400000 DWT大型矿砂船舾装设计及创新

全面总结了大型矿砂船锚台设计的改进、系泊布置的设计、舵系设计的改进、检验通道的设计、NAUT-OC要求的驾驶室门窗设计。阐述了大型矿砂船的舾装特点。     

移动自组网跨层设计：方法与难点

首先分析了跨层设计提出的背景,然后对文献中的跨层设计建议进行了分类,分为无线TCP的跨层设计、基于网络层的跨层设计和以链路层为核心的跨层设计三类,并综述了每一类的典型协议和算法。接着介绍了一个跨层设计框架,分析了其设计思路和实现方式。进而总结了跨层设计面临的难点,包括跨层设计理论研究、性能和代价的权衡、跨层设计建议的共存问题和三层以上跨层设计四个方面。     

舰船水幕系统设计方法研究

本文对舰船水幕系统设计方法展开研究,介绍了水幕系统耗水量计算、喷水量设计、分区设计、管路设计、系统阻力计算建模和优化设计等方法。采用共管设计减少了管路和喷头数量,降低了系统布置难度和重量,实现了水幕防护、洗消、降温和泡沫灭火系统集成优化设计。以某舰水幕系统为例,对系统进行设计和计算分析。提出优化调整措施,验证了设计方法的有效性。     

电子设备协同设计技术

从电子设备结构设计方面,介绍了结构设计的主要内容,分别描述了热设计技术与电磁兼容技术。以热设计技术与电磁兼容技术之间的协同设计为例,介绍了协同设计的内容,给出了热对流、热传导与电磁兼容协同设计的设计准则。简单介绍了结构设计中的其他协同设计内容。     

汽车后桥焊缝的快速设计方法

在汽车行业为了缩短设计周期、降低成本、制造出质高价廉的创新车型，提出了采用快速设计方法来完成汽车后桥的焊缝设计。在设计过程中，重新定义了焊缝长度，提出了后桥焊缝承载评价标准和变形控制评价标准。先对后桥进行数学建模，开展了后桥热弹塑性有限元分析，进行焊缝安全系数的校核和焊接变形预测。研究结果表明：采用快速设计法大大缩短了后桥焊缝设计周期，提高了设计效率，降低了产品的设计成本，同时保证了设计的可靠性。     

山区高速公路路基设计特点分析

介绍了山区高速公路路基设计的一般原则,从横断面型式的选择、特殊路基的设计方法、路基排水设计等方面对山区高速公路的路基设计特点进行了分析,并在如何兼顾技术、经济、环保等方面提出了一些设计建议。     

国际EPC交钥匙合同业主方的设计管理

文章给出了国际上工程设计阶段划分的方法;分析了国际EPC合同中关于业主对设计管理的惯例规定,包括设计范围、设计依据和技术标准、设计文件检查和审批、设计责任、竣工文件和操作维护手册编制和提交等;并讨论了业主方设计管理中的设计标准、设计责任、设计审批争议、设计文件的知识产权等关键问题.     

基于预防为主的舰船修理质量设计

通过进行质量管理总体方案设计、技术攻关方法和流程设计、文件质量保证方法设计、修理过程质量管控流程设计、修后质量验证方法设计等,成功构建了基于预防为主的舰船修理质量体系,取得了广义质量观应有的高质量低成本高效益成效,实现了广义质量观所要求的“质量是设计出来的”。     

基于精益造船的船舶生产设计管理流程研究

基于精益造船思想,分析研究了船舶生产设计前期准备、生产设计模型、生产设计图纸及设计变更和项目总结的管理流程,这些管理流程通过在多个船舶生产设计项目的实际应用,对船舶生产设计项目的设计进度、设计质量的控制提供可靠保障,取得了较好的综合效益,为船舶设计单位提高生产设计管理水平提供了有益的借鉴。     

基于统一关联模型的船舶总体设计平台研究

船舶设计的复杂性决定了在设计过程中必须经过大量反复的设计、分析、试验与评估,以验证设计结果的合理性,实现综合设计的优化。为满足船舶设计过程对设计、分析集成的需求,以知识工程作为指导思想提出了设计与分析的统一关联模型,以模板技术为开发思路形成了船舶总体设计平台体系架构,突破了相关关键技术,建立了船舶总体设计平台,并分析了平台的各功能模块,经过初步应用效果良好,对改变传统设计手段,提升设计效率具有重大意义。     

In Political Seas: Engaging with Political Ecology in the Ocean and Coastal Environment

