强梁特殊开孔参数化建模技术

MSC/NASTRAN是我国造船行业公认的有限元软件,它的前后处理器为建立船体三维有限元模型提供了强大的手段,但由于船体结构的复杂性,仍使得船体有限元分析成为非常繁重的工作,故实现参数化建模已成为船体结构分析人员越来越关注的问题.本文以实际工程项目"强梁腹板特殊开孔应力分析及补强方法的研究"为背景,介绍了作者利用PCL语言实现参数化建立强梁特殊开孔的有限元模型的技术,并编制了相应的程序.应用该程序能大大缩短全部方案模型的建模时间,并提高了效率,体现了PCL语言在实现参数化建模方面的优越性.     

舱口盖参数化建模程序设计

为了快速建立船舶舱口盖有限元模型,进行结构强度分析,针对舱口盖的结构特点和手工建模流程,利用MSC.Patran二次开发技术,设计开发参数化建模程序,有效提高舱口盖结构强度规范校核效率。     

基于CATIA V6的船舶结构有限元网格方法

CATIA作为一款通用的工业设计软件,在许多制造行业得到了广泛的应用。随着V6版本较之V5版本进一步的提升了结构模型转换FEM平面单元的能力,CATIA目前已能够实现船体结构模型直接生成有限元网格。通过深入应用CATIA V6,依靠软件强大的三维建模功能,能够极大的减少船体结构划分有限元网格工作的工时。同时利用关联设计复用以往模型,进一步提高FEM模型的生成效率。甚至能够为实现船舶结构设计CAD/CAE一体化的目标提供了具有可行性的研究路径。因而本文通过分析CATIA软件生成有限元网格机制,结合船舶结构有限元分析对生成网格的要求特点,确定了具有实践性的结构建模与网格划分方法。最后通过实践案例予以验证,结合网格质量检查与优劣势分析,基于CATIA平台为船舶结构快速生成有限元网格提供了一种较为高效的方法。     

基于参数化模型的船舶圆柱売结构声学优化分析方法

复杂圆柱壳结构是船舶结构的主要形式,建立其快速声学优化分析方法对促进船舶结构声学设计, 实现“分析驱动设计”理念具有重要价值。基于隐式参数化建模方法,建立船舶复杂圆柱壳结构参数化模型库,提出基于参数化模型的船舶圆柱壳结构声学优化分析方法,解决了分析流程中数据自动传输、软件调用和变量控制等问题。算例结果表明所提方法是合理的,初步满足船舶复杂圆柱壳结构声学优化设计需求。     

基于VB. NET的CATIA三维参数化船舶设备库的开发

为提高设计建模效率,以CATIA系统中知识工程模块为支持平台,给出三维参数化驱动的船载设备模型库构建方案,并使用VB.NET在CATIA上开发建立三维参数化设备库原型系统。该系统采用通用的关系型数据库存储和管理设备模型信息,提高了模型数据编辑修改和更新的方便性,降低了模型数据的冗余度,并可通过网络数据库使设备模型库得到共享,从而显著提高了三维船舶总布置设计建模的效率。     

基于SAP2000的码头桩基设计接口开发与应用

桩基结构的码头受力工况复杂,比选方案众多,通过手算费时费力。SAP2000作为一款通用有限元软件,应用在码头结构计算这一细分领域内时存在建模效率低、配套功能不全的问题。基于SAP2000二次开发功能,通过C#语言开发了码头桩基设计接口。通过对桩基模型主要特征进行参数化分析,为码头桩基设计接口与桩基结构模型的交互打下基础,进而实现一键修改桩基斜率和角度,提高了软件的建模效率。为了便于桩基方案比选优化,开发了桩位图显示与导出、桩基模型存储与载入功能。提出基于IFC标准实现SAP2000与Revit模型的转换,弥补了SAP2000在碰撞检查方面的缺陷。通过在南美某码头工程中应用该码头桩基设计接口以辅助SAP2000模型建模与分析,大大提高了码头结构模型建模效率,拓展了SAP2000软件的原生功能,优化了复杂桩基结构设计过程。     

船舶结构有限元模型局部修正方法研究

为了实现船舶结构有限元模型中开孔和趾端的快速建模,针对有限元网格的局部区域细化方法,基于Patran平台设计开发参数化建模程序。实测证明,该程序能够快速准确地创建开孔和趾端,在一定程度上减轻审图验船人员的繁琐重复劳动,提高审图效率。     

船舶结构有限元模型快速生成研究

寻求一种快速的船舶有限元建模方法一直是船舶设计工作者努力的课题,直接利用AutoCAD中的二维结构图快速生成船舶结构的三维有限元模型,是一种自动化程度较高、快速性较好的方法,通过介绍船舶结构有限元模型数据的计算生成方法等,体现了其在船舶结构有限元建模上的优越性及局限性,以利于深入开展研究.     

