基于广义有序Logit模型的公交运行效能提升

为了更精准的评价公交乘客满意度，本文综合考虑乘客社会经济属性、公交服务主观感知指标以及公交服务客观指标对乘客满意度的影响，建立了更加客观全面的公交乘客满意度评价机制。在此基础上，结合广义有序Logit模型的拟合结果，研究各指标是否对乘客满意度有影响，并引入边际效应概念，实现了定量化描述指标调整带来的公交乘客满意度的提升。将该满意度评价方法应用到宜春中心城区公交满意度分析中，甄别出制约公交乘客满意度的瓶颈因素，指明了满意度提升优化方向，对于线网组织优化具有积极意义。     

基于结构方程模型的公共交通服务评价方法

实行公交优先是缓解城市道路交通压力的重要手段,鼓励居民公交出行的同时必须提升公共交通的服务水平,公共交通服务评价可为其提供依据。本文首先建立了公共交通服务评价指标体系;然后以居民对北京市公共交通服务的心理感知为潜在变量,构建了潜在因素因果关系模型与公交总体服务评价模型;基于调查问卷所得数据,利用AMOS软件对模型参数进行拟合与评价;最后,经过模型修正,得到适配度最优的模型。研究表明,对北京市公共交通总体服务的量化评分为2.89分,乘客的满意度较低,迅捷性与准时性的影响权重最大。     

公交专用道线网规划方案评价方法

公交专用道线网规划方案评估是一项重要工作。以武汉市主城区公交专用道线网的布局规划方案为例，研究公交专用道线网规划方案评价方法和指标。采用复杂网络理论和动态仿真模型相结合的方法，构建公交专用道线网规划方案评价体系，从复杂网络结构特性角度构建了公交专用道线网评价指标，利用VISSIM对部分路段的公交专用道运行效果进行仿真实验。实验结果表明，设置公交专用道并规划公交专用道线网使公交车行程延误降低了约59%，行程时间减少约44%，平均车速上升，对优先发展公共交通有较好的促进作用，为公交专用道线网规划方案的评价提供理论参考。     

公交停保场选址评价研究

为了给公交停保场选址规划提供准确的反馈信息,克服现行选址过程中人为决策的主观性和随意性,保证规划选址的科学性、合理性。从停保场选址功能性、协调性、经济性、社会性四个方面出发,共选取9项指标,构建公交停保场指标评价体系,并对各项指标提出详细的量化公式。然后引入熵权法对各项评价指标进行客观赋权,构建停保场选址综合评价模型,实现对公交停保场的选址评价计算。文章最后以四川省成都市金堂县的三处公交停保场为例进行试算,评价结果与实际情况相符合,证明评价模型可行。     

兰州快速公交线乘客满意度分析

城市快速公交系统(BRT)是一种高运量、快速的交通服务模式,一直被视为缓解城市交通问题的一剂良药。本文以兰州市快速公交1号线为研究对象,通过设计问卷调查获得其目前的运营情况。针对快速公交系统的舒适性、时效性与经济性等评价因子建立BRT乘客满意度评价指标体系。并借用区间数特征根法(IEM)计算相关指标的各自权重,基于Vague集建立乘客满意度的综合评价模型,最后以对兰州市快速公交1号线为算例验证模型的有效性。结果表明:乘客对BRT在时效性较为满意,而在拥堵状况、服务质量提升、换乘方面需进一步做积极调整。     

单线路半自动公交编组与调度模型

基于半自动公交能够实现多辆公交单元协同行驶的特点，本文提出半自动公交编组与调度模型。考虑编组公交动态运行特性、乘客特性等因素，以公交公司运营成本与乘客出行时间成本为优化目标，优化发车间隔和编组规模，并采用改进的遗传算法进行求解。最后基于成都市116路公交线路对本文提出的模型进行评价，结果表明：与非编组模式相比本策略能降低35.9%的乘客出行成本与20.0%的运营成本，证明了本文提出的半自动公交编组模型的有效性。     

