costs and there is an important emerging policy debate about how this gap might be closed.The UK has introduced a policy package designed to reduce the growth of car travel and its environmental impact, within which land-use planning measures feature prominently. The land-use policies, which to some extent represent a reassertion of many traditional UK planning policies, include: an emphasis on focussing new development in urban areas, increasing residential densities, strengthening the role of existing centres and improving provision for walking and cycling.A number of factors will constrain the effectiveness of the package in practice. There are also concerns about its impact on key environmental objectives, including air quality. There are important questions too about the welfare effects of increasing densities and about the wider impacts of the package on economic efficiency.     

威乌高速公路8M预制板静载试验研究

对8m预制板进行静力荷载试验,测量预制板在试验荷载作用下控制截面的应力和挠度是否满足设计要求,通过对试验检测数据和试验现象进行综合分析,对试验板做出总体评价。     

分形理论在油气储运工程中的应用综述

介绍了分形理论的基本思想。综述了分形理论在油气储运工程中多个领域（如油气水多相流流型识别、管道腐蚀评定、管道粗糙表面的分形模拟、管道疲劳裂纹分形研究等方面）的应用和研究成果,并提出了需要深入研究和完善的5个方面。     

渗流对铁路隧道内空气温度的影响

由于列车散热使得铁路隧道内空气温度升高,隧道热环境的恶化对列车安全运行及隧道内设备的可靠性带来一定的影响,隧道内热环境的模拟研究对铁路发展具有重要意义。文章通过建立隧道内空气温度非稳态模拟计算模型进行分析,重点考虑了隧道围岩内渗流对空气温度的影响;采用有限体积法对方程进行离散,用Matlab工具编写隧道内空气温度模拟计算程序;分别在不同的渗流作用系数下,对单线铁路隧道内空气温度进行模拟计算。分析得出,渗流对隧道内空气温度具有较大的影响,在隧道内热环境模拟中,特别是对于中长期模拟计算中不能忽略渗流的影响作用。     

Productive efficiency and ownership of urban bus services

The established ownership mix of urban bus operations in Australia provides a unique opportunity to investigate the productivity differences between public and private bus service supply. Using duality theory in economics which links economic indices of factor productivity to the cost structure of a firm, we develop empirical measures of total and partial productivity of inputs, and adjust the differences for the effects of ownership status and operating environment. The evidence supports the notion that private supply of public passenger transport in general has performed more efficiently in the past than public supply, although the differences in productivity need not continue in the future.