航标失常的原因分析与控制

航标维护正常率是考核评定航标维护管理工作的重要技术指标之一。文章分析了广西内河航标失常的特点与原因,探讨了提高航标维护正常率的有效途径,提出采用多手段监控管理模式是提高航道航标管理工作质量的有效途径和科学方法。     

基于AIS技术谈如何加强航标管理

数字化航海技术快速发展背景下,对航海领域中技术的应用提出更高的要求。以AIS技术应用为例,被广泛用于航海领域中,特别其中AIS航标可发挥重要作用。本次研究将对AIS技术做简单介绍,分析当前AIS技术航标遥测遥控系统应用问题,最后提出AIS技术航标管理相关建议。     

航标遥控遥测系统技术应用初探

目前航标遥控遥测系统的应用正被日益推广,成为河、海交通安全保障体系的重要组成部分,但其应用还不成熟,存在一些问题。文章结合航标遥控遥测系统在广西贵港至梧州Ⅱ级航道工程中的应用实践,对航标遥控遥测系统技术应用存在的问题行进分析,并提出了针对性的改进建议。     

加大技术创新力度,提高航标维护管理质量

文章针对广西内河助航标现状,提出加大技术创新,对航标进行技改的思路。并对应用现有技术建设广西内河航标自动遥测系统进行探讨,为提高航标维护管理质量提供参考。     

航标,一个新的起点正在到来

<正>顺着雄伟码头和进出货轮的方向往远处看,那海上树立着一座座默默无闻的白天,它用色彩引导船舶安全航行;夜晚,它用闪烁的光源指引航海人前方的路。另一种航标,它伫立在彼岸,划破浓雾的光是对每个经过的航人屹立不变的爱。歌里唱,你是灯塔,照耀着黎明前的海洋。作为船舶在海上安全航行的"眼睛",干百年来,航标为人类水上活动提供着重要保障。有人说,航标管理水平的不断提升是实现我国"海洋强国"梦的基础。     

内河航标遥控遥测管理初探

文章结合航标遥控遥测技术在贵梧Ⅱ级航道工建设中的应用实践,分析了航标遥控遥测应用管理遇到的主要问题,并提出建立有效的运行管理制度、加强人才的培养和引进、做好系统软硬件的维护管理、加强实时监控的技术管理和深化应用管理等充分发挥航标遥控遥测技术效能的有效措施。     

提高航道航标管理工作质量的有效途径与方法

文章以西南水运出海通道工程为项目背景,从内河航标失常角度出发,探寻其具体成因,包括船排碰撞、自然灾害、水位变化、恶劣天气与工况及人为破坏与盗窃等,由此提出适用于保障航标维护正常率的可行途径,创建多维度监控管理模式,以期推动航道航标管理工作的开展。     

航标遥控遥测系统异常分析与控制

文章结合航标遥控遥测技术在航标维护工作中的应用实践,对系统维护管理中出现的异常原因进行了分析,并提出了控制、处理异常的具体措施。     

完善公路网络 拓展服务能力——沿海公路管理局抢抓机遇全力推进公路事业科学发展

近年来,南宁航道管理局不断加强教育管理,提高航道航标维护管理水平和服务质量,以争创一流业绩,树立良好形象,积极打造安全、畅通、便捷的“黄金水路”为目标：以强化航道航标维护、航道行政管理,提高服务态度、服务质量为重点：以创建文明行业、军（警）民共建、全国文明单位为载体;     

能源发展“十二五”规划

<正>前言能源是人类生存和发展的重要物质基础,攸关国计民生和国家安全。推动能源生产和利用方式变革,调整优化能源结构,构建安全、稳定、经济、清洁的现代能源产业体系,对于保障我国经济社会可持续发展具有重要战略意义。     

About the possibilities of using the renewable energy power sources on railway transport

