Development and Evaluation of a High Voltage Supply Unit for Electrorheological Fluid Dampers

SUMMARY

Controllable dampers using electrorheological (ER) fluids have attracted considerable interest in recent years. They are proposed for use in semi-active suspensions for ground vehicles. The main advantages of ER fluid dampers are their fast response, ease of control, simple construction and low power requirements. This paper describes the development and testing of a high-voltage supply unit for modulating the damping force of an ER fluid damper. Experimental results on the vibration isolation characteristics of an ER fluid damper with different control strategies, obtained using a quarter-car model test rig, are also presented.     

粘滞阻尼器参数对大跨度桥梁抗震性能影响研究

基于流体粘滞阻尼器的力学特性,以荆岳长江大桥为工程背景,研究了附加非线性粘滞阻尼器对大跨度桥梁抗震性能的影响。利用动力非线性时程分析方法,对非线性粘滞阻尼器的阻尼系数和阻尼指数进行了参数敏感性分析,讨论了阻尼器布置位置对减震效果的影响,并与不设阻尼器情况的地震响应结果进行了比较。分析表明：通过在适当的位置设置纵向粘滞阻尼器,可以有效地降低结构在地震作用下关键部位的位移,改善结构构件的地震力;减震效果取决于阻尼器参数;同时,设置阻尼器避免了相邻主梁可能发生碰撞引起的结构损坏。     

H8 Control Performance of a Full-Vehicle Suspension Featuring Magnetorheological Dampers

Summary This paper presents an investigation of the feedback control performance of a full-vehicle suspension system featuring magnetorheological (MR) dampers. A cylindrical MR damper is designed and manufactured by incorporating a Bingham model of aMR fluid which is commercially available. After evaluating the field-dependent damping characteristics of the MR damper, a full-vehicle suspension system installed with 4 independent MR dampers is constructed and its governing equations of motion which include vertical, pitch and roll motions are derived. A H 8 controller which has inherent robustness against system uncertainties is formulated by treating the sprung mass of the vehicle as uncertain parameter. This is accomplished by adopting the loop shaping design procedure. For the demonstration of a practical feasibility, control performance characteristics for vibration suppression of the proposed MR suspension system are evaluated under various road conditions through the hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) methodology.     

H8 Control Performance of a Full-Vehicle Suspension Featuring Magnetorheological Dampers

Summary This paper presents an investigation of the feedback control performance of a full-vehicle suspension system featuring magnetorheological (MR) dampers. A cylindrical MR damper is designed and manufactured by incorporating a Bingham model of aMR fluid which is commercially available. After evaluating the field-dependent damping characteristics of the MR damper, a full-vehicle suspension system installed with 4 independent MR dampers is constructed and its governing equations of motion which include vertical, pitch and roll motions are derived. A H 8 controller which has inherent robustness against system uncertainties is formulated by treating the sprung mass of the vehicle as uncertain parameter. This is accomplished by adopting the loop shaping design procedure. For the demonstration of a practical feasibility, control performance characteristics for vibration suppression of the proposed MR suspension system are evaluated under various road conditions through the hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) methodology.     

超大跨度斜拉桥的横向约束体系

为了确定超大跨度斜拉桥的合理横向抗震约束体系,以苏通长江公路大桥为研究对象,采用非线性时程分析方法,分析了3种边墩、梁横向约束体系即横向滑动体系、全限位体系和减隔震体系(流体黏滞阻尼器连接体系)对超大跨度斜拉桥地震反应的影响,重点研究了阻尼器的合理设置方式及阻尼器参数。结果表明:对于超大跨度斜拉桥,横向滑动体系和全限位体系均不是理想的抗震体系;而在边墩、梁之间设置横向流体黏滞阻尼器可以显著减小边墩的横向内力以及梁端的横向位移,流体黏滞阻尼器应分散设置在各边墩上。     

