国外道路危险货物运输管理经验及启示

本文分析了我国与各国际组织危险货物运输技术法规体系的关系,然后剖析了国外典型国家道路危险货物运输管理经验,分析了我国道路危险货物运输现状,归纳总结了我国道路危险货物运输存在的问题,提出了国外道路危险货物运输管理对我国的启示。     

让危运安全教育培训丰富多彩

道路危险货物运输过程最终要靠人来完成,加强道路危险货物运输从业人员的培训、教育,提高他们的安全意识、职业道德和专业知识与技能是保证安全运输的重要措施。     

青海省道路危险货物运输存在的问题与对策

通过近几年危险货物运输专项整治工作的开展,从我省道路危险货物运输实际情况出发,全面阐述了目前道路危险货物运输存在的问题以及应对的措施.     

“危险货物运输新国标”亮相

德国人帕布斯·海恩提出过"海恩法则":"事故背后有征兆,征兆背后有苗头,苗头后面有规律"。尽管运输危险货物的汽车、火车、船舶在中国的土地上狂奔了多年,但依然存在一些问题。而这些问题,与危险货物运输国家标准有着密切的关系。综合运输体系催生新国标为了规范我国的道路危险货物运输,确保道路危险货物运输安全,我国先后颁布实施了《中华人民共和国安全生产法》、《危险化学品安全管理条例》、《道路危险货物运输管理     

德国道路危险品运输管理特点及启示

<正>日前,笔者随交通部组织的德国道路危险货物运输管理培训团到德国开展了为期三周的道路危险货物运输管理理论培训与实践考察活动。基于对德国道路危险货物运输管理框架及其科学管理经验和做法的了解和认识,对我国道路     

无证危货车辆的违法认定

取得危险货物运输资质的经营者使用无《道路运输证》的车辆参加运输,究竟认为为“未取得相应许可从事道路危险货物运输经营”,还是“道路货物运输经营者使用无《道路运输证》的车辆参加货物运输”？     

无证危货车辆的违法认定

取得危险货物运输资质的经营者使用无<道路运输证>的车辆参加运输,究竟认为为"未取得相应许可从事道路危险货物运输经营",还是"道路货物运输经营者使用无<道路运输证>的车辆参加货物运输"?     

浅谈我省危险货物运输管理

针对我省道路危险货物运输管理的现状,存在的问题,以进一步认识危险货物及运输管理为重点,讲述了加强我省道路危险货物运输管理的建议.     

危险品运输应急救援体系协调的路径选择

应该将政府组织内部资源以及有选择性的将社会中的专业性资源重新整合,建立以相关政府机构、危险货物运输承运人、托运人为主体的道路危险货物运输应急救援体系,关键在于道路危险货物运输应急救援体系协调机理的建立。     

例外数量危险货物道路运输研究

本文综合分析了各种国际规则对例外数量危险货物运输的技术要求,并借鉴国内在航空运输领域开展例外数量危险货物运输的先行经验,结合我国道路运输行业实际,提出了我国例外数量危险货物道路运输的实施建议。     

道路危险货物运输安全现状分析及对策研究

道路运输是危险货物运输的重要环节,也是与安全关系最大的环节,危险货物运输安全事故大多发生在道路运输这一环节上。从当前我国危险品运输安全现状着手,着力分析了影响我国危险品运输安全的因素,并针对这些因素提出相关对策,包括提高从业人员队伍素质、提高行业准入门槛、建立危险货物运输相关管理部门协调机制等。     

Lane-harmonised passenger car equivalents for heterogeneous expressway traffic

In order to account for variations in traffic composition during traffic analysis, passenger car equivalent (PCE) factors are used to convert flow rates of various vehicle classes into flow rates in terms of passenger car units (PCUs). Earlier studies have developed various methods to estimate PCE values but only a few of them are based on uninterrupted traffic flow, particularly for flow regimes with heterogeneous traffic where differential (lower) speed limits are imposed on commercial vehicles. This paper proposes a lane-harmonisation approach, which leverages on the high variation in traffic composition across the lanes, to estimate PCE factors for urban expressways. Multiple linear regression is used and the PCE factors obtained for motorcycles, light goods vehicles, and heavy goods vehicles are 0.65, 1.53, and 2.75, respectively. The estimated capacity flow rate after the application of the obtained PCE factors is around 2200 PCUs per hour per lane.     

Transportation Risk ANalysis tool for hazardous Substances (TRANS) – A user-friendly,semi-quantitative multi-mode hazmat transport route safety risk estimation methodology for Flanders

The paper develops a methodology for assessing the relative risk levels in moving hazardous materials by various transport modes. Transportation Risk ANalysis tool for hazardous Substances (TRANS) divides routes into smaller segments using multi-criteria analysis and likelihood scores of accidents in which dangerous cargoes are involved possibly causing fatalities. The consequences of accident scenarios are calculated in terms of the number of people within 1% of the lethal distance from the accident centre. This provides a user-friendly, semi-quantitative risk analysis tool. The generic method allows for comparing the risk levels of the segments of routes used in the transportation of hazardous goods.     