Several electrification systems based on renewable energy power sources (first of all, solar energy) are discussed in respect to their applicability to railway transport and, in particular, to suburban electric trains. Two systems are considered with basic technical details and economic estimation, both including the onboard bank of batteries and the photovoltaic converters (PVC) of solar energy for compensation of energy expenses, which could be positioned either on stations or on wagon's roofs. Sun‐tracking systems and their effect on the solar energy conversion efficiency are discussed in application to stationary and moving PVC platforms. An analysis made shows that introduction of the “green” systems discussed will not only have positive ecological impact, but also can bring a notable economical effect even with today's components, while it could be considerably greater with the usage of new PVCs, which are being developed by the authors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

太阳能光伏技术在高速公路中的应用探讨

文章通过在郑州石人山高速公路监控系统设计中应用太阳能光伏技术的工程实例,介绍太阳能光伏发电的特点和太阳能光伏系统的计算方法,并对其成本及存在问题做简要的分析,探讨太阳能光伏技术在公路建设领域的应用前景。     

Assessing the financial value of real-time energy trading services for privately owned non-commercial electric vehicles

Real-time energy trading services for privately owned non-commercial electric vehicles are characterized by an e-vehicle provider, by a provider of energy trading skills and technology, and by the fact that the latter manages (dis-)charging of the e-vehicle of the former with real-time energy prices. We conduct a simulation study to present a comprehensive assessment of the financial value of such services. Such an assessment is required in order to provide policymakers with guidance on if and how real-time trading services can serve as a tool to incentivize e-vehicle ownership. We propose a fully reproducible simulation model of the value creation process of real-time trading services, and use the model to assess services with a range of e-vehicle provider characteristics as well as with a range of technology setups. Our empirical results show that all considered real-time trading services are able to create significant energy cost savings, and that overall cost savings strongly depend on technology characteristics, surcharge rate, as well as on the e-vehicle provider's commute, household size, and office hours. We show that services including solar energy generation have the largest economic potential but do not necessarily maximize renewable energy deployment with residential households. We conclude with recommendations for policymakers on how to tap the full economic potential of real-time trading services for stimulating the adoption of e-vehicles.     

浅析高速公路供配电节能技术

供配电系统是高速公路中的重要组成部分,近年来随着我国高速公路建设的迅速发展,供配电系统的电力支出费用越来越大。高速公路的供配电节能技术既要保证公路电力设施的安全性又要保证其节能性,文章针对我国高速公路供配电系统的运营现状,分析供配电节能技术,希望可以有效促进我国高速公路经济效益的增长。     

Smart charging management for shared autonomous electric vehicle fleets: A Puget Sound case study

Increasingly, experts are forecasting the future of transportation to be shared, autonomous and electric. As shared autonomous electric vehicle (SAEV) fleets roll out to the market, the electricity consumed by the fleet will have significant impacts on energy demand and, in turn, drive variation in energy cost and reliability, especially if the charging is unmanaged. This research proposes a smart charging (SC) framework to identify benefits of active SAEV charging management that strategically shifts electricity demand away from high-priced peak hours or towards renewable generation periods. Time of use (TOU), real time pricing (RTP), and solar generation electricity scenarios are tested using an agent-based simulation to study (1) the impact of battery capacity and charging infrastructure type on SAEV fleet performance and operational costs under SC management; (2) the cost reduction potential of SC considering energy price fluctuation, uncertainty, and seasonal variation; (3) the charging infrastructure requirements; and (4) the system efficiency of powering SAEVs with solar generation. A case study from the Puget Sound region demonstrates the proposed SC algorithm using trip patterns from the regional travel demand model and local energy prices. Results suggest that in the absence of electricity price signals, SAEV charging demand is likely to peak the evening, when regional electricity use patterns already indicate high demand. Under SC management, EVs with larger battery sizes are more responsive to low-electricity cost charging opportunities, and have greater potential to reduce total energy related costs (electricity plus charging infrastructure) for a SAEV fleet, especially under RTP structure.     

