微型客车与SUV之间的侧面碰撞兼容性

微型客车与运动型多用途汽车(SUV)之间发生侧面碰撞时,导致被撞车车内的乘员伤亡率很大,兼容性突出。本文以某微型客车和SUV为例,采用仿真研究方法,发现SUV与目标车微型客车之间的侧面碰撞兼容性不理想。然后利用单一变量控制原理,分别改变两车质量比﹑目标车侧围刚度以及几何结构,进行了多组仿真分析,以研究侧面碰撞兼容性的影响因素。结果表明:两车质量比对B柱腰线处的最大侵入速度的影响最大,侧围刚度对B柱侵入量的影响最大,几何结构对目标车车门最大侵入量的影响最大。     

基于大壁障侧碰和75°侧柱碰的车身耐撞性和乘员损伤研究

基于侧面碰撞对乘员损伤的严重性,运用试验法和仿真法对某车型的侧面碰撞性能和乘员损伤进行研究。通过对车身侧面结构变形、速度响应、乘员损伤情况进行分析,得出了大壁障侧碰和75°侧柱碰的碰撞特性,并提出了B柱、前后门、门槛梁的优化方案。结果表明:相较于MDB壁障侧碰和90°侧柱碰,大壁障侧碰和75°侧柱碰对车身耐撞性提出了更高的要求,对前后排乘员造成了更严重的损伤。通过对侧面车身结构的优化,有效地降低了车身各部位的侵入量和侵入速度,增大了乘员的生存空间,提升了车身安全性。     

汽车侧面碰撞侧围结构可靠性优化设计

为研究侧围部件对整车侧面碰撞的影响,选取B柱内板、加强板、车门内板和防撞杆的厚度作为设计变量,结合试验设计、响应面模型、可靠性理论及优化算法,构建侧碰侧围结构可靠性优化数学模型,对侧围结构进行确定性与可靠性优化,并进行对比分析。分析结果表明:两种优化方法都能提高侧碰安全性,但确定性优化使得B柱最大侵入速度十分接近约束边界,相比于确定性优化,可靠性优化使得B柱最大侵入速度有所减小,吸能量有所增加,车门最大侵入速度减小3.1%,且各输出响应均远离约束边界值,B柱与车门最大侵入速度的可靠度提升了26.6%和10.5%,满足设计要求。故可靠性优化更能满足整车侧碰侧围结构耐撞性及可靠性要求。     

车辆正面碰撞中的耐撞性能仿真分析

为了评价汽车在正面碰撞事故中耐撞性能,应用HyperWorks仿真软件建立了车辆正面100%碰撞有限元模型。后处理利用HyperView对B柱下端加速度、A柱上部最大折弯角、前围板侵入量以及前门铰链变形量4项重要评价指标进行仿真分析,以此评估正面碰撞中车体的耐撞性能。结果表明:B柱下端最大加速度小于3ms合成加速度72g的要求,A柱上部最大折弯角对乘员伤害程度在允许范围内,前围板变形云图小范围超出目标值,前门铰链变形量不影响碰撞后车门的正常开启,车体耐撞性能良好。类比2017年C-NCAP实车正面碰撞结果,表明仿真试验具有较高的可信性,为车体耐撞性优化设计提供依据。     

汽车侧面碰撞法规发展趋势研究

汽车侧面碰撞安全法规的制定对于提高汽车碰撞安全性能具有十分重要的作用,对汽车耐撞性能提出更高要求,从而降低了侧碰事故中乘员受重伤和致命伤害的风险。从我国第一部侧碰法规的提出,到如今更高标准的2018版C-NCAP规程的问世,汽车侧碰安全测试标准不断提升,使得车体侧面结构的吸能和传力设计也面临新的考验,对汽车侧碰安全性能的提升产生了深远的影响。     

某款SUV小重叠偏置碰撞结构耐撞性研究

某款SUV车型进行IIHS规程25%重叠偏置碰撞试验评价等级为"较差",采用理论、计算机辅助工程(Computer Aided Engineering,CAE)和试验相结合的方式对其结构耐撞性进行改进分析研究。分析探讨了小重叠偏置碰撞中载荷传递路径和能量传递情况,通过建立有限元模型模拟碰撞过程,CAE仿真和试验结果吻合较好。结合理论分析确定改进策略和方案,对改进方案进行仿真分析,仿真结果显示车辆的车体变形程度和乘员舱侵入量明显减小,改进方案的评价等级提升至"良好"。根据实车情况采用最优方案进行试验验证,最终获得"良好"评级,对于小重叠偏置碰撞结构耐撞性能开发具有较好的指导作用。     

