海洋平台原油外输大缆绞车关键技术参数设计研究

在FPSO、CTV等与提油轮进行串靠输油作业的过程中,大缆绞车通过系泊大缆将FPSO、CTV等与穿梭油轮或者VLCC进行串靠系泊,使输油平台和提油轮之间的距离保持相对稳定,从而保证外输作业的安全。目前,国际上各大船级社的相关规范和标准没有对大缆绞车的设计进行系统的规定,本文分析研究了大缆绞车的设计技术指标,可为大缆绞车设计提供参考。     

FPSO与穿梭油轮的耦合水动力及运动响应研究

为探明通用型FPSO与穿梭油轮串靠外输模式下耦合水动力及运动响应特性,利用Aqwa软件,对通用型FPSO与穿梭油轮进行频域水动力分析,得到FPSO与穿梭油轮的水动力响应数据。选取墨西哥海域典型外输状态海况条件,开展FPSO与穿梭油轮系泊状态下耦合运动响应的数值预报,分析FPSO与穿梭油轮的间距、海况、装载工况等因素对运动响应及系泊系统载荷的影响。本文研究成果对通用型FPSO与穿梭油轮外输作业时选取合理的海况和间距具有指导意义,同时可用于指导系泊系统的设计。     

FPSO外输系统动力响应及风险分析

采用水动力分析软件AQWA对由软钢臂式单点系泊FPSO和油轮组成的串靠外输系统的动力响应和安全性进行研究。基于多体方法,建立串靠外输系统的有限元模型,计算4种拖轮拉力和24种作业海况下外输系统的连接大缆张力、两浮体相对艏向角及间距的时间历程,并分析波高、流速、风速、风浪流夹角、连接大缆长度等因素对系统动力响应的影响及动力响应特性。此外,还开展了串靠外输系统的风险分析,计算不同海况下连接大缆失效、船体碰撞和过分相对艏向运动的发生概率。研究结果对串靠外输系统的设计和外输作业具有一定的指导意义。     

连接缆形式对旁靠外输安全的影响分析

联合考虑FPSO与穿梭油船之间的水动力耦合效应,以及船体与软刚臂系泊系统、连接缆、旁靠靠球之间的相互作用,基于三维势流理论对软刚臂系泊FPSO旁靠外输作业进行多浮体水动力响应时域分析。针对耦合外输系统中的连接缆,分析缆绳刚度、绳长和布置形式的改变对缆绳安全系数的影响。通过不同环境组合下两种典型装载工况结果分析表明:加粗连接缆、交叉布缆、以及调整连接缆长度使得连接缆受力均衡可以有效地提高系统作业安全性。     

LNG并靠外输作业时水动力性能数值研究

利用水动力分析软件HydroSTAR和锚系泊软件Ariane7,对LNG浮式储存及再气化装置(LNG-FSRU)和穿梭LNG船(Shuttle-LNG)组成的多浮体系统在并靠外输作业时的水动力性能进行分析研究.重点对单船和并靠下的RAO曲线进行了对比;在一定环境组合下考虑水动力相互干扰的因素,对多浮体系统进行了时域分析,得到了此海况下的船体运动、相对运动、两船之间系泊缆张力以及护舷反力等的特性,可为装卸臂的设计和实际工程应用提供相关技术依据.     

FPSO与穿梭油轮的旁靠时域分析及系统优化

[目的]针对FPSO在中国南海海域的作业海况,对多点系泊系统和FPSO与穿梭油轮的旁靠耦合系统进行时域分析及优化研究。[方法]运用AQWA及势流理论进行时域分析,优化系泊缆分段及其比例、导缆孔位置,并使用Fluent数值求解方法,分析两船旁靠时吃水变化对风浪流载荷的影响。[结果]结果表明:顶段为200 m钢缆、底段为316 m船链最适合200 m水深的FPSO多点系泊结构;旁靠缆张紧或者旁靠缆增重可以降低穿梭油轮的运动幅度,将导缆孔位置向船舯移动后,护舷和系泊缆的受力更加均匀;当旁靠缆重量为135 kg/m时,护舷和旁靠缆受力极值和平均值达到最小。[结论]所得结果可加深系泊参数对系泊缆张力及船舶运动影响的理解,并对优化系泊方案设计具有一定的参考价值。     

实时预测FPSO与穿梭油船位置的方法

针对仅依赖系泊船长个人经验指挥外输作业易引起FPSO和穿梭油船发生碰撞或系泊大缆断裂的问题,基于全球定位系统实时测量船舶的高精度差分定位数据,采用最小二乘法原理构建数学模型,运用线性回归方法对船舶定位数据进行数值拟合分析,预测出60 s内FPSO和穿梭油船的航向和位置,从而为系泊船长及时发出正确指令提供参考依据,现场测试数据误差分析结果表明,采用该方法可实现较高的船舶航向和位置的预测精度,满足工程实际需求。     

