内河船员培训存在的问题及对策

船员素质是船舶营运安全的决定性因素。文章基于南宁辖区内河船员培训的现状,探讨了提高内河船员培训质量的意义,分析了内河船员培训存在的问题,并提出了解决问题的对策。     

内河航道通航安全问题和安全监管

本文以赛江内河航道为研究对象,通过实地调研发现内河航道存在通航限制大、航道建设和养护滞后、船舶无序锚泊、通航小型船舶较多和上游采砂点不规范等问题,并从通航管理和安全管理两个方面提出了相应的风险防范对策及建议。     

内河船舶节能操作法

华中航运集团有限公司根据船舶特性进行实船调研,总结船员的船舶实操经验;组织专家多次跟船航行,记录七种节油操作方法船舶的耗油量,总结出具有规律性的操作技巧,并通过多次论证,提炼出一套系统的内河自航船舶节能减排操作法。     

清理行政审批 促进职能转变

在国务院公布的第一批取消的行政审批项目中,包括由交通运输部实施的国际船舶运输经营者之间兼并和收购的审核,承担船舶油污损害民事责任保险的商业性保险机构和互助性保险机构的确定,国际船舶代理业务审批,船舶修造、水上拆解地点的确定;由省级地方海事机构实施的从事内河船舶船员服务业务审批。而保留的行政审批项目,主要集中在安全监管和市场秩序监管领域。保留这些审批项目,主要出于三个方面考虑:一是履行安全管理和防治水域污染职责的需要;二是履行国际公约的需要,国际海事组织、国际劳工组织在船舶管理、船员管理以及防治船舶污染海域等方面制定了一系列公约,中国作为公约的成员国,必须遵循这些规则;三是维护国家主权、实施对等管理的需要,出于对国家主权和国家经济安全的保护,世界上很多国家在公路水路运输     

内河船舶生活污水处理装置的安装和检验

船检机构作为船舶质量把关机构,需加强对防止生活污水污染的检验,保证船舶生活污水处理装置或系统的配备满足法规、规范的标准,减少船舶对内河水域造成的污染,有效控制内河水域污染源,为打造绿色内河水运环境发挥作用。文中以"十二五"内河船舶生活污水防污改造为背景,通过对生活污水、处理装置以及排放控制等简要介绍,重点研究了内河船舶生活污水处理装置的安装和检验要点,为船舶装设符合法规要求的生活污水处理装置提供帮助。     

关于广西内河船员计算机考试的探讨

文章基于广西辖区船员计算机考试现状,从考场建设情况、考试管理规定以及船员素质特点等方面分析了广西内河船员计算机考试存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策和建议.     

水运

广西开展内河挖砂、运砂船舶安全管理专项整治 9月1日至2012年6月30日，广西在全区范围内开展内河挖砂、运砂船舶安全管理专项整治活动，将广西内河挖砂、运砂船舶纳入规范管理，建立并完善内河挖砂、运砂船舶长效管理机制。据悉，从2012年1月1日起未持有《船舶国籍证书》的挖砂船和未持有《船舶国籍证书》、《船舶营业运输证》的运砂船舶将一律停止作业和营运；无《船舶国籍证书》、《船舶营业运输证》的砂船将禁止通过船闸；     

内河船舶防污染面临的问题及对策研究

随着我国东线南水北调工程的建设,内河船舶对水域环境造成的污染引起了高度的重视,为了保障南水北调工程的建设和人民群众生活及生态环境安全,加强内河船舶污染控制工作成为海事船检部门工作的重中之重。严格把关船舶污染水域源头,从现行法制手段、国家监督管理机制、船舶防污设计等多个方面进行分析,采取有效的防污染措施,提高当前内河船舶防污染工作,重视内河船舶防污染治理,提升内河船舶防污染水平。本文针对京杭运河徐州段船舶防污现状,浅析内河船舶防污染面临的问题,并研究解决对策。     

内河货船船底结构过渡的型式分析

文章结合广西内河货船特点,分析船舶由双层底向艏艉部单层底过渡的结构型式,在规范未作明确要求的情况下,探讨使船舶建造相关方接受的处理办法。     

新时代内河船舶标准化发展规律及演变

结合内河船舶标准化工作进展,从狭义和广义两方面诠释内涵;借鉴欧美内河船舶发展经验,归纳内河船型标准化的发展规律;总结工作长期性特征,船型尺度发展及其与通航矛盾的关系。重新审视内河船舶标准化工作,提出了关于船舶船龄、最低配员、安全技术、绿色排放、舒适美观、先进智能等方面的建议,并助力深化相关标准研究和行业发展。     