某A级车基于2018CNCAP侧面碰撞性能改进

根据2018CNCAP草案及2012CNCAP,进行某A级车侧面碰撞性能的对比分析,通过侧面结构的侵入量、侵入速度的对比分析,明确该车型2018CNCAP侧碰性能水平。并结合CAE分析及试验结果,进行相关性分析,在相关性良好的整车模型基础上,开展基于侧面结构及材料的优化设计,确保乘员生存空间及乘员舱侵入速度满足项目要求。     

基于拼焊技术的轿车B柱耐撞性及结构优化设计

为提高某轿车侧面碰撞中B柱的耐撞性和实现整车轻量化,应用HyperMesh和LS-Dyna软件对该轿车B柱进行了碰撞仿真分析.针对碰撞中B柱对应胸部点的侵入量和侵入速度过大及质量大等问题,在兼顾耐撞性和轻量化的前提下,采用拼焊技术对B柱内板和加强板的结构进行了优化设计.试验结果表明,优化设计后的B柱最大侵入量减少13.0％,最大侵入速度减少38.8％,质量减轻5.8％.     

泡沫铝填充门槛横梁改善汽车侧碰安全性研究

汽车发生侧面碰撞时,主要通过车门结构件、门槛横梁、底板、B柱等结构件进行能量传递或自身的变形来吸收碰撞能。合理的侧面结构和新材料应用,是提高汽车侧碰安全的有效途径。基于泡沫铝材料在静压和冲击状态下的特性研究,将泡沫铝复合结构优化后填充到门槛横梁中,在不同速度下进行有限元模型碰撞仿真分析,对优化后车身与原车的侵入量和加速度峰值进行对比,研究泡沫铝复合结构在不同速度碰撞下改善汽车抵抗碰撞的效果。结果显示,泡沫铝复合结构在3种速度碰撞中均达到了较好的减少侵入量和降低加速度峰值的效果。     

高强度钢对车体侧面抗撞性影响的研究

对一汽某轿车侧面碰撞安全性进行研究,确定了车体侧部高强度钢板的位置分布和特性分配,进行了仿真分析和整车碰撞试验,使其满足国家标准,并总结出高强度钢板对车体侧面抗撞性的影响,为进一步深入研究整车侧撞特性奠定了基础.     

燃料电池轿车碰撞安全性仿真研究

针对某一由普通轿车改装的氢燃料电池轿车,利用非线性有限元分析软件LS-DYNA,对其正面、侧面及后面碰撞进行仿真,分析了该燃料电池轿车相对于其原型车在碰撞安全性方面的变化,以及其部分高危零部件在碰撞中的表现,并做了相应的改进设计。最后总结出改装型燃料电池汽车在不同的工况下相对其原型车的碰撞安全性的变化趋势,为燃料电池轿车碰撞安全性设计以及相关法规的制定提供了依据。     

小偏置碰撞评分原则解析及结构优化策略

中国汽车工程研究院与中国保险行业协会联合发布"中国保险汽车安全指数测评规程",其中小偏置碰撞尤为引人关注,如何提高车辆小偏置碰撞工况的等级评定降低保费是主机厂当前的首要任务。通过对小偏置碰撞工况的评分原则进行详细介绍和解析,并以试验结果为依据,研究得出车体结构对小偏置碰撞整体等级评定起决定作用,驾驶员在此工况下下肢受伤残风险最高。为研究应对小偏置碰撞的车体结构,以某款SUV车型仿真结果为基础,详细介绍小偏置碰撞工况下车体变形特点,同时结合理论分析,提出三类优化方案,并对其进行优缺点说明,这三类优化方案为车身设计提供导向作用。针对该车型选择第二类优化方案,车体结构等级评定由"较差"提升为"优秀"。     

正面碰撞中假人伤害分析及安全性改进研究

论文了研究了正面碰撞中假人的运动过程及头部、颈部、胸部与下肢部位的伤害机理与考核指标,这些指标反映了车身碰撞特性、乘员约束系统特性及两者间的匹配这三个方面的综合性能,并针对车身耐撞性能、车身B柱曲线特性及转向系统、安全带与气囊等约束系统对假人的伤害影响进行了详细的分析。基于上述分析对一款新开发车型的安全性现状进行分析并逐步做出改进方案。通过零部件试验、滑车试验及实车验证试验证明分析及改进方案的有效性,本研究对车型开发设计及安全性能改进具有一定的指导意义。     

浅谈新双积分法规下乘用车降油耗方案研究

乘用车燃油经济性是评价车辆性能的重要指标,通常以在一定循环行驶试验工况下,行驶100km所消耗燃油升数(单位为L/100km)作为评价指标。影响乘用车燃油经济性的因素很多,文章以公司某在研SUV为例,通过仿真及转鼓油耗测试手段,在保证车辆驾驶体验体验前提下,研究如何降低整车燃油经济性。     