夜班公交路线服务评价——以银川市为例

在"优先发展公共交通战略"的背景下,夜班公交不只是超一线城市才有,很多大中城市已经开始结合自身情况,开启了服务大众为核心的夜班公交线路,夜班公交已经逐渐发展成为已成为人们夜间出行不可缺少的交通方式,充分满足了大众对夜间出行对稳定、环保、安全的出行需求。夜班公交线路近年来不断开设和体系不断健全,但是很少学者研究夜班公交路线服务评价体系。本文将提出基于多种出行方式的夜班公交评价模型来解决这一问题,结合银川市一周交通量数据,运用GIS对银川交通发生量进行可视化分析,对夜班公交线路的合理评价,最后给出优化建议。     

纯电动公交车运营性能评价指标体系研究

针对纯电动公交车性能水平良莠不齐,用户选车时缺乏指导的问题,力求建立运营性能评价指标体系,科学客观评价纯电动公交车在运营过程中的性能表现.在充分借鉴相关研究成果的基础上,针对用户对纯电动公交车性能的关注点,结合公交运营特性和纯电动汽车的技术特点,分析提出了初始指标体系,然后通过调查问卷收集了257位交通运输管理部门和公交企业专家的意见与建议,综合两轮调查意见优化指标内容,形成完整的指标体系.该指标体系分为动力性、经济性、安全性、舒适性、便捷性5个方面,包括加速时间、单位载质量能量消耗量、万公里当量故障率等14个指标.并利用实测数据、产品公告数据以及运行监测数据对部分指标进行试算.研究成果能够为公交运输企业、车辆生产厂家、车辆测评机构等开展纯电动公交车性能评价活动提供参考与借鉴,推动构建优胜劣汰的良好市场环境.     

基于熵权-TOPSIS模型的城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘综合评价

为深入了解城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘衔接的有效性,文章从换乘效率和换乘服务设施协调性两个维度构建城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘综合评价体系,建立熵权-TOPSIS模型对换乘综合水平进行评价,并对南宁城市轨道交通1号线与常规公交换乘进行实证分析。结果表明,熵权-TOPSIS评价模型在城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘综合评价上具有合理性和可行性。     

基于POI数据的上海市基础医疗设施可达性分析

社区卫生服务中心是我国最基本的医疗服务设施,其在空间上的分布代表着公共卫生服务设施的公平性。本文以百度兴趣点(POI)数据作为数据获取手段,有助于短时、且大量收集数据,并通过比较小汽车与常规公交两种出行方式的可达性,评价上海市社区卫生服务中心的布局合理性。结果显示,在城市空间上卫生服务中心的公交可达性远低于小汽车,对于使用公交出行的人群并不公平,未来在进行公交线路调整时,应该更多地考虑公交公平性,而非一味关注运行效率。     

Measuring the influence of bus service quality on the perception of users

Encouraging the use of public transport is a key policy goal in many countries. Therefore, public transport should offer the level of quality that accommodates the demands of current users, and importantly, the desires of potential users. This study investigates the influence of the perceived quality of bus service on the perception of both current and potential users. The study draws upon data from 512 questionnaires distributed across Belfast City in the UK. The study utilises a binary logistic regression model to quantify the relationships between the perceived quality of 29 bus indicators (independent) and the perceptions of users towards the overall bus service (dependent). Eleven significant indicators are reported to have significant influence on the perception of users. These indicators are utilised to propose scenarios for optimising the quality of bus service with the perceptions of current and potential users.     

Estimating the demand for urban bus travel

The disadvantages of conventional transportation study models, in particular their large data requirements and their weaknesses in dealing with changes in trip generation rates have led to a need for a simple model that can quickly and at low cost examine alternative public transport strategies.This paper investigates simple economic models of bus demand, examines alternative variables that can be used and discusses some alternative model forms. It demonstrates the results of a model using data from twelve urban bus operators in Britain and compares the results with those from other types of study. The model utilises fare and service quality elasticities to explain the decline in passengers on urban bus services, and derives an average elasticity with respect to fare changes of –0.31 and with respect to service quality changes of +0.62. It is estimated that fare rises accounted for 13% of the 43% decline in passengers over the last fifteen years, vehicle mileage reductions for 14.3% and that only 15.7% was due to such factors as rising car ownership which are often given as the cause of declining bus patronage.The results, by showing that passengers are far more sensitive to changes in service than they are to fare rises, are a useful guide to the broader public transport policy issues, and the paper concludes that the model does provide a useful method of forecasting public transport demand at a strategic level. Further work is needed, however, to establish more accurate forecasts for different types of passenger and studies are now being undertaken to establish these and to construct an operational forecasting model that can be applied with only limited data requirements     