The world’s oceans and coasts are awash in a sea of politics. The marine environment is increasingly busy, changing, and a site of degradation, marginalization, injustice, contestation and conflict over declining resources and occupied spaces at local to global scales. Themes of political ecology, such as power and politics, narratives and knowledge, scale and history, environmental justice and equity, are thus salient issues to understand in ocean and coastal governance and management. This subject review examines research on these themes of political ecology in the ocean and coastal environment and reflects on how the insights gained might be applied to governance and management. Political ecology provides important insights into: the influence of power in ocean management and governance processes; the manner in which narratives, knowledge, and scale are used to legitimize and shape policies and management efforts; the effects of historical trajectories on present circumstances, options, and practices; and the nature of inequities and environmental injustices that can occur in the marine environment. Moreover, ocean and coastal researchers, practitioners, and decision makers ought to engage with the political processes and injustices occurring in the ocean. Moving from critical insights to constructive engagements will ensure that political ecology helps to plant seeds of hope in the Anthropocene ocean.     

双鱼岛陆域高程确定的要素分析

双鱼岛作为离岸式城市综合开发类人工岛,岛上陆域高程是一个独立的系统,陆域高程的确定关系到规划、安全、护岸、景观、土方量和造价、防洪排涝、亲水性等。对人工岛填海造地期和使用期高程确定的主要因素进行论述,并整体介绍双鱼岛高程的变化趋势,对不同部位的高程确定进行分析,同时对工程安全性与景观的平衡、高程与上部规划的关系、高程与土方量及最优造价进行研究。研究成果可供类似工程的高程确定提供思路及参考。     

Part I: Externalities and economic policies in road transport

Road transport imposes negative externalities on society. These externalities include environmental and road damage, accidents, congestion, and oil dependence. The cost of these externalities to society is in general not reflected in the current market prices in the road transport sector.An efficient mobility model for the future must take into account the true costs of transport and its regulatory framework will need to create incentives for people to make sustainable transport choices. This paper discusses the use of economic instruments to correct road transport externalities, but gives relatively more weight to the problem of carbon emissions from road transport, as this is particularly challenging, given its global and long-term nature.Economics offers two types of instruments for addressing the problem of transport externalities: command-and-control and incentive-based policies.Command-and-control policies are government regulations which force consumers and producers to change their behaviour. They are the most widely used policy instruments. Examples include vehicle emission and fuel standards in the US as well as driving or parking restrictions in Singapore. The implementation cost of these instruments to the government is small. Although from an economic perspective these policies often fail to achieve an efficient market outcome, the presence of political constraints often make them the preferred option, in terms of feasibility and effectiveness.Economic theory shows how policies, which affect consumption and production incentives, can be used to achieve the optimal outcome in the presence of externalities. Incentive-based policies function within a new or an altered market. We first examine incentive-based policies, which cap the aggregate amount of the externality, such as carbon emissions, by allocating permits or rights to the emitters. The emitters are then free to trade their permits amongst them. The permit allocation mechanism is important-although market efficiency would be satisfied by an auction, political influences usually favour a proportional allocation based on historic emissions. We discuss EU ETS as an example of a cap-and-trade system, however, no such policy for CO₂ emissions in road transport has been implemented anywhere in the world to date.Fiscal instruments are, like command-and-control, widely used in road transport, because they are relatively cheap and simple to implement. They include the use of taxes and charges in order to bridge the gap between private and the social costs and, in principle, can lead to an efficient market solution. Registration, ownership, fuel, emissions, usage taxes, and parking and congestion charges have been implemented in many countries around the world. On the other side of the spectrum, subsidies can be given to those scrapping old cars and buying fuel-efficient vehicles. Some cities, such as London, have implemented congestion charges and many states in the United States have introduced high occupancy lanes. Other interesting possibilities include pay-as-you-drive insurance and other usage charges. However, the size and scope of taxes and subsidies are determined by governments, and because of their imperfect knowledge of the market the outcome is still likely to be inefficient.Governments have many effective economic instruments to create a sustainable road transport model. These instruments can be used separately or together, but their implementation will be necessary in the nearest future.     