Autonomous technologies in short sea shipping: trends,feasibility and implications

ABSTRACT

The maritime industry has been continuously transforming the nature of its business and striving to embrace technology in many aspects. In this context, autonomous technologies have been receiving momentum with a potential to revolutionise the landscape of shipping industry. After conducting a comprehensive literature review on the issues facing by the short sea shipping (SSS) industry, a model is developed to explore the potential savings of removing crew and use of autonomous technologies through a Continuously Unmanned Ship (CUS) that is operated by a Shore Control Centre (SCC). The analysis shows that autonomous technologies are viable to the challenges that the shipping industry is facing in terms of crew costs and skill shortage. To validate this statement, a case study is selected and various scenarios were tested based on relevant operational and financial considerations, including crew arrangement, cargo utilisation levels and shore wage coefficients. The results suggest that the savings occur in demand-uncertain markets and where a network of vessels are operated via a control centre. While autonomous technology use in shipping holds promise, there remain several limitations that this research addresses in terms of implementation, commercial attractiveness, risk profile, legislative, workforce planning and port operations.     

Comprehensive Review of the Maritime Safety Regimes: Present Status and Recommendations for Improvements

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive review of the maritime safety regimes and provides recommendations on how to improve the system. The results show a complex legal framework which generates a high amount of inspections and overlapping of inspection areas where no cross‐recognition is established by the various stakeholders. While the safety system seems to be successful in eliminating substandard vessels and while average insurance claims costs are substantially lower for inspected vessels than non‐inspected vessels, the results indicate that the economic conditions of the shipping market also have an effect on safety quality besides the frequency of inspections. No significant differences can be found between industry inspections and port state control inspections with respect to decreasing the probability of casualty. The system could be made more effective by combining data sources on inspections and using them respectively to improve risk profiling and to decrease the frequency of inspections performed on ship types such as tankers. The results further indicate a lack of proper implementation of the International Safety Management Code (ISM code) and conventions with reference to working and living conditions of crew (ILO 147). A revision of the ISM code and more emphasis on enforcement of ILO 147 could further enhance the level of safety at sea. The authors would like to thank several inspection regimes for their cooperation in providing inspection data and in allowing the observation of surveys and inspections on 26 vessels. In addition, the authors would like to acknowledge the data providers for the casualty data, Clarksons for the economic data as well as two P&I Clubs in making data on insurance claims available.     

An optimization model for a real-time flight scheduling problem

Although airlines plan aircraft routes and crew schedules in advance, perturbations occur everyday. As a result, flight schedules may become infeasible and would need to be updated. This Day of Operations Scheduling problem impacts the entire system of an airline as the decisions enforced are final. When perturbations are relatively small, the airline may be able to at least preserve the planned aircraft and crew itineraries. We propose a model that determines new flight schedules based on planned crew transfers, rest periods, passenger connections, and maintenance. Its dual is shown to be a network model, hence solvable in a real-time environment. In addition, it can be used in more sophisticated operational and planning systems.     

Evolutionary crew scheduling with adaptive chromosomes

This paper presents an adaptive evolutionary approach incorporating a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) for public transport crew scheduling problems, which are well-known to be NP-hard. To ensure the search efficiency, a suitable chromosome representation has to be determined first. Unlike a canonical GA for crew scheduling where the chromosome length is fixed, the chromosome length in the proposed approach may vary adaptively during the iterative process, and its initial value is elaborately designated as the lower bound of the number of shifts to be used in an unachievable optimal solution. Next, the hybrid GA with such a short chromosome length is employed to find a feasible schedule. During the GA process, the adaptation on chromosome lengths is achieved by genetic operations of crossover and mutation with removal and replenishment strategies aided by a simple greedy algorithm. If a feasible schedule cannot be found when the GA’s termination condition is met, the GA will restart with one more gene added. The above process is repeated until a feasible solution is found. Computational experiments based on 11 real-world crew scheduling problems in China show that, compared to a fuzzy GA known to be well performed for crew scheduling, better solutions are found for all the testing problems. Moreover, the algorithm works fast, has achieved results close to the lower bounds obtained by a standard linear programming solver in terms of the number of shifts, and has much potential for future developments.     