Changing roles and new perspectives: towards market orientation in public transport

The general international trend of increasingly subjecting the public transport industry to market principles has been concretized via various developments in many countries. In line with this trend, there is an increased interest in public procurement processes as a model for public service delivery. Sweden is one of the leading countries where public procurement is the prevailing model for delivering public services. In accordance with the general trend, efforts have been made to make Sweden’s public transport more sensitive to passenger needs, and to stimulate a competitive public transport system. For instance, a new Act, which came into effect on 1 January 2012, is aimed at fostering a customer-centric public transport system, with increased role clarity for the public transport actors. Since market-oriented strategies and public procurement processes are both receiving increased interest from the public transport industry, the market orientation of both public authorities and service providers in Sweden’s public transport has been studied. Since market orientation is a process of change, a longitudinal approach was whereby the first study was conducted in the spring of 2011 and the second in the spring of 2014. All of Sweden’s public transport authorities and the service providers that they stated as their major contract holders were asked to participate. In total, 184 respondents participated in the studies. The findings show that the industry as a whole has increased its organizational and inter-organizational efforts to both acquire knowledge of and respond to passenger needs. In particular, the public service providers have increased their involvement in market-oriented activities.     

Perceived accessibility,mobility, and connectivity of public transportation systems

Although public transportation is considered effective at reducing the external cost of driving private vehicles, many urbanites do not use public transportation. This study develops measures employing accessibility, mobility, and seamless connectivity for an entire public transportation service chain as indicators for evaluating public transport services, prioritizes underperforming scenarios from the perspective of urban travelers, and derives various market segmentation strategies that consider different socio-demographic characteristics. A conceptual model is set up herein to assess these latent constructs that describe unobservable and immeasurable characteristics. As a Likert ordinal scale can generate misleading statistical inferences, the Rasch model is used to eliminate bias generated by an ordinal scale when measuring these three latent constructs separately. The Rasch model compares person parameters with item parameters, which are then subjected to logarithmic transformation along a logit scale so as to recognize specific difficulties of service scenarios that cannot be easily eliminated by certain urban travelers. The multidimensional Rasch model also measures the perceptions of urban travelers in terms of the interactions between accessibility, mobility, and seamless connectivity of this public transportation system. While comparing urban travelers of two large cities in Taiwan, Taipei and Kaohsiung, the empirical results demonstrate that perceived accessibility, mobility, and seamless connectivity differ based on travelers’ age, frequency of weekly sports activities, and environmental awareness. This paper also advances appropriate improvement strategies and provides policy suggestions for urban planners, public transportation service operation agencies, and policy makers when they seek to create user-friendly public transportation services. The proposed approach can be generalized in other cities by considering their local context uniqueness and further evaluating their public transport services.     

The limits of analyzing service quality data in public transport

In recent years, management and academics have increasingly focused on quality management in public transport. In particular, many public transport operators regularly monitor their service quality over time and use these data to assess quality performance (e.g., for performance-based quality contracts) and to determine managerial decisions (e.g., budget allocations for service improvements). However, despite the widespread applications of service quality data in practice, it is unclear whether cross-sectional analyses and cross-temporal comparisons of service quality data provide valid insights for quality management purposes. In this study, we investigate the usability of cross-sectional analyses and cross-temporal comparisons of service quality data by conducting an empirical study that tracked a panel’s perceptions of the service quality of public transport and its choice over the course of three consecutive years. The results demonstrate that cross-sectional analyses provide valid insights for quality management. However, cross-temporal comparisons should be interpreted carefully because the results of these comparisons are surprisingly unreliable. In fact, we find that service quality data do not provide reliable results over time and therefore conclude that cross-temporal comparisons of service quality data must be interpreted with caution for quality management in public transport.     