船舶柴油机曲轴动态强度分析

为准确分析二冲程船舶柴油机工作时曲轴的动态特性,结合Pro/E 3D软件和ANSYS软件对船舶柴油机曲轴、轴承、活塞、连杆等部件进行三维实体有限元建模,采用子结构法对其进行结构缩减,并将结果文件导入EXCITE软件中,建立整个船舶柴油机的轴系非线性多体动力学模型。采用该模型对曲轴进行一个循环的多体动力学计算。将计算结果恢复到曲轴实体有限元精细模型,进行正常工况下曲轴在一个循环内的动应力计算。结果表明,与单体曲轴强度分析方法相比,采用非线性多体动力学方法可获得更接近实际的曲轴载荷的边界条件,提高了船舶柴油机曲轴动态特性计算精度。     

考虑结构优先级的船舶有限元网格优化算法

针对船舶结构CAD/CAE一体化方案中利用三维几何模型进行有限元网格划分时出现大量过短的壳单元边问题,为优化网格质量,提高建模效率,提出一种有限元网格形态自动优化算法,根据单元节点所属结构连接型式和船舶结构类型,自动批量消除过短的壳单元边,在基于NX定制开发的船舶CAD/CAE模型转换软件中得到验证。     

New method for ship finite element method preprocessing based on a 3D parametric technique

A new method for ship finite element method (FEM) preprocessing is presented as well as its program development. The method is applicable for all kinds of ships at different levels, such as a whole ship, cargo hold parts or detailed structures. The 3D parametric technique is used when creating ship structures, which improves the modeling efficiency greatly and makes the model easy to modify. A 3D geometric constraint solver is developed to solve the constraint system of the parametric model. A meshing procedure is presented to automatically convert the parametric structure model into a finite element model, by which high quality mesh is generated in the stress concentrated area. It also becomes possible to create finite element models for different levels from the same structure model. Using this method, the engineers avoid much of the complex and laborious work of FEM preprocessing, which consumes a very significant amount of time in finite element analysis, and can pay more attention to post-processing. This method has proved to be practical and highly efficient by several engineering trials. This work is sponsored by “Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program”.     

基于设计特征的FRIENDSHIP船型参数化方法及实现

船型设计是船舶总体设计中一项极其复杂且又重要的内容,船舶的结构设计、性能计算、总布置等都要以船型为依据,因此,如何实现船型参数化设计尤为重要。FRIENDSHIP系统为船型设计提供了基于Feature特征和仿真驱动设计的参数化方法和实现机制。在对船型参数化基本理论———特征参数、特征曲线和曲面生成等进行详细阐述的基础上,以某型船艉部裸船体为例,具体阐述了船型参数化的实现流程,以及以Feature、Curveengine和Meta surface为特征机制的船型参数化的具体步骤。以Feature特征为核心的船型参数化方法不仅能为船型曲面的快速建立提供技术支撑,还可以为性能分析和优化提供基础条件。     

A new rational-based optimal design strategy of ship structure based on multi-level analysis and super-element modeling method

A new multi-level analysis method of introducing the super-element modeling method, derived from the multi-level analysis method first proposed by O. F. Hughes, has been proposed in this paper to solve the problem of high time cost in adopting a rational-based optimal design method for ship structural design. Furthermore,the method was verified by its effective application in optimization of the mid-ship section of a container ship. A full 3-D FEM model of a ship,suffering static and quasi-static loads, was used as the analyzing object for evaluating the structural performance of the mid-ship module, including static strength and buckling performance. Research results reveal that this new method could substantially reduce the computational cost of the rational-based optimization problem without decreasing its accuracy, which increases the feasibility and economic efficiency of using a rational-based optimal design method in ship structural design.     

