柔性立管阻力特性试验数据处理技术

本文提出3种数据处理方法分析均匀来流中柔性立管的初始阻力特性。首先通过分析柔性立管在均匀来流中的变形及振动情况,分离出立管流向的初始变形对应的弯曲应变。根据复杂梁的弯曲变形理论,建立起弯曲应变与平均阻力之间的微分方程。随后,针对试验中获取的立管轴向力及立管表面弯曲应变,提出计算平均阻力的数据处理方法,并进行算例验证与分析。最终使用提出的数据处理方法分析试验数据,得到立管表面各截面处的阻力分布。     

阶梯来流下流速对细长柔性立管涡激振动的参数分析

涡激振动是深海立管结构设计的关键,基于开源Open FOAM平台自主开发出细长柔性立管涡激振动流固耦合的求解器viv-FOAM-SJTU.以标准算例为基础,研究在阶梯状来流作用下,不同来流流速对细长柔性立管涡激振动的影响.数值模拟的立管长细比L/D=469,质量比为3.0,立管的下端45%的长度被置于均匀来流中,剩余部分被置于静水中.考察的均匀来流的有3种,分别为U=0.2、0.4、0.6 m/s,其中流速为0.6 m/s的情况与Francisco的标准实验一致.数值计算结构显示流速的变化会导致立管的泻涡频率发生变化,进而影响立管的振动频率,流速越高立管振动模态也越高.     

柔性立管涡激振动响应轨迹特性研究

为了深入研究细长柔性立管的涡激振动响应特性,进行了柔性立管的拖曳水池试验。由拖车拖动立管产生相对来流,根据应变测试得到的应变数据,基于模态叠加法得到位移响应。试验分析前,通过数值方法先针对刚性立管的涡激振动响应轨迹特性进行了分析。紧接着,通过试验方法对柔性立管的单模态以及多模态涡激振动响应轨迹特性进行了深入的分析和讨论。通过分析发现:柔性立管在低速下具有与刚性立管类似的轨迹响应特性,均呈现经典的8字形状;柔性立管在高速下,其轨迹开始变得混乱,这主要是由位移的多模态响应特性所产生。     

剪切流下海洋立管涡激振动的三维数值模拟

对1根长为9.68 m的三维海洋立管涡激振动现象进行流固耦合模拟,立管的长径比为482,来流为剪切流。通过在立管长度方向上施加一固定的顶部预紧力,来更好地控制立管变形。三维粘性、不可压缩流体场采用非稳态的N-S方程和k-ω湍流模型进行三维CFD数值模拟,固体场采用基于三维实体单元的有限元方法进行模拟,通过一种新的方法 System Coupling实现流-固耦合交界面的数据交换。模拟结果与均匀流模拟结果相似,反映了多模态的振动特性,说明这种方法有一定的可行性。立管脱落呈现多种涡结构模式,稳定后呈"2S"。立管出现大的非对称弯曲变形现象,介于1阶模态和2阶模态之间转换,最终锁定在2阶模态。     

涡激振动影响下细长海洋结构物的阻力特性

利用柔性圆柱体涡激振动水池模型试验对细长海洋结构物发生涡激振动时的阻力特性进行研究。利用试验测得的圆柱体模型顺流向平均弯曲应变,结合梁复杂弯曲理论,计算出模型各截面处的平均阻力,获得沿模型轴向分布的阻力系数,分析涡激振动影响下细长海洋结构物阻力系数的变化特性。研究结论表明:均匀流下细长海洋结构物的阻力为非均布载荷,涡激振动对阻力系数具有放大效应,导致阻力系数在1.4~2.5之间变化。     

非粘结柔性立管静态分析

海洋柔性立管因材料和结构上的复杂性在设计分析中存在许多技术难题。本文在变形能原理和能量守恒的基础上,推导出了柔性立管各层的刚度矩阵。将各层刚度矩阵进行叠加,得到柔性立管总体刚度矩阵,并用总体刚度矩阵求解静载荷作用下立管变形响应。同时基于ABAQUS软件建立八层非粘结柔性立管有限元模型,并将有限元计算结果和刚度矩阵计算结果进行比较。结果分析表明：运用推导得到的刚度矩阵求解静态载荷下立管的变形是一种简便且准确的方法。     

深水立管涡激振动非线性响应及疲劳分析

对于深水立管,研究其在均匀流作用下,考虑流固耦合时的涡激非线性动力响应及疲劳损伤分析。采用有限元方法,建立立管模型。计算均匀流产生的升力时,考虑流体速度与立管之间的相对速度。利用Newmark-β法对立管进行时域内的涡激响应分析,同时通过幅值谱对立管进行频域内的分析,得到涡激振动的主要模态。     

振荡来流下柔性立管涡激振动响应特性试验研究

在顶部浮体的带动下,悬链线立管的动力响应会诱发其周围产生相对来流,而这种振荡来流将激励立管悬垂段产生“间歇性”的涡激振动。文章在海洋工程水池中对不同最大约化速度URmax、KC数组合下的振荡来流作用下的柔性立管开展模型试验研究,利用光纤应变片测量模型的涡激振动响应。结合模态分析与小波变换对试验数据进行分析,讨论并总结了最大约化速度URmax以及KC数对涡激振动位移幅值响应特性的影响规律。文中进一步分析发现振荡来流下的涡激振动响应还存在“迟滞”及“高阶谐频”现象。     

