汽车碰撞过程中乘员冲击响应的分析方法及应用

应用多体系统动力学方法及动态显式有限元方法的混合方法，建立了碰撞过程中乘员冲击响应分析的有限元模型：采用四节点壳单元及刚体材料模型，接触搜寻采用一体化算法，接触力由罚参数法确定，接触界面的摩擦力由经典磨擦定律计算。仿真分析与台车试验结果的对比表明：应用我体系统动力学方程及显式时间积分格式，可以准确地计算出汽车碰撞过程中乘员的冲击响应。分析了五种减速度波形及五种典型结构的力——变形特性对乘员冲击响应的影响，证明了预变形控制结构及横向受压加撑圆管组合结构的大变形力学特性有利于碰撞过程中乘员安全保护的论断。     

钢管预应力索活动护栏碰撞仿真分析

采用通用显式非线性分析软件对钢管预应力索活动护栏与车辆的碰撞过程进行仿真分析。建立护栏模型时,通过静载试验确定预应力索的材料参数;建立大客车有限元模型时,结合计算时间和计算精度对车辆模型进行一定简化处理。从仿真分析和实车碰撞试验结果对比可知,两者有较好的一致性,验证了护栏模型、车辆模型以及仿真计算的精度,表明仿真分析可作为护栏碰撞性能研究的一种辅助手段。     

汽车传动轴受冲抗力峰值的显式有限元分析

提出了一种计算受冲传动轴抗力峰值的显式有限元方法，采用法向方向５点积分的４节点Ｈｕｇｈｅｓ－Ｌｉｕ壳单元、等向强化弹塑性材料模型、显式时间积分格式，一体化接触搜寻算法、前置参数法砂漏控制技术、罚参数主经典摩擦定律，可以地计算出受冲传动轴的抗力峰值，并给出了一个应用实例，     

发动机活塞组摩擦力实时测量装置及试验研究

系统地阐述了发动机缸套活塞组瞬态摩擦力的测量方法。在对浮动缸套法的原理进行仔细的研究及对其难点进行详细的分析之后，一种改进的具有某些显优点的测量装置被开发出来。并利用这引装置，测出了各种工况下缸套活塞组的摩擦力的变化。     

基于Abaqus显式算法的铸铝车轮碰撞模拟

介绍了一种基于Abaqus显式算法的计算方案来预测车轮在按SAE J175的规定进行车轮冲击试验过程中的车轮碰撞性能.为节省计算时间,赋予碰撞体一个撞击初速度代表其自由下落过程的最终状态,并采用了质量缩放法.以等效塑性应变作为损坏指标判定车轮是否通过动态冲击测试标准.仿真结果得到实例的验证,并表明车轮的塑性变形主要集中...     

轿车B柱的优化及对侧面碰撞安全性的影响

应用计算机仿真技术对国产某小型轿车的侧面碰撞吸能部件B柱进行了碰撞仿真,并对其进行了有限元结构优化计算分析与研究。由改进前后的整车侧面碰撞仿真计算结果对比表明,部件的碰撞仿真设计是确保设计车辆具有良好碰撞性能的一种重要的方法和手段,应用有限元法进行结构优化设计是一种有效的方法。     

钢套箱-柔性墩柱结构船撞动力分析

钢套箱-柔性墩柱是内河航道中一种常见的防撞装置。采用显式动力分析软件LS-DYNA对内河驳船撞击钢套箱-柔性墩柱防撞装置进行了动力仿真计算,分析了2类代表性工况——正撞及偏撞情况下,船撞撞击防撞装置的碰撞过程、荷载时程,以及防撞套箱变形损伤情况。计算结果表明,2类不同工况在碰撞过程中存在明显区别,正撞情况下荷载峰值较大,但持时较短。2类工况中,钢套箱接触范围内等效应力超过静态屈服强度,但塑性变形只局限于较小范围内。分析结果表明,钢套箱处于安全状态。     