储能系统在分布式发电中的应用

当今以风能、太阳能为代表的可再生能源,因其储量丰富、环境友好等特点,得到人们日益广泛的重视。基于可再生能源的分布式发电是可再生能源利用的一种主要方式,然而,由于可再生能源的间歇性,导致了分布式发电系统的稳定性、可靠性以及电能质量问题,在这种情况下,储能系统应运而生。本文介绍了蓄电池、超级电容、燃料电池以及飞轮等几种常见的储能技术,简要分析各自的工作原理,比较了它们之间的优缺点,并以蓄电池和超级电容为例,分析混合储能系统的构成方式,最后通过Buck/Boost双向变换器与直流母线相连接,给出了一系列适合于分布式发电系统的隔离型Buck/Boost双向变换器,并比较了它们之间的优缺点。     

滑模工艺预制沉箱的要点与难点

明确滑模工艺的优点，扼要说明滑模设计、组成与安装。将滑模滑升作为要点，将混凝土配合比、变截面滑模制作、滑升模板的吊装、混凝土缺陷处理和混凝土保湿养护作为难点，分别指出质量细节控制参数及其范围、施工管理方法及其措施。应从施工总结、保障措施、统一指挥和隐患排查等方面落实管控，以保证功效。     

一种投射式救生装置的设计

本文详细介绍了一种投射式救生装置的总体结构及其工作原理。该装置由瞄准模块、动力模块、弹头模块和发射模块组成,重点介绍了瞄准模块和弹头模块的设计组成。瞄准模块由激光测距模块、风向风速传感器、电子罗盘、倾角传感器、控制运算模块、LCD液晶显示屏及电源模块组成,通过运算控制模块将各个仪器测量的数据进行运算处理,得出合适的角度进行投射,保证了救生设备的精确度。弹头模块由充气式救生气囊、高压CO2小气瓶、触发装置等部件组成,给落水人员提供浮力。整个系统通过试验,运行可靠,使用方便。     

基于有限元法的海上吊装运输船起重机设计与分析

设计了最大起吊重量为460t、最大起吊高度为100m的海上风电吊装运输专用船起重机,综合运用结构单元、实体单元、连接单元和约束方程,建立了包括人字架、吊臂、回转转台部件的柔体有限元模型,并进行了典型工况下起重机力学性能有限元分析,找出设计缺陷并进行改进设计,最后对改进的起重机进行强度、刚度和屈曲分析。     

The Indian dry ports sector, pricing policies and opportunities for public-private partnerships

At the time of writing (2010), the world is witnessing the aftermath of the most severe financial sector meltdown in modern economic history caused by the real estate bubble in the United States. Its consequences on the real economy, especially in Europe, are yet to be fathomed, and this of course includes the longer-term impacts on international ocean transportation, ports and the distribution of global production.The economic recession has left the international shipping and port sectors with substantial overcapacity. This has resulted in drastic cost cutting measures on the one hand, and voluntary, often consensual, and coordinated reduction of supply on the other. These measures, together with a noticeable recovery in demand, are gradually leading again to improvement in prices charged by carriers and other transport service providers.In view of the country’s expanse; size of population; and regional inequalities, India’s dry ports (inland cargo consolidation and distribution centres) are seen by the government as a pivot of export-led growth and economic development (Haralambides & Gujar, 2011). Moreover, public and private sectors alike see the coordinated development of dry ports as the only way forward in terms of easing pressures at congested coastal ports, thus improving supply chain efficiency. In spite of this, dry port development and operations are still dominated by the public sector, under prices, capacity, land acquisition policies and other conditions that make private sector participation risky and comparatively unattractive. In order to rationalize dry port capacity and prices, this paper argues in favour of greater devolution through competition-enhancing Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). The paper puts forward recommendations for the necessary legal, regulatory and general economic policy interventions based on international best practice, while keeping Indian specificities in the right perspective.     

龙溪口航电枢纽防护区运行安全智能管控系统研究

针对传统防护区运行安全管理以人工为主、信息利用低、动态评估预警缺失等问题，结合龙溪口航电枢纽防护区运行安全管理的主要问题和需求，以创新运行管理模式、强化信息互联共享、提升智能管控水平为目标，构建集数据在线辨识、涝情监控预测、安全实时诊断、风险动态评估、预警响应决策于一体的多层次系统结构，提出涝情实时监控、涝情风险评估、防洪堤安全分析与风险评估等核心功能模块的实现路径和技术要求。研究成果可为全面提升龙溪口航电枢纽防护区防灾减灾能力和安全保障水平提供技术支撑。     

基于图像LSB的隐藏检测算法研究

文章研究了RS（Regular Groups and Singular Groups）、QRS（Quadratic RS Steganalysis）和IRS（仅R）（Improved RS by OnlyRegular Groups）三种图像隐藏检测算法,并提出了一种将QRS和IRS（仅R）算法思想相结合的改进算法,即QRS（仅R）。通过大量图像的仿真表明：该算法相比于RS、QRS、IRS（仅R）算法,在检测率、估计精度和检测时间上均有所改善,改善的相对值分别高达17%、30%和38%。该算法对各种LSB（Least Signification Bit）隐藏算法均能有效检测,是一种简单实用的隐写分析算法。