Modelling and analysis of the crush zone of a typical Australian passenger train

In this paper, a three-dimensional nonlinear rigid body model has been developed for the investigation of the crashworthiness of a passenger train using the multibody dynamics approach. This model refers to a typical design of passenger cars and train constructs commonly used in Australia. The high-energy and low-energy crush zones of the cars and the train constructs are assumed and the data are explicitly provided in the paper. The crash scenario is limited to the train colliding on to a fixed barrier symmetrically. The simulations of a single car show that this initial design is only applicable for the crash speed of 35 km/h or lower. For higher speeds (e.g. 140 km/h), the crush lengths or crush forces or both the crush zone elements will have to be enlarged. It is generally better to increase the crush length than the crush force in order to retain the low levels of the longitudinal deceleration of the passenger cars.     

混合动力客车侧面耐撞性分析

建立东风EQ6110HEV6混合动力客车和某MPV有限元模型,基于美国公共交通协会(APTA)对侧面碰撞要求,联合HyperWorks和LS-DYNA软件建立了混合动力客车与MPV侧面碰撞的有限元模型,仿真计算了MPV以40km/h的速度从侧面90°撞击该混合动力客车。以该混合动力客车结构变形、各测点加速度值、乘员生存空间侵入量为评价指标,分析了该混合动力客车侧面耐撞性能,为客车碰撞安全性的判定提供参考。     

蒙皮对客车侧面碰撞仿真精度的影响

建立某大客车无蒙皮的客车骨架有限元模型和附带侧围及顶盖蒙皮的有限元模型,对该车与货车的侧面碰撞进行仿真分析.结果表明,在客车侧面碰撞过程中,蒙皮起到了加强整车结构耐撞性和缓冲吸收部分碰撞能量的作用.因此,为提高客车侧面碰撞仿真结果的精确度和可信度,不应忽略蒙皮的影响.     

Empirical analysis on the effect of design variables of automotive seat lumbar support on the initial sitting discomfort

An empirical analysis was performed in order to examine whether the height of the lumbar support installed on the driver’s seat in a vehicle makes a difference to the initial discomfort when sitting, and among the design variables of the seat lumbar support, which one is the main variable that affects the initial discomfort most when sitting. The subjects who participated in this study were 50^th percentile male in their 30s and 40s from Korea and America, had driving experience, and had not experienced any back pain in the last 12 months. In order to figure out the level of discomfort felt by a driver depending on the movement or the shapes of the lumbar support, subjective sensibility evaluation was conducted and sitting body pressure was measured, and the change of lumbar spine angle was observed using X-ray image. Based on the results, design variables that affect the initial discomfort when sitting on a car seat and the correlation among these design variables were verified through statistical significance testing. The empirical analysis suggested that, among design variables of car seat lumbar support, the degree of prominence is the main variable that affects the initial discomfort when sitting for both Koreans and Americans, while the height and support width have very little to do with it.     

某乘用车侧面碰撞安全性仿真分析

为研究某乘用车型在发生侧面碰撞时是否满足国家安全标准,以有限元仿真为基础,对该乘用车进行侧面碰撞安全性分析.首先搭建整车侧面碰撞模型并设置计算参数;然后将模型的k文件导入到LS-DYNA软件中进行仿真计算;最后利用后处理软件观察整车碰撞时序图及B柱的变形模式,并参照国家侧面碰撞相关法规,发现该乘用车型存在B柱侵入量及侵...     

Analysis of neck fractures from frontal collisions at low speeds

Neck fracture is a major cause of death in traffic accidents. This pattern of injury normally occurs in a frontal collision or overturn of a vehicle. This study investigates the case of a neck fracture from a low-speed collision. In the examined case, the passenger in the front seat of the car fractured his neck and died. He did not have his seatbelt on when the vehicle slipped on a frozen road surface on a downward slope of a hill and impacted into the shoulder of the road at low speed. In this type of collision, an occupant’s body will be impacted by the windshield or other interior trim of the car. However, in this case, rather unusually, neither body tissue nor fiber remained although the collision involved a broken windshield. Thus, the reason for the passenger death was unidentified. This study applied the computer simulation package Madymo for analyzing the accident. The result of the simulation was that the passenger, who did not wear a seatbelt, moved forward due to inertia. The upper part of the passenger then rotated and lifted when the knee contacted with the dashboard. By evaluating the structural deformation of the vehicle at the front, we deduced that the collision velocity was 30 km/h. Through a computational experiment that was undertaken using Madymo 7.0, NIC was estimated to be 240 m²/s². This result far exceeded the threshold for neck injuries. In particular, in comparison with whiplash injuries, when the passenger’s head directly impacts the roof following a rear-end collision, the bending moment through hyperextension of the neck is greatly increased. In this study, we concluded that the manner of death was the hyperextension of the neck, as the passenger’s head contacted the roof from underneath.