柔性管异形表面结构对其涡激振动影响的数值研究

涡激振动（VIV）是导致海洋立管疲劳破坏的主要诱因,因此,抑制振动是立管设计需关注的重要内容。本文通过运用双向流-固耦合数值计算方法,开展翼型管、纹理管与光滑管的涡激振动响应特性的对比研究,探讨扰流翼板与表面纹理等异形表面结构对涡激振动被动抑制的有效性。计算结果表明：异形表面结构能够有效降低柔性管体的振动响应,缩短锁振区间,并且影响尾流区泄涡发放模式,减小管体流体力系数,起到明显抑制管体涡激振动的作用,且在较高的速度工况下,这种抑制效果更加显著。该研究可为采用被动式振动抑制的翼型管和纹理管等异形结构的海洋立管设计提供一定的理论参考。     

3个附属控制杆对立管水动力影响的CFD模拟

针对3个附属控制杆对深海立管的水动力影响问题,应用CFD大涡模拟方法模拟得到Re=1×105时附属控制杆在来流角α、直径比d/D和间距比G/D的不同参数组合下,升力、阻力和斯特劳哈尔数的变化规律以及立管绕流近壁区的流动特征。研究结果表明,附属杆的存在会干扰立管后方流场,引起尾流结构和涡脱落模式的改变,从而造成流体升力、阻力的变化。随着来流角α的增大,α在30°~60°时抑制效果较好,顺流向的阻力和横流向的升力均大幅减小;间距比G/D取0.2~0.3时附属控制管的布置方式对立管所受交变力的抑制效果最为明显。     

考虑平台作用的顶张式立管动力分析

上层浮式平台的运动幅度比固定式平台大,对立管的影响更明显.为了解平台对顶张式立管动力的影响,提出一种动力分析方法.在一定的条件下建立立管的数学模型,采用软件Tube2D对平台和立管进行动力响应和弯曲应力分析,得到考虑平台作用的立管扶正器布置间距参数的敏感性和立管弯曲应力的变化.结果表明:对于考虑平台作用的立管模型而言,内套管与油管在立管上部更容易发生碰撞,从避碰的角度考虑,应适当减小立管上部扶正器的布置间距;各层立管的弯曲应力按弯曲刚度之比分配的结果与实际计算结果不符,应根据耦合立管模型的计算结果对各层立管进行强度校核.     

Helical wire stress analysis of unbonded flexible riser under irregular response

A helical wire is a critical component of an unbonded flexible riser prone to fatigue failure. The helical wire has been the focus of much research work in recent years because of the complex multilayer construction of the flexible riser. The present study establishes an analytical model for the axisymmetric and bending analyses of an unbonded flexible riser. The interlayer contact under axisymmetric loads in this model is modeled by setting radial dummy springs between adjacent layers. The contact pressure is constant during the bending response and applied to determine the slipping friction force per unit helical wire. The model tracks the axial stress around the angular position at each time step to calculate the axial force gradient, then compares the axial force gradient with the slipping friction force to judge the helical wire slipping region, which would be applied to determine the bending stiffness for the next time step. The proposed model is verified against the experimental data in the literature. The bending moment–curvature relationship under irregular response is also qualitatively discussed. The stress at the critical point of the helical wire is investigated based on the model by considering the local flexure. The results indicate that the present model can well simulate the bending stiffness variation during irregular response, which has significant effect on the stress of helical wire.     

光滑深海立管涡激振动 DES模拟

针对深海立管涡激振动流场建立计算模型,分析了第一层网格高度、网格数量、时间步长对深海立管涡激振动DES模拟的升力系数、阻力系数、斯特罗哈尔数的影响,通过与文献中实验、计算数据的对比,说明SSTk-ω湍流模型基础上的 DES方法模拟低雷诺数深海立管涡激振动准确合理;网格第1层高度对计算精度影响较大,按0.51确定 DES方法的第1层网格高度可得到满足要求的。     

弹性变形对大口径炮弹气动特性影响的靶道试验

为了研究气动弹性对大口径炮弹气动特性和飞行稳定性的影响,利用室内弹道靶道,进行了大口径柔性和刚性炮弹模型的靶道自由飞行试验,利用试验数据判读处理出模型飞行过程中的飞行速度、攻角、进动角、空间质心坐标x,y,z和柔性弹模型的弹性变形量,拟合处理出其主要气动力和力矩系数,对比分析了大口径柔性和刚性炮弹模型的动特性和飞行稳定性。研究结果表明,柔性弹模型的阻力系数明显大于刚性弹模型的阻力系数,柔性弹模型变形后升阻比降低,滚转力矩显著增大;根据拍摄的闪光阴影照片和数据处理得到的章动曲线可看出,柔性弹的弹性变形对弹丸稳定性有较大影响,导致弹丸飞行不稳定。     