A semi-active control suspension system for railway vehicles with magnetorheological fluid dampers

The high-speed train has achieved great progress in the last decades. It is one of the most important modes of transportation between cities. With the rapid development of the high-speed train, its safety issue is paid much more attention than ever before. To improve the stability of the vehicle with high speed, extra dampers (i.e. anti-hunting damper) are used in the traditional bogies with passive suspension system. However, the curving performance of the vehicle is undermined due to the extra lateral force generated by the dampers. The active suspension systems proposed in the last decades attempt to solve the vehicle steering issue. However, the active suspension systems need extra actuators driven by electrical power or hydraulic power. There are some implementation and even safety issues which are not easy to be overcome. In this paper, an innovative semi-active controlled lateral suspension system for railway vehicles is proposed. Four magnetorheological fluid dampers are fixed to the primary suspension system of each bogie. They are controlled by online controllers for enhancing the running stability on the straight track line on the one hand and further improving the curving performance by controlling the damper force on the other hand. Two control strategies are proposed in the light of the pure rolling concept. The effectiveness of the proposed strategies is demonstrated by SIMPACK and Matlab co-simulation for a full railway vehicle with two conventional bogies.     

斜拉桥拉索的MR半主动控制研究

根据LQR最优控制理论,结合面向速度剪切(Clipped Optimal)控制算法及修正的磁流变(MR)阻尼器Bouc Wen模型,提出了LQR Clipped半主动控制算法,应用拉索振动的差分离散模型,对斜拉索的面内振动进行了被动、主动及半主动控制研究,分析了MR阻尼器对斜拉索的振动控制效果。研究结果表明:MR阻尼器被动控制能够提供的模态阻尼比可以达到最优油阻尼器控制的值,但MR被动控制存在一个最优输入电压,最优电压值与需控制的第几阶模态有关;与油阻尼器被动控制相比,MR半主动控制可以有效地提高模态阻尼比,尤其在阻尼器位置距索端很近时仍有较好的控制效果。     

并联混合动力汽车扭转减振器性能仿真分析

为改善并联混合动力汽车传动系统的扭振特性,开展了扭转减振器的结构及仿真分析研究。对并联混合动力汽车传动系现有扭转减振器进行分析,提出了一种具有新型结构的弧形弹簧式从动盘扭转减振器;针对某款车型建立 8 自由度集中质量模型,采用 AMESim 仿真软件搭建仿真模型;通过对离合器从动盘扭转减振器、双质量飞轮和弧形弹簧式从动盘扭转减振器 3 种不同结构减振器的扭振特性进行仿真对比,分析了它们在典型工况下的扭振特性,并对扭转刚度和迟滞力矩进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明,弧形弹簧式从动盘扭转减振器能保证较短的发动机启动时间,且拥有较好的减振特性;在混合驱动行驶工况下扭转减振器的减振效果与扭转刚度及迟滞力矩的大小呈负相关。     

磁流变阻尼器动力学特性研究

从材料流变特性和动力学、机械学、电磁学的角度出发，建立了磁流阻尼器的动力学模型。应用该模型可由磁流变阻尼器设计参数得到其动力学特性，如力—速度曲线，并与试验结果相吻合，为磁流阻尼器设计和性能预测提供了参考。     