客车侧翻一步碰撞算法中的接触修正方法研究

提出一种弹塑性耦合迭代的接触修正方法,将该方法用于客车侧翻一步碰撞算法中,通过对假定的最大变形构形进行碰撞接触判断、弹性回弹计算及塑性能量平衡迭代计算,可获得计算车体结构最终变形所需的初始解变形构形。以某12 m公路客运车辆的典型车身段为研究对象,利用该方法进行了客车侧翻碰撞模拟试验,结果表明,与Ls-dyna等增量法及侧翻试验结果对比,该算法计算效率高,试验次数少,模拟时间是Ls-dyna等增量法的1/10,具有实际应用价值。     

船舶碰撞荷载计算

近十多年来．随着交通量的迅速发展．船舶碰撞桥墩的事故日益增多，桥墩的防撞设计越显重要。文中介绍了桥梁船舶碰撞荷载的一些计算方法，并举例作了应用说明。     

车辆碰撞事故解析计算中主要影响因素的误差界定

基于１６起车对车实车碰撞试验数据，应用车辆碰撞模拟软件对车碰撞事故计算中的所用轮胎模型及地面摩擦系数等主要因素在求解碰撞车速时的影响情况进行了计算分析，从而定量界定了各自可能引起的误差程度。     

Structural optimization of a circumferential friction disk brake with consideration of thermoelastic instability

This research suggests a new disk brake design using circumferential friction on the disk of a front-wheel-drive passenger car. The paper compares mechanical performance between the conventional and suggested disk brakes under dynamic braking conditions. Thermoelastic instability is considered in simulation of the test condition. An optimization technique using a metamodel is introduced to minimize the weight of the suggested disk brake. To achieve this goal, the response defined in the optimization formulation is expressed in a mathematically explicit form with respect to the design variables by using a kriging surrogate model, resulting in a simple optimization problem. Then, the simulated annealing algorithm is utilized to find the global optimum. The design results obtained by the kriging method are compared with those obtained from ANSYS analysis.     

Robust estimation of maximum tire-road friction coefficient considering road surface irregularity

An accurate estimation of the maximum tire-road friction coefficient may provide higher performance in a vehicle active safety control system. Unfortunately, real-time tire-road friction coefficient estimation is costly and necessitates additional sensors that must be installed and maintained at all times. This paper proposes an advanced longitudinal tire-road friction coefficient estimation method that is capable of considering irregular road surfaces. The proposed algorithm uses a stiffness based estimation method, however, unlike previous studies, improvements were made by suggesting a third order model to solve problems related to nonlinear mu-slip curve. To attain the tire-road friction coefficient, real-time normalized force is obtained from the force estimator as exerted from the tire in the low slip region using the recursive least squares method. The decisive aspect of using the suggested algorithm lies in its low cost and versatility. It can be used under irregular road conditions due to its capability of easily obtaining wheel speed and acceleration values from production cars. The newly improved algorithm has been verified to computer simulations as well as compact size cars on dry asphalt conditions.     

桩承式路堤土拱效应分析

基于单桩等效处理范围内堤身土体受力平衡,改进了传统的HEWLETT极限状态空间土拱效应分析方法,求得了桩体荷载分担比计算的解析表达式。研究了桩间距、桩帽大小和填料内摩擦角对桩体荷载分担比的影响。研究表明:土拱处于弹性状态时,改进方法计算出的桩体荷载分担比小于HEWLETT极限状态计算结果;土拱处于塑性状态时,改进方法计算结果与HEWLETT计算结果相同。设计桩承式路堤时,若填料内摩擦角较大,则应优先考虑增大桩帽宽度来提高桩体荷载分担比;若内摩擦角较小,则可适当减小桩距来提高桩体荷载分担比。大内摩擦角填料有助于提高桩体荷载分担比。给出了桩体荷载分担比计算图,便于工程应用。最后对一个工程实例作了分析。     