Multi-objective optimization of train routing problem combined with train scheduling on a high-speed railway network

Based on train scheduling, this paper puts forward a multi-objective optimization model for train routing on high-speed railway network, which can offer an important reference for train plan to provide a better service. The model does not only consider the average travel time of trains, but also take the energy consumption and the user satisfaction into account. Based on this model, an improved GA is designed to solve the train routing problem. The simulation results demonstrate that the accurate algorithm is suitable for a small-scale network, while the improved genetic algorithm based on train control (GATC) applies to a large-scale network. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters is performed to obtain the ideal parameters; a perturbation analysis shows that the proposed method can quickly handle the train disturbance.     

冷再生技术在公路养护中的应用

2005年国道202线大修改造工程中应用了冷再生技术,取得良好的效果。这一新技术在公路养护、改造工作中充分发挥作用,不仅能节约能源,降低工程造价,提高公路养护质量,而且科学环保。文章介绍了冷再生材料的工程性质和施工控制方法,为类似工程提供参考。     

Sensitivity analysis for energy demand estimation of electric vehicles

We present a sensitivity analysis for a mechanical model, which is used to estimate the energy demand of battery electric vehicles. This model is frequently used in literature, but its parameters are often chosen incautiously, which can lead to inaccurate energy demand estimates. We provide a novel prioritization of parameters and quantify their impact on the accuracy of the energy demand estimation, to enable better decision making during the model parameter selection phase. We furthermore determine a subset of parameters, which has to be defined, in order to achieve a desired estimation accuracy. The analysis is based on recorded GPS tracks of a battery electric vehicle under various driving conditions, but results are equally applicable for other BEVs. Results show that the uncertainty of vehicle efficiency and rolling friction coefficient have the highest impact on accuracy. The uncertainty of power demand for heating and cooling the vehicle also strongly affects the estimation accuracy, but only at low speeds. We also analyze the energy shares related to each model component including acceleration, air drag, rolling and grade resistance and auxiliary energy demand. Our work shows that, while some components make up a large share of the overall energy demand, the uncertainty of parameters related to these components does not affect the accuracy of energy demand estimation significantly. This work thus provides guidance for implementing and calibrating an energy demand estimation based on a longitudinal dynamics model.     

Assessment of energy-saving techniques in direct-current-electrified mass transit systems

Railway rapid transit systems are key stones for the sustainability of mass transit in developed countries. The overwhelming majority of these railway systems are direct-current (DC) electrified and several energy-saving techniques have been proposed in the literature for these systems. The use of regenerative-braking in trains is generally recognised as the main tool to improve the efficiency of DC-electrified mass transit railway systems but the energy recovered in braking cannot always be handled efficiently, above all in low traffic-density situations. Several emerging technologies as energy storage systems or reversible traction substations have the potential for making it possible to efficiently use train-braking. However, a systematic evaluation of their effect is missing in the literature.In this paper, a deep, rigorous and comprehensive study on the factors which affect energy issues in a DC-electrified mass transit railway system is carried out. This study clarifies what the actual potential is for energy saving in each situation. Then, a methodology to asses several energy-saving techniques to improve energy efficiency in DC-electrified mass transit systems is presented, constituting the main contribution of this paper. This methodology has been conceived to help operators in assessing the effect of railway-infrastructure emerging technologies in transit systems, so making it possible to shape planning, capacity, etc. It is stepped out in three basic movements. First of all, a traffic-density scan analysis is conducted in order to clarify the effect of the headway on system behaviour. Secondly, several traffic-density scenarios are simulated for a set of infrastructure-expanded cases. Finally, annual energy saving is evaluated by applying a realistic operation timetable. This methodology has been applied to a case study in Madrid Metro (Spain) to illustrate the steps of its application and the effect of several energy-saving techniques on this specific system. Results confirm that regenerative braking generally leads to an important increase of system energy efficiency – especially at high traffic-density scenarios. It has also been proved that infrastructure improvements can also contribute to energy savings and their contributions are more significant at low traffic densities. Annual energy results have been obtained, which may lead to investment decisions by carrying out an appropriate economic assessment based on cost analysis.The main results of the study presented here are likely to apply to other electric traction systems, at least qualitatively.