均匀风量集中排烟隧道火灾烟气流动分析与足尺试验

隧道火灾集中排烟系统集纵向和横向排烟模式的优势,应用愈加广泛。然而在排烟过程中,大量烟气易从离风机较近的排烟阀排出,极大降低了排烟效率并浪费了能源,为解决此类问题提出均匀风量集中排烟模式的概念,通过调节排烟阀开启角度,使各排烟阀排烟量均匀一致,最大限度的将高温烟气由火源附近的排烟阀排出。基于质量、动量和能量守恒方程,以排烟道内烟流为控制体,建立均匀排烟模式下关于排烟阀流速、排烟量、排烟阀开启角度和排烟风机风压关系的理论预测模型并求出解析解;同时,以港珠澳大桥海底沉管隧道为原型,建立世界最大断面尺寸沉管试验隧道,开展足尺验证试验。研究结果表明：均匀风量排烟系统能够通过控制排烟阀开启角度平衡各排烟阀排烟量实现高效排烟的目的;提出火灾时应开启火源最近处排烟阀且在满足烟气流速限值的情况下,控制排烟阀开启数量,既能缩短烟气蔓延范围又能实现有效节能;均匀排烟模式下,各排烟阀排烟量均匀一致,排烟阀开启角度呈逐渐增大趋势,离火源越近排烟阀开启角度越小。最后,以10 MW火灾为例,通过足尺试验验证均匀风量集中排烟烟气运动理论模型的正确性。     

Vehicle Dynamic Analysis and Evaluation of Continuously Controlled Semi-Active Suspensions Using Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation

A semi-active suspension system with continuously variable damper is greatly expected to be used mainly in the future as a high-performance suspension system due to its cost-effectiveness, light weight, and low energy consumption. In this paper, to develop a suitable control logic for the semi-active suspension system, the hardware-in-the-loop simulation is performed for the experimental continuously variable damper combined with a quarter-car model, and the simulation results are compared for passive, on/off controlled, and continuously controlled dampers in the aspects of ride comfort and driving safety, assuming each damper to be installed on the vehicle.     

斜拉索阻尼器综合评价指标体系研究

针时目前斜拉索阻尼器种类较多,斜拉桥选择拉索阻尼器无据可依的现状,根据建立斜拉索阻尼器评价指标体系的原则,在搜集阻尼器设计参数、征询有关专家意见的基础上,初拟阻尼器评价指标体系.然后采用主成分分析法对初拟的定量指标进行筛选,采用模糊优先排序法对初拟的定性指标进行筛选,从而得到斜拉索阻尼器综合评价指标体系.     

斜拉桥拉索磁流变阻尼器减振技术研究

采用数值仿真和现场试验对磁流变阻尼器的减振性能进行了研究。数值仿真计算评估了磁流变阻尼器安装高度、外部激励、阻尼器输入电压等参数对拉索系统模态阻尼比的影响 ,结果表明磁流变阻尼器具有良好的阻尼可调特性 ,调节阻尼器的输入电压可以获得拉索系统的最佳模态阻尼比 ;现场试验表明 ,安装该阻尼器后 ,拉索系统的模态阻尼比提高 3～ 6倍 ,并存在一优化电压 ,在该电压下模态阻尼比达到最大 ;实际风雨振时的现场观测结果显示 ,磁流变阻尼器具有很好的减振效果 ;拉索磁流变阻尼器减振技术已在岳阳洞庭湖大桥全桥实施 ,解决了该桥的风雨振问题     

曲线桥梁弯扭耦合减震半主动控制分析

理论研究与震害经验表明,地震时曲线桥梁会产生弯扭耦合振动。为了减少弯扭耦合的地震反应,提出了利用压电摩擦阻尼器进行曲线桥梁地震反应半主动控制的方法,建立曲线桥梁空间有限元模型,在桥台支座部位设置半主动控制阻尼器,在不同地震波入射角情况下分析了半主动控制算法的减震效果。结果表明,半主动控制界限Hrovat最优控制算法能有效地减小曲线桥梁地震反应,其控制效果优于简单Bang-bang控制算法,而始终提供最大阻尼力的被动控制方法会增大桥梁地震反应,并不是被动控制阻尼力越大越好。     