计及海底井口影响的隔水管涡激振动响应特性试验

在靠近海底井口位置,隔水管周围流场受井口系统的影响发生变化,流固耦合下涡激振动可能诱发隔水管在横流向(CF方向)更为剧烈的振动。为了研究受管土装置影响的隔水管涡激振动响应特性,使用自主设计的管土装置模拟海底井口,采用8 m柔性立管,进行了均匀流下单管和受管土装置影响的涡激振动对比试验。试验通过FBG光纤应变片测得应变信息,使用模态叠加法、FFT变换处理分析试验数据,对比分析2组隔水管的主导频率、应变时历与幅值谱、无因次振幅以及激励力系数等参数沿管径的分布情况。结果发现管土装置影响下,隔水管主导频率减小;CF方向涡激振动增大,振幅沿径向呈非对称特征;涡激振动振幅更大,隔水管受流场的激励与阻尼更为剧烈。     

Response spectrum method for extreme wave loading with higher order components of drag force

Response spectra of fixed offshore structures impacted by extreme waves are investigated based on the higher order components of the nonlinear drag force. In this way, steel jacket platforms are simplified as a mass attached to a light cantilever cylinder and their corresponding deformation response spectra are estimated by utilizing a generalized single degree of freedom system. Based on the wave data recorded in the Persian Gulf region, extreme wave loading conditions corresponding to different return periods are exerted on the offshore structures. Accordingly, the effect of the higher order components of the drag force is considered and compared to the linearized state for different sea surface levels. When the fundamental period of the offshore structure is about one third of the main period of wave loading, the results indicate the linearized drag term is not capable of achieving a reliable deformation response spectrum.     

考虑高阶拖曳力的导管架平台极端载荷响应谱方法（英文）

Response spectra of fixed offshore structures impacted by extreme waves are investigated based on the higher order components of the nonlinear drag force. In this way, steel jacket platforms are simplified as a mass attached to a light cantilever cylinder and their corresponding deformation response spectra are estimated by utilizing a generalized single degree of freedom system. Based on the wave data recorded in the Persian Gulf region, extreme wave loading conditions corresponding to different return periods are exerted on the offshore structures. Accordingly, the effect of the higher order components of the drag force is considered and compared to the linearized state for different sea surface levels. When the fundamental period of the offshore structure is about one third of the main period of wave loading, the results indicate the linearized drag term is not capable of achieving a reliable deformation response spectrum.     

An inverse finite element method for the analysis of VIV data

This paper presents an algorithm for the frequency domain solution of dynamic linear “inverse” problems, that is for the processing of measurement data (strain, acceleration etc.) acquired on a mechanical structure, in order to estimate the loads acting on the structure and its corresponding response. The problem is formulated as a constrained (force equilibrium) optimization (small deviations from measurements, small loads) problem, which is transformed into an unconstrained problem, then into differential equations. The algorithm is applied to the estimation of hydrodynamic forces induced by the shedding of vortices from an offshore oil riser.     

Mechanical model and characteristics of deep-water drilling riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves

Internal solitary waves with a huge amount of energy easily trigger the large dynamic responses of riser-wellhead system and threaten its structural safety. However, previous studies have only focused on the dynamic response of the riser under internal solitary waves. The riser may experience excessive traction from the platform, especially from the mooring platform, in response to the arrival of internal solitary waves. The bottom of the riser connects to the wellhead system, which in turn exerts a reaction force on the riser. To address this problem, a coupled dynamic model of deep-water drilling mooring platform-riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves is developed in this paper. A dynamic response analysis method based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and finite element method is also proposed for the mooring platform-riser-wellhead system. A dynamical solver for the coupled system is then developed using MATLAB. The dynamic response characteristics of the riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves are calculated. Results show that the displacement and bending moment of the system initially increases and then decreases along with the propagation of internal solitary waves, and finally reach equilibrium position. The displacement and bending moment reach their peak before the trough of internal solitary waves passes through the riser-wellhead system. The dynamic responses of the riser-wellhead system under the influence of internal solitary wave loads are much larger than those without the effect of internal solitary wave loads. The riser system experiences shearing loads at the interface of internal solitary waves, which trigger a step-like bending moment variation. The bending moment of the conductor under the mudline is greatly increased by the internal solitary waves.     

细长海洋立管涡激振动预报模型

涡激振动预报对于深水环境中的细长海洋结构物的设计至关重要.近年来出现的若干经验模型基于圆柱体受追振荡实验数据.文中介绍了细长海洋结构物涡激振动预报工具的发展,进而提出了一种基于圆柱体受迫振荡实验数据的预报模型.与现有的类似模型相比较,该模型更加直接地利用了原始模型实验数据,并且将立管的有限元模态分析并入到响应预报当中,以计及立管物理参数的不均匀特性.利用近期立管模型在阶梯状分布流以及剪切流中的涡激振动响应实验测量数据,验证了该模型的有效性.该模型的计算结果表明,立管的模态振型、模态频率与涡激振动响应高度耦合,并且对于低质量比的情况尤为明显.文中还指出了类似的基于受迫振荡圆柱体实验数据的预报模型存在的缺陷.