基于有限元的整船结构多学科设计优化

目前在同时考虑舰船水动力性能和结构性能的多学科设计优化模型中,水动力性能和结构性能的预报通常只能采用精度较低的经验公式。为了提高多学科设计优化模型的计算精度,必须要实现的技术就是将舰船水动力性能预报依赖于CFD的分析和将结构性能预报依赖于有限元的分析。重点研究了在多学科设计优化框架中集成有限元软件进行结构优化的技术。首先以一个简单的耐压圆柱壳为例子,介绍了iSIGHT调用Ansys进行包括参数化建模在内的结构优化的流程。然后对某船的整船有限元分析模型进行了整船结构优化研究。由于该船的整船结构有限元模型包含202个板和梁的属性,优化模型的设计变量很多,超出了目前很多优化算法的使用范围。在经过了多种优化算法的比较后,最终得到了优化解,实现了基于有限元的整船结构多学科设计优化。     

支持向量机和遗传算法组合策略的VLCC船中结构优化设计(英文)

In this paper a hybrid process of modeling and optimization,which integrates a support vector machine(SVM) and genetic algorithm(GA),was introduced to reduce the high time cost in structural optimization of ships.SVM,which is rooted in statistical learning theory and an approximate implementation of the method of structural risk minimization,can provide a good generalization performance in metamodeling the input-output relationship of real problems and consequently cuts down on high time cost in the analysis of real problems,such as FEM analysis.The GA,as a powerful optimization technique,possesses remarkable advantages for the problems that can hardly be optimized with common gradient-based optimization methods,which makes it suitable for optimizing models built by SVM.Based on the SVM-GA strategy,optimization of structural scantlings in the midship of a very large crude carrier(VLCC) ship was carried out according to the direct strength assessment method in common structural rules(CSR),which eventually demonstrates the high efficiency of SVM-GA in optimizing the ship structural scantlings under heavy computational complexity.The time cost of this optimization with SVM-GA has been sharply reduced,many more loops have been processed within a small amount of time and the design has been improved remarkably.     

Free and forced vibration analyses of ship structures using the finite element method

With increases in ship size and speed, shipboard vibration becomes a significant concern in the design and construction of vessels. Excessive ship vibration is to be avoided for passenger comfort and crew habitability. In addition to the undesired effects on humans, excessive ship vibration may result in the fatigue failure of local structural members or malfunctioning of machinery and equipment. The propeller induces fluctuating pressure on the surface of the hull, which induces vibration in the hull structure. These pressure pulses acting on the ship hull surface above the propeller are the predominant factor for vibrations of ship structures are taken as excitation forces for forced vibration analysis. Ship structures are complex and may be analyzed after idealization of the structure. Several simplifying assumptions are made in the finite element idealization of the hull structure. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model representing the entire ship hull, including the deckhouse and machinery propulsion system, has been developed using solid modeling software for local and global vibration analyses. Vibration analyses have been conducted under two conditions: free–free (dry) and in-water (wet). The wet analysis has been implemented using acoustic elements. The total damping associated with overall ship hull structure vibration has been considered as a combination of the several damping components. As a result of the global ship free vibration analysis, global natural frequencies and mode shapes have been determined. Moreover, the responses of local ship structures have been determined as a result of the propeller-induced forced vibration analysis.     

基于有限元法的T型梁合理设计（英文）

The main configuration of ship construction consists of standard and fabricated stiffening members,such as T-sections,which are commonly used in shipbuilding.During the welding process,the nonuniform heating and rapid cooling lead to welding imperfections such as out-of-plane distortion and residual stresses.Owing to these imperfections,the fabricated structural members may not attain their design load,and removing these imperfections will require extra man-hours.The present work investigated controlling these imperfections at both the design and fabrication stages.A typical fabricated T-girder was selected to investigate the problem of these imperfections using double-sided welding.A numerical simulation based on finite element modeling(FEM) was used to investigate the effects of geometrical properties and welding sequence on the magnitude of the welding imperfections of the T-girder.The FEM results were validated with the experimental measurements of a double-sided fillet weld.Regarding the design stage,the optimum geometry of the fabricated T-girder was determined based on the minimum steel weight and out-of-plane distortion.Furthermore,regarding the fabrication stage,a parametric study with two variables(geometrical properties and welding sequence)was conducted to determine the optimum geometry and welding sequence based on the minimum welding out-of-plane distortion.Increasing the flange thickness and reducing the breadth while keeping the T-girder section modulus constant reduced the T-girder weight and out-of-plane distortion.Noncontinuous welding produced a significant reduction in the out-of-plane distortion,while an insignificant increase in the compressive residual stress occurred.