FPSO和外输系统的模型试验截断技术研究

以"FPSO+外输油管+外输浮筒+穿梭油轮"的开发模式为研究对象,在西非1700m水深条件下,进行了FPSO及其外输系统的模型试验方法研究。基于静力相似和动力相似准则对外输油管进行了等效设计,提出了一种新型的外输油管模型试验等效设计方法;基于静力相似准则,对FPSO多点系泊系统在0°至180°的环境方向下进行了等效水深和等效水平刚度的截断设计,并对其进行静力优化;同时为避免FPSO和外输浮筒的系泊系统之间的干涉影响,对外输浮筒系泊系统进行了水平等效设计;在此基础上设计了模型试验方案。然后分别对截断前与截断后的"FPSO+外输油管+外输浮筒+穿梭油轮"全系统进行了时域耦合分析,对比发现截断前与截断后计算结果吻合良好,验证了该模型试验方案设计的可行性。     

小型多边形FPSO两点外输方案分析

针对多边形FPSO没有风标效应的问题,提出该类型FPSO货物传输的两点外输方案,通过动力定位(DP)油船、Hiload卸载方式及常规油船外输方式比较,确定采用常规油船方案,针对双外输点可提高作业窗口、首侧推可增加作业灵活性、首部接油可缩短软管长度和作业风险、尾部拖船可确保作业安全距离的分析论证,以及两点外输与传统外输对比、常规油船与动力定位(DP)油船对比,确定采用常规油船两点外输在外输设备配置和外输作业风险方面的综合优势,对外输环境条件、环境方向、拖船角度等不同组合下大缆张力,以及水池实验模拟分析的结果表明,大缆张力和偏移角可控,两点外输方案可行。     

海上油田浮式储油装置原油外输作业方式改进

考虑海上浮式储油装置外输量增加,需进行高频率外输作业改进设计的需求,采用HydrostarV8.10和Orcaflex10.3d进行单点系泊装置水动力、系泊力模拟计算,结果表明,增加单船次输量时单点系泊受力及提油轮大缆拉力增加的幅度较小,且在系泊装置设计能力范围内,浮式储油装置原油装载及值守船拖带能力校核均满足作业方式...     

大缆材料对旁靠外输系统的动力响应影响分析(英文)

In order to provide a theoretical guide for choosing the material for the hawsers for the FPSO side-by-side offloading system, which is moored by the yoke system, the 3D potential flow theory and full coupled time-domain analysis are presented to study the dynamic response of the offloading system. The Ming Zhu FPSO offloading system in the field BZ25-1 is simulated here; and four different characteristic fiber ropes are used as the material for the hawsers. To acquire an accurate hawser line tension, the polynomial fitting method is used to calculate the nonlinear stiffness of the hawsers. By comparing the hawser lines' tension and the relative motion between the FPSO and the shuttle tanker, a suitable material for the hawser lines is chosen and discussed in this paper. The results indicate that the nonlinear stiffness characteristic of the fiber rope has a small effect on the relative motion of the vessels, but the hawser lines' tension is greatly influenced by the different characteristics of the fiber ropes. The hawser lines' tension with nonlinear stiffness is in accordance with the one with the upper and lower bound linear stiffness, which proves this method of fitting the fiber ropes' nonlinear stiffness is reasonable and reliable.     

全球FPSO船型开发领域核心技术的演化分析

以国内外专利数据为分析对象,采用专利计量分析的技术方法深入研究浮式生产储油卸油装置(FPSO)开发技术的演化态势,对FPSO船型开发领域的核心专利进行分析,总结出FPSO船型开发的发展路线.结果表明:当前FPSO船型开发领域的主要研究方向是旧船改造、新概念FPSO和通用FPSO.旧船改造的技术点主要聚焦于超大型船舶设计;新概念FPSO的技术点主要集中于浮体形状设计、上部甲板大型化和刚性立管作业问题;通用FPSO的技术点主要侧重于标准化船壳设计、模块化FPSO设计和FPSO一体化建造,未来企业可考虑在模块化FPSO的上甲板承载与布局、管线布置、生活区布置、减摇和抑制垂荡问题上进行专利布局研究.     