Estimation of wheel–rail friction for vehicle certification

In certification of new rail vehicles with respect to running characteristics, a wide variety of operating conditions needs to be considered. However, in associated test runs the wheel–rail friction condition is difficult to handle because the friction coefficient needs to be fairly high and the friction is also generally hard to assess. This is an issue that has been studied in the European project DynoTRAIN and part of the results is presented in this paper. More specifically, an algorithm for estimating the wheel–rail friction coefficient at vehicle certification tests is proposed. Owing to lack of some measurement results, the algorithm here is evaluated in a simulation environment which is also an important step towards practical implementation. A quality measure of the friction estimate is suggested in terms of estimated wheel–rail spin and total creep. It is concluded that, tentatively, the total creep should exceed 0.006 and the spin should be less than 1.0 m^?1 for the algorithm to give a good friction estimate. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to imitate measurement errors, but should be expanded in further work.     

传递系数法计算边坡安全系数的影响因素探讨

传递系数法是我国创造的一种边坡稳定性分析方法,在边坡稳定性分析中得到了广泛应用。传递系数法有隐式解法和显式解法两种,主要通过讨论传递系数与倾角的变化的关系,提出条块划分的一些建议,另外也讨论了条块间静水压力及隐式解法中假定Fs大小对边坡安全系数的影响。     

车辆碰撞行人交通事故的不确定因素研究

车辆碰撞行人交通事故牵涉较多的不确定因素,如接触点位置与摩擦系数、人体的飞行距离、抛出高度和角度,根据这些取值不确定的参数估算碰撞速度,其结果具有较大的不确定性。为了考察碰撞速度的不确定取值范围,研究了行人事故所包含的各种不确定因素,利用多元函数的相对不确定理论,针对碰撞速度的一般运动学计算模型建立了相应的不确定度分析方法;给出了关于一起真实事故的应用实例。结果表明:人体与路面间摩擦系数的取值对计算结果不确定度的影响最显著。     

基于碰撞机理的全气缸取样机构设计

从设计思路、执行部分设计、驱动部分和复位部分设计、模拟气缸设计等方面,介绍了一种基于接触碰撞机理的非破坏性、可重复使用的全气缸取样机构的设计,并进行了模拟碰撞试验和实车碰撞试验。试验结果表明,所设计的碰撞式全气缸取样机构可靠性好,能够满足全气缸取样要求。     

Estimation of maximum road friction coefficient based on Lyapunov method

With the real time and accurate information of motor torque and rotation speed of the four-in-wheel-motordrive electric vehicles, a slip based algorithm for estimating maximum road friction coefficient is designed using Lyapunov stability theory. Modified Burckhardt tire model is used to describe longitudinal slip property of the tire. By introducing a new state variable, a nonlinear estimator is proposed to estimate the longitudinal tire force and the maximum road friction coefficient simultaneously. With the appropriate selection of estimation gain, the convergence of the estimation error of the tire longitudinal force and maximum road friction coefficient is proved through Lyapunov stability analysis. In addition, the error is exponentially stable near the origin. Finally the method is validated with Carsim-Simulink co-simulation and real vehicle tests under multi working conditions in acceleration situation which demonstrate high computational efficiency and accuracy of this method.     

基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的鼓式制动器接触仿真分析

利用显式动力分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,进行瞬态动力学仿真分析,模拟制动器在制动过程中接触摩擦情况与接触应力的分布以及制动过程中制动鼓的变形和速度的变化情况。     

基于无网格RKPM法的U形弯曲件的回弹分析

作者提出采用动态显式无网格RKPM方法和静力隐式有限元法相结合的弯曲回弹的分析方法,模拟板材的弯曲成形与卸载回弹全过程.采用RKPM模拟板料的成形过程,将成形终了的计算结果导入到有限元分析软件进行回弹分析,并与试验结果及有限元结果进行了比较.比较结果说明:采用RKPM方法与有限元法相结合的方法得到的弯曲回弹角比单独采用有限元法得到的弯曲回弹角更接近试验回弹角.