The impact of transport pricing policy on individual energy consumption: a modeling case study in Kumamoto

To investigate the impact of traffic pricing policies on energy consumption, this study shows a microeconomic quantitative analysis scheme to simulate individual consumption behaviors from a microeconomic viewpoint. Energy consumption is estimated based on individual demand of non‐mobility goods and mobility goods under nine policy scenarios based on strategies of gasoline tax adding and mass transit fare reduction independently or combined. Results show that gasoline tax adding has strong effects on consumption behaviors. Energy consumption reduces mostly because of less consumption of non‐mobility goods and car trips. However, policy of mass transit fare reduction has limited impact on energy saving because consumption of non‐mobility goods and mass transit trips increases, but the number of car trips decline by only a small percentage. Comparing with single‐type policy, policies that combined gasoline tax adding and mass transit fare reduction show less energy consumption. Findings suggest that policies that increase cost of car trips, such as gasoline tax adding, are very helpful to reduce the consumption of non‐mobility goods and car trips, which contribute to less energy consumption. However, reducing cost of mass transit trips suggests limited effect on energy saving. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cross-boundary container truck congestion: the case of the Hong Kong-Pearl River Delta region

Ever since the Open Policy in 1979, there has been increasing socio-economic integration between Hong Kong and mainland China. The subsequent rapid export-oriented industrialization in the Hong Kong-Pearl River Delta (HK-PRD) region has given rise to rapidly growing cross-boundary container truck traffic (XBCT). From 1992 to 2003, the volume of XBCT rose from 1.5 to 4.7 million vehicles per annum. Hence, a new customs check-point, the Shenzhen Western Corridor (SWC), was built. With the development of SWC, how would XBCT drivers change their route-cum-customs (RCC) choice? What were their major considerations? How would the route choice among goods vehicle drivers differ from private car drivers? To what extent would the opening of new customs check-points change the RCC choice of goods vehicle drivers and resolve the uneven distribution problem of freight traffic? The current paper seeks to address these questions.     

Probe vehicle-based traffic state estimation method with spacing information and conservation law

This paper proposes a method of estimating a traffic state based on probe vehicle data that contain spacing and position of probe vehicles. The probe vehicles were assumed to observe spacing by utilizing an advanced driver assistance system, that has been implemented in practice and is expected to spread in the near future. The proposed method relies on the conservation law of the traffic flow but is independent of a fundamental diagram. The conservation law is utilized for reasonable aggregation of the spacing data to acquire the traffic state, i.e., a flow, density and speed. Its independence from a fundamental diagram means that the proposed method does not require predetermined nor exogenous assumptions with regard to the traffic flow model parameters. The proposed method was validated through a simulation experiment under ideal conditions and a field experiment conducted under actual traffic conditions; and empirical characteristics of the proposed method were investigated.     

Automatic identification of risky weather objects in line of flight (AIRWOLF)

Adverse weather conditions are hazardous to flight and contribute to re-routes and delays. This has a negative impact on the National Airspace System (NAS) due to reduced capacity and increased cost. In today’s air traffic control (ATC) system there is no automated weather information for air traffic management decision-support systems. There are also no automatic weather decision-support tools at the air traffic controller workstation. As a result, air traffic operators must integrate weather information and traffic information manually while making decisions. The vision in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) includes new automation concepts with an integration of weather information and decision-making tools. Weather-sensitive traffic flow algorithms could automatically handle re-routes around weather affected areas; this would optimize the capacity during adverse conditions. In this paper, we outline a weather probe concept called automatic identification of risky weather objects in line of flight (AIRWOLF). The AIRWOLF operates in two steps: (a) derivation of polygons and weather objects from grid-based weather data and (b) subsequent identification of risky weather objects that conflict with an aircraft’s line of flight. We discuss how the AIRWOLF concept could increase capacity and safety while reducing pilot and air traffic operator workload. This could translate to reduced weather-related delays and reduced operating costs in the future NAS.     

长大公路隧道的防火救灾对策

文章根据公路隧道火灾的原因和特点,将公路隧道的防火救灾对策系统划分为指导思想、火灾安全等级、宣传教育、交通管理、通风控制、监控与消防系统、建筑材料与附属设施,以及灭火救援体系八个子系统,对应于每一个子系统,提出了详细的防火对策;针对不同的火灾安全等级,给出了我国长大公路隧道的防火设施配置表和危险物品运输时的交通控制表;完善了公路隧道灭火救灾的组织流程,并提出了公路隧道防火救灾预案的研究原则、研究内容以及具体的研究思路。     

下坡路段的道路线型设计安全评价方法

长大下坡路段往往是交通事故多发路段,文章基于实测数据,分析长大下坡路段道路线型设计的交通安全影响因素,总结出下坡路段道路加速度模型,根据加速度变化量与交通安全之间的关系,提出以加速度的变化量为评价道路安全的量化指标,确定下坡路段道路线型设计的评价标准.     

The impact of speed limits on traffic equilibrium and system performance in networks

Speed limits are usually imposed on roads in an attempt to enhance safety and sometimes serve the purpose of reducing fuel consumption and vehicular emissions as well. Most previous studies up to date focus on investigation of the effects of speed limits from a local perspective, while network-wide traffic reallocation effects are overlooked. This paper makes the first attempt to investigate how a link-specific speed limit law reallocates traffic flow in an equilibrium manner at a macroscopic network level. We find that, although the link travel time–flow relationship is altered after a speed limit is imposed, the standard traffic assignment method still applies. With the commonly adopted assumptions, the uniqueness of link travel times at user equilibrium (UE) remains valid, and the UE flows on links with non-binding speed limits are still unique. The UE flows on other links with binding speed limits may not be unique but can be explicitly characterized by a polyhedron or a linear system of equalities and inequalities. Furthermore, taking into account the traffic reallocation effects of speed limits, we compare the capability of speed limits and road pricing for decentralizing desirable network flow patterns. Although from a different perspective for regulating traffic flows with a different mechanism, a speed limit law may play the same role as a toll charge scheme and perform better than some negative (rebate) toll schemes under certain conditions for network flow management.