燃料电池应用于汽车动力装置的技术现状及前景展望

本文介绍了国内现阶段燃料电池应用于车用动力装置的现状以及面临的技术性问题,同时阐述了限制其推广应用的主要原因。通过与传统内燃机的对比,分析了其应用现状,并作了未来展望。目前燃料电池由于技术水平、制造成本及燃料制取储备等原因尚未得以广泛应用,在未来的相当一段时间内仍会以内燃机为主占据主流车用动力市场。但是,随着化石能源的日渐枯竭以及相关技术的不断完善,燃料电池必将在车用动力装置中占据一席之地。     

浅谈高原汽油车含氧燃料的应用

原油价格的上涨和能源危机的加重,要求我们不断寻求新能源。高原地区的特殊性使车用含氧燃料的应用具有重要意义。从高原对汽车性能的影响出发,分析目前主要汽油车用含氧燃料的特点,进而指出高原汽油车应选择乙醇汽油燃料替代传统燃料。     

甲醇汽车冷起动性研究

甲醇的冷起动性是车用甲醇燃料应用中普遍存在的问题。本文针对这一问题,分析了甲醇发动机冷起动差的原因,阐述了当前改善甲醇发动机冷起动性的方法,通过对比分析得出:预热和甲醇中添加改善冷起动性的添加剂可以保证环境温度较低时发动机可靠的冷起动性,与电热塞预热相比,电热丝预热和共轨管预热甲醇发动机冷起动可靠性好。     

甲醇汽车和电动汽车的煤基燃料路径生命周期评价

我国车用能源供应安全问题突出,需要开发廉价、清洁的车用燃料。煤炭是我国中长期发展中可以依赖的能源资源,将煤炭转化为替代燃料或者发电作为车用能源,有可能是解决我国日益增长的车用燃料消费需求的途径之一。本文对煤基甲醇和煤电的几种路径的能源和环境进行了全生命周期的计算。评价结果表明:煤电路径在能源效率和环境影响方面都要优于煤基甲醇和常规汽油,分析结论对煤炭清洁高效利用和能源持续发展的途径选择具有一定的参考意义。     

我国车用乙醇汽油使用对车辆性能影响及发展建议

乙醇是代替石化燃料的可再生能源主流之一。文章主要对发展乙醇汽油燃料的优势及现状进行了综合评述,并重点提出了乙醇汽油对车辆性能造成的影响和解决办法,从而为我国推广使用车用乙醇汽油工作提供了参考。     

我国车用乙醇汽油使用对车辆性能影响及发展建议

乙醇是代替石化燃料的可再生能源主流之一。文章主要对发展乙醇汽油燃料的优势及现状进行综合评述,并重点提出乙醇汽油对车辆性能造成的影响和解决办法,从而为我国推广使用车用乙醇汽油工作提供参考。     

车用油气双燃料混合燃烧发动机技术应用及其发展前景展望

阐述了车用双燃料油气混合燃烧技术的基本原理,分析了对节能减排、降低燃料消耗费用的作用,介绍了在实践中的应用与推广。     

LNG重型卡车发动机及润滑需求分析

LNG重型卡车使用的发动机相比传统的汽、柴油发动机,由于燃料的不同造成发动机点火方式、燃烧状态等多种不同,对润滑的要求也不相同。本文介绍了LNG重型卡车发动机的工作特点以及燃料的基本特性,分析了LNG重型卡车发动机对润滑油的性能需求,介绍了国内外燃气发动机油的研究现状,对LNG重型卡车发动机润滑提出了建议。     

甲醇汽车:“冷遇”中艰难前行

正甲醇汽车,顾名思义就是用甲醇替代汽油和柴油作为燃料的汽车。以甲醇含量作为燃料标记,掺入15%、30%、50%、85%甲醇的汽油分别为M15、M30、M50、M85,纯甲醇燃料则为M100。根据国家工信部对新能源汽车的定义,新能源汽车是指采用非常规的车用燃料作为动力来源的汽车,包括混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、氢发动机汽车、其他新能源(如高效储能器、二甲醚)汽车等,甲醇汽车似乎并不在新能源汽车的范围内,最多算是节能或是清洁能源汽车。     

五洲纵览

正政策法规十五部委将推广车用乙醇汽油近日,国家发展改革委、国家能源局、财政部等十五部门联合印发了《关于扩大生物燃料乙醇生产和推广使用车用乙醇汽油的实施方案》。根据方案,到2020年,全国范围内将基本实现车用乙醇汽油全覆盖。到2025年,力争纤维素乙醇实现规模化生产,先进生物液体燃料技术、装备和产业整体达到国际领先水平,形成更加完善的市场化运行机制。将燃料乙醇以一定比例添加到汽油中,形成车用乙醇汽油。这种汽     

A note on implicit consumer discounting of automobile fuel economy: Reviewing the available evidence

A key element in the long run response of the automotive market to higher fuel prices is consumers' willingness to pay for fuel economy improvements. Eight recent studies are examined and estimates of asset price/operating cost discount rates are derived for each. A critical comparison of results suggests that most are implausible. Plausible estimates range from 4 to 40% as a function of household income.     

基于底盘测功机的汽车燃油消耗量测试研究

随着石油储量的减少和油价的持续走高,油耗已经成为大家关注的焦点.文章通过基于底盘测功机的汽车燃油消耗量的测试研究,获得了不同车况和车速下的油耗曲线,试验结果比较科学地反映了车辆的真实油耗,可供各种汽车油耗测试参考.     

Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for advanced vehicle technology options and fuel types

The automotive industry is witnessing a revolution with the advent of advanced vehicular technologies, smart vehicle options, and fuel alternatives. However, there is very limited research on consumer preferences for such advanced vehicular technologies. The deployment and penetration of advanced vehicular technologies in the marketplace, and planning for possible market adoption scenarios, calls for the collection and analysis of consumer preference data related to these emerging technologies. This study aims to address this need, offering a detailed analysis of consumer preference for alternative fuel types and technology options using data collected in stated choice experiments conducted on a sample of consumers from six metropolitan cities in South Korea. The results indicate that there is considerable heterogeneity in consumer preferences for various smart technology options such as wireless internet, vehicle connectivity, and voice command features, but relatively less heterogeneity in the preference for smart vehicle applications such as real-time traveler information on parking and traffic conditions.     

Symbolism in California’s early market for hybrid electric vehicles

This study explores the symbolic meanings being created, appropriated, and communicated by the owners of hybrid electric vehicles. As symbolic meanings are shown to be important to hybrid electric vehicle purchase and use, understanding the meanings, as well as their construction and communication, is essential for policy makers and others hoping to promote these new types of vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles embody combinations of meanings that were previously unavailable from automobiles. Market observers who fail to recognize this struggle to explain why some people buy hybrid electric vehicles. They may characterize buyers as naı¨ve about calculating payback on fuel economy, or dismiss owners as image-seeking environmentalists. This research belies such simplistic explanations. Through the telling and analysis of buyers’ own stories, this study takes a robust approach to understanding the creation and spread of new symbolic meanings in the automotive market. Data were collected in ethnographic interviews with hybrid electric vehicle owners in the California, and analyzed using methods based on semiotic theory. In particular, the study explores how widely recognized social meanings (denotations) are connected to more personal meanings (connotations) and the effect that both types of meanings have on vehicle purchase and use.     

A system dynamics modeling for urban air pollution: A case study of Tehran,Iran

Development of strategies to control urban air pollution is a complex process involving a wide range of sciences. In this study a system dynamics model is proposed in order to estimate the behavior of parameters affecting air pollution in Tehran. The proposed model includes two subsystems: (1) urban transportation, (2) air polluting industries. In this paper, several policies are proposed to mitigate air pollution. The proposed model is simulated under several scenarios using historical data of transportation and industrial sectors in Tehran. Policies are categorized as: (1) road construction, (2) technology improvement in fuel and automotive industries, (3) traffic control plans, (4) development of public transportation infrastructures. The results show effectiveness of the proposed policies. In this case, technology improvement in fuel and automotive industries and development of public transportation infrastructures are more effective policies in order to reduce air pollution.     

一种电控增能节油器整车道路性能对比试验

本文选用一种新型电控增能节油器安装在同一样车上,依据《汽车节油技术评定方法》(GB/T 14951-2007),分别对安装和未安装该节油器样车进行了动力性、经济型和排放性相关试验,对试验数据进行了计算验证和比对分析。     

The endogeneity of OECD gasoline taxes: Evidence from pair-wise,heterogeneous panel long-run causality tests

Despite the current interest in using fuel taxes as an instrument for climate policy, there has been little study of current automotive fuel tax regimes. We expand on two earlier cross-sectional studies on why fuel taxes differ across countries by using OECD panel data and employing heterogeneous panel cointegration and long-run panel Granger-causality techniques. We confirm some of those earlier studies’ conclusions. Further, we find that governments that rely on consumption-based taxes for revenues will have higher gasoline tax rates (than governments that rely on income and wealth/property-based taxes). But more significantly, we determine that higher gasoline demand among consumers “causes” democratic governments to set lower gasoline taxes—a finding with important implications for today’s climate/energy policy debate.     

Development a new power management strategy for power split hybrid electric vehicles

Reduction of greenhouse gas emission and fuel consumption as one of the main goals of automotive industry leading to the development hybrid vehicles. The objective of this paper is to investigate the energy management system and control strategies effect on fuel consumption, air pollution and performance of hybrid vehicles in various driving cycles. In order to simulate the hybrid vehicle, the combined feedback–feedforward architecture of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle based on Toyota Prius configuration is modeled, together with necessary dynamic features of subsystem or components in ADVISOR. Multi input fuzzy logic controller developed for energy management controller to improve the fuel economy of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle with contrast to conventional Toyota Prius Hybrid rule-based controller. Then, effects of battery’s initial state of charge, driving cycles and road grade investigated on hybrid vehicle performance to evaluate fuel consumption and pollution emissions. The simulation results represent the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control strategy. Also, results indicate that proposed controller is reduced fuel consumption in real and modal driving cycles about 21% and 6% respectively.     

Intention and willingness to pay for green freight transportation: An empirical examination

The objective of this paper is to explore what motivates consumer intention and willingness to pay for green transportation. The model is based on the theory of planned behavior and explains the relationship between consumer attitude, perceived behavioral control and peer pressure on intention and willingness to pay for a t-shirt that was transported using energy efficient fuel. Data from a survey of U.S. consumers is analyzed. Results suggest consumer attitude and peer pressure are positively associated with intention which is positively associated with willingness to pay. High levels of consumer attitude, perceived behavioral control and intention suggest a positive outlook for organizations investing in green transportation initiatives. Results also suggest a need for organizations and government to market and educate consumers and citizens about the positive implications of green transportation and using energy efficient fuel.     

我国动力锂电池行业现状和发展趋势

作为新能源汽车核心部件之一的动力电池,随着新能源汽车行业的崛起迅速发展起来。文章对动力锂电池的应用现状、市场规模、产业链布局等情况进行分析;结合现状,对动力锂电池的制约因素和先进技术进行展望。