Extreme hawser tension assessment for FPSO vessel during offloading operation in Bohai bay

The Floating Production Storage and Offloading Unit (FPSO) is an offshore vessel that produces and stores crude oil prior to tanker transport.Robust prediction of extreme hawser tensions during Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) operation is an important safety concern. Excessive hawser tension may occur during offloading operations, posing an operational risk. In this paper, AQWA has been used to analyze vessel response due to hydrodynamic wave loads, acting on a specific FPSO vessel under actual sea conditions. Experimental validation of numerical results has been discussed as well.This paper advocates methodology for estimating extreme response statistics, based on simulations (or measurements). The modified ACER (averaged conditional exceedance rate) method is presented in brief detail. Proposed methodology provides an accurate extreme value prediction, utilizing all available data efficiently. In this study the estimated return level values, obtained by ACER method, are compared to the corresponding return level values obtained by Gumbel method. Based on the overall performance of the proposed method, it is concluded that the improved ACER method can provide more robust and accurate prediction of the extreme hawser tension.Data declustering issue has been addressed. Paper highlights ability of ACER method to account for a set of varying sea state probabilities, as required in engineering long term statistical analysis.Described approach may be well used at the vessel design stage, while defining optimal vessel parameters that would minimize potential FPSO hawser tension.     

深水浮式生产储油装置（FPSO）外输油浮筒系统研究

基于西非、东南亚等热带海域的多点系泊FPSO（浮式生产储油装置）不具备风标效应的特点,为避免串靠外输油时FPSO与穿梭油船相撞,FPSO可采用外输油浮筒系统。主要阐述了该输油系统的基本组成要素,浮筒的功能、结构和设备,浮筒锚泊定位系统以及FPSO与浮筒问输油管线的设计要点和分析方法等,旨在为南海及海外深水油气资源的开发提供指导与参考。     

风浪流成长全过程单点系泊FPS O运动低频响应极值研究

为了探求风浪流成长全过程对应的单点系泊FPSO低频响应极值,应用三维势流理论及非线性时域耦合分析方法,研究了单点系泊FPSO低频运动响应与风浪流入射角度之间的关系,得出了给定风浪流大小前提下最危险的入射角度,计算了风浪流载荷在发展、顶峰、消亡各不同阶段对应的船体低频运动响应极值。结果表明：单点系泊FPSO低频响应与风浪流入射角度密切相关,且响应最大值可能并不出现在有义波高、风速、流速最大的顶峰时期,而可能出现在有义波高、风速、流速较小但风浪流入射角度呈强非线性的发展或消亡阶段。因此,在研究单点系泊FPSO的低频响应极值时,必须考虑风浪流成长过程中的发展和消亡阶段。文中考虑了易被忽略的风浪流成长过程中入射角度呈强非线性的发展和衰亡阶段,为单点系泊FPSO低频响应特性的分析提供了有益参考。     

应用高阶边界元法求解FPSO型采油平台波浪漂移力的研究

波浪平均漂移力是影响FPSO系统系泊、立管安装和卸载的重要外在荷载。文中针对英国北海正投入使用的萨哈林型式FPSO,应用高阶边界单元方法对其二阶水动力特性进行了计算分析,计算中考虑了物体的几何对称性,FPSO系统所受到的纵荡,横荡以及首摇方向的波浪平均漂移力采用近场解法在湿表面上直接进行压力积分获得。与常数单元方法相比,该方法具有很高的精度,特别是对于高频波浪能得到可靠的收敛解。研究表明为了使得FPSO系统在恶劣海况下安全使用,FPSO系统必须始终保持迎浪状态工作。     

FPSO与油轮串靠外输时的系泊时域分析

Problems experienced during Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) tandem offloading operations were investigated. The aim of this research was to improve the reliability of such systems, and it needed a means to assess them. Time-domain simulation and analysis of offloading systems was performed using the multi-body mooring software ARIANE 7.0. Hydrodynamic interaction between the vessels was considered. The responses of the offloading system in different loading cases, different parameters of offloading hawsers and the effects of challenging environmental conditions were calculated. There was a focus on the problems of relative motion between the two bodies and its effects on the intensity of hawser forces. Minimum relative distance, maximum relative headings and maximum tension in the hawsers of offloading systems were obtained by time-domain analysis. The time-domain analysis was effective and comparative study can be used to optimize parameters of the system and extend operating limits.     

A stability analysis of tandem offloading systems at sea

In this article, we analyze the linear stability of tandem offloading systems in wind, current, and waves. The wind and current forces are evaluated with the help of published experimental data, while the hydrodynamic coefficients and wave drift forces are rigorously estimated by using a three-dimensional singularity distribution method based on potential theory. The bow hawser and mooring lines are described quasistatically by elastic catenary equations. In order to examine the linear static and dynamic stability of the system, the equations for surge, sway, and yaw are linearized. The effect of design parameters such as turret position, mooring stiffness, and hawser length and stiffness on stability is investigated based on linearized model. The stability analysis clarifies the mechanism of the limit cycle for tandem offloading systems, which is known as fishtailing motion. The theoretical results of the shape and amplitude of the limit cycle are found to be in good agreement with those of simulations and experiments.