Airline crew pairing with fatigue: Modeling and analysis

Crew fatigue is one of the main causes of airline accidents. Regulatory authorities such as the Federal Aviation Agency constantly introduce new fatigue regulations, often in the form of hard constraints on the length of duty and rest periods. The complex nature of travel-related fatigue, however, makes it difficult to account for it indirectly through such constraints. Recent studies show that fatigue depends on human factors such as the homeostatic process and the circadian body clock as well as time-zone differences. In this work, we explicitly account for fatigue in crew pairing optimization through the Three Process Model of Alertness, one of the most comprehensive fatigue models available in the literature. We provide a mathematical model for the crew pairing problem that incorporates fatigue and solve it using a column generation approach. Numerical analysis on two real data sets reveals that the proposed approach is able to reduce the crew fatigue levels substantially with minimal impact on cost. In particular, it is shown that hard constraints on fatigue may still lead to high fatigue levels and that jet-lag and time-zone differences have a major impact. The results of the tests also show that some of the rules and regulations in practice may be omitted if the fatigue is accounted for directly.     

The flight perturbation problem

Airlines spend considerable time, effort and financial resources on planning. It is essential to create a competitive timetable and construct a fleet and a crew schedule that utilizes these resources to the maximum. Unfortunately, it is all too common that an airline is faced with the necessity of reconstructing their schedules due to some unforeseen event, for example an aircraft breakdown or a crew member that is indisposed. In this paper, an application that can help airlines solve the complex problem of reconstructing aircraft schedules is presented. A mixed integer multicommodity flow model with side constraints is developed and further reformulated into a set packing model using the Dantzig—Wolfe decomposition. Cancellations, delays and aircraft swaps are used to resolve the perturbation, and the model ensures that the schedule returns to normal within a certain time. Two column generation schemes for heuristically solving the model are tested on real problem data obtained from a Swedish domestic airline. The computational tests show that the application is capable of presenting high quality solutions in a few seconds and therefore can be used as a dynamic decision support tool by the airlines.     

《防超劳预警表》的实践与思考

通过对《机车乘务员超劳预警通知书》进行电子化改造和相关功能完善,目标是为了通过可视化的提醒方式,向机务段派班员、机车调度员、计划调度员、列车调度员以及车站值班员等直接涉及运输组织的人员提供机车乘务员劳动时间的相关信息,以便实现对超劳情况的提前发现、提前组织,减少由于信息传递滞后造成的机车乘务员超劳情况。     

An investment appraisal method to compare LNG-fueled and conventional vessels

Ever stricter emission regulations stimulate vessel owners to consider the adoption of alternative marine fuels, such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). In deciding whether to invest in LNG-fueled vessels, initial investment and operating costs are decisive factors that have not yet been fully studied in the literature. In this paper, we present a new investment appraisal method to compare the costs of LNG-fueled vessels with conventional vessels. We analyze the fuel costs and overall exploitation costs by simulating bunker planning decisions under stochastic fuel prices, presence in emission controlled areas, and route lengths. Our analyses reveal that the fuel costs of LNG-fueled vessels are often lower than those of conventional vessels, even under unfavorable LNG prices. Due to the higher initial investment costs in LNG-fueled vessels, these fuel cost reductions do not always translate into lower overall exploitation costs. By conducting numerical experiments, we identified conditions under which the exploitation costs of LNG-fueled vessels are lower than conventional vessels.     

Batteries in offshore support vessels – Pollution,climate impact and economics

This paper assesses the pros and the cons of installing batteries on offshore support vessels. These vessels are specially designed to provide services to oil and gas operations, such as anchor handling, supply and subsea operations. They have multiple engines and advanced dynamic positioning systems to ensure that they can perform their duties with high reliability at nearly any sea state. Combined with high safety requirements, this has resulted in general operational patterns with vessels running multiple combustion engines even at calm water conditions. For emissions, low engine loads yield high emissions of exhaust gases such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC), due to less favorable combustion conditions. The high span for these vessels between low loads and high, and their great need for potential power at short notice, motivate our examination of hybrid setups with electric: the vessel segment should be more favorable than many. We find that combining batteries with combustion engines reduces local pollution and climate impact, while the economics with current battery cost and fuel prices is good enough for new vessels, but not good enough for retrofits.