What influences satisfaction and loyalty in public transport? A review of the literature

Public transport ridership retention is a challenge for many cities. To develop comprehensive strategies aimed at retaining riders, it is necessary to understand the aspects of public transport that influence users to become loyal to the system. This paper analyses relevant literature regarding the causes of satisfaction and loyalty in public transport. We find that the service factors most associated with satisfaction are on-board cleanliness and comfort, courteous and helpful behaviour from operators, safety, as well as punctuality and frequency of service. On the other hand, loyalty is associated with users’ perceptions of value-for-money, on-board safety and cleanliness, interactions with personnel and the image and commitment to public transport that users feels. Furthermore, the results elucidate that the concept of loyalty is best defined based on users’ intentions to continue using the service, their willingness to recommend it to others, their overall satisfaction, but also and most importantly, their image of and involvement with public transport. Public transport users who have a positive image of the agency and consider public transport an integral component of city life are more likely to demonstrate loyalty and act like ambassadors for public transport agencies.     

Performance evaluation and obstacle factors analysis of urban public transport priority

ABSTRACT

Through the comprehensive consideration of four subsystems – overall development level, infrastructure construction, public transportation service level and policy support – an index system of public transport priority performance evaluation is established. A performance evaluation of bus priority implementation in Wuhan City from 2007 to 2016 is carried out by applying the difference coefficient CRITIC-TOPSIS model. The obstacle factor model is also used to diagnose the factors affecting the priority performance of urban public transport. The research results show that, during this decade, the comprehensive performance of Wuhan City’s public transport priority developed from poor to medium, then to good and finally to excellent. The overall development level and infrastructure construction performance subsystems have the highest obstacle degree, followed by public transportation service levels and policy support performance subsystems. The research idea and method of this paper provide a realistic basis for promoting the priority performance of urban public transport.     

Public transport demand: dynamic panel model analysis

This paper presents an original essay that explains the mobility behaviour towards the public transport supply in Tunisia. This research aims to determine the key variables affecting an individual’s decision to travel by public transport and explains how the use of these means fits the mobility strategies. The dynamic panel model is applied to twelve Tunisian Regional companies, where we aim to analyze the behaviours of Tunisian citizens in the regions where Regional Transport Companies ensure the total service supply of urban, interurban and suburban public transport of travellers. The results show that mobility behaviours are subject to various variables. In particular, service quality, mean price and active population are the most significant variables regarding public transport demand in Tunisia.     

An ontology-based framework to support performance monitoring in public transport systems

Managers of public transport systems have been facing for years the strategic challenge of maintaining high quality of transport services to improve the mobility of citizens, while reducing costs and ensuring safety and low environmental impact. A well-established way to evaluate the performance achieved by the system or by specific activities is to monitor Key Performance Indicators (KPI). However, existing management systems, which refer to flexible yet large and complex data models, provide a limited support to define and select relevant KPIs for the objectives at hand, and even the identification of whether and how the data model is capable to achieve a certain informative need is a critical and time-consuming task. This work is aimed to propose a framework to ease the development of a monitoring system in the public transport domain. The approach is based on the ontological representation of all the knowledge regarding indicators and their formulas, business objectives, dimension analysis and their relation with the Transmodel, the European reference data model for public transport information systems. On its top, a reasoning framework provides logic functionalities to interactively support designers in a set of common design tasks: the choice of the most suitable indicators for the performance monitoring needs at hand, the definition of new indicators and the identification of the minimal set of Transmodel modules needed to calculate them. A case study is included to discuss these applications, while an evaluation shows the feasibility of the approach.     

Level of public transport service evaluation: A fuzzy set approach

The success of any enterprise, in a market-oriented economy, depends upon it's quality. This paper describes the results of a survey of commuters on the quality of services and their relative weights, and of the attributes that determine the service level of bus transport undertakings. The model uses the theory of fuzzy sets to process the information obtained. A composite index, called level-of-public transport-service (LOPTS), is defined and used to measure the service qualities. This approach is presented with guidelines for rating the quality of services, fuzzy-set representations of the linguistic grades, definition of LOPTS and its use in a public transport quality data base. An example is presents how the approach can be employed to analyse data bases generated from a quality survey. This approach is compared with the numerical rating approach with single number representation.