斜拉桥拉索减振阻尼器对拉索索力测量的影响研究

针对采用频率法测量拉索索力时拉索外加阻尼器对索力测量精度影响的问题,提出了考虑拉索垂度的拉索-阻尼器系统模态频率的分析方法,研究了阻尼器安装的相对高度、拉索的计算长度、阻尼系数等对拉索模态频率的影响程度和规律,获得了消除拉索减振阻尼器对索力测量精度影响的办法。研究表明,外加阻尼器对拉索低阶模态频率影响很大,采用高阶模态频率测量拉索索力时,索力测量能获得很好的精度。随着拉索-阻尼器系统相对安装长度和阻尼系数的增大,阻尼器对拉索模态频率的影响也越大,当阻尼系数增加到一定程度后,拉索的高阶模态频率基本与阻尼系数无穷大时的频率接近,阻尼器相当于固定支撑。以岳阳洞庭湖大桥A11号拉索为例,验证了该方法合理可行。     

双质量飞轮式扭振减振器

现代汽车广泛采用的是离合器从动盘式扭振减器，而双质量飞轮式扭振器则是近年来发展起来的一种更为有效的新型扭振减振器。本比较了了双质量飞轮式扭振减器和离合器从动盘式扭振减器的结构、性能及优缺点。     

斜拉索磁流变智能阻尼控制系统分析与设计

在结构主动、半主动和智能控制系统优化设计方法的基础上,研究了斜拉索磁流变智能阻尼控制系统的设计方法,并采用所建立的设计方法完成了山东滨州黄河公路大桥斜拉索磁流变智能阻尼减振系统的优化设计。采用限界HROVAT最优控制算法确定磁流变阻尼器的半主动控制力,数值计算了斜拉索磁流变阻尼控制系统的风振反应。进一步分析比较了主动控制、半主动控制、Passive-on被动控制和Passive-off被动控制策略下的磁流变阻尼器控制斜拉索风致振动的控制效果,验证了磁流变阻尼器优化设计方法的正确性和磁流变阻尼器控制策略的有效性。     

消能自复位摇摆框架墩结构地震反应及易损性分析

摇摆构造可限制结构的地震损伤和残余位移，从而提升结构的震后恢复能力。以消能自复位摇摆框架墩结构为研究对象，基于摇摆刚体假定，建立消能自复位摇摆框架墩结构的动力分析模型，并通过试验结果验证了该模型的有效性。模型中采用拉格朗日方程推导出结构的运动学方程，并考虑了桥墩复位碰撞所造成的速度折减以及预应力束和阻尼器的失效。以黄徐路摇摆桥梁结构为工程背景，对消能自复位摇摆框架墩结构进行实例分析、参数分析和易损性分析。实例分析和参数分析结果表明：阻尼器和预应力束的联合应用可减小结构的位移反应，阻尼器刚度的量纲一化参数（ρ_d）越大则结构减震效果越好，且在脉冲近场地震作用下的减震效果更为明显。针对阻尼器屈服、阻尼器失效、预应力束失效和结构倒塌4个极限状态的易损性分析的结果表明：在E1地震作用下，阻尼器失效、预应力束失效和结构倒塌的发生概率极小；在E2地震作用下，阻尼器极易发生屈服，阻尼器失效和预应力束失效的概率小于20%，结构倒塌的发生概率近乎为0；在脉冲近场地震作用下，ρ_d增大可降低各极限状态的发生概率，预应力束刚度的增大对各极限状态的发生概率影响较小，预应力束初始应力的增大会增加预应力束失效的发生概率。     

Semi-active H∞ control of high-speed railway vehicle suspension with magnetorheological dampers

In this paper, semi-active H∞ control with magnetorheological (MR) dampers for railway vehicle suspension systems to improve the lateral ride quality is investigated. The proposed semi-active controller is composed of a H∞ controller as the system controller and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) inverse MR damper model as the damper controller. First, a 17-degree-of-freedom model for a full-scale railway vehicle is developed and the random track irregularities are modelled. Then a modified Bouc–Wen model is built to characterise the forward dynamic characteristics of the MR damper and an inverse MR damper model is built with the ANFIS technique. Furthermore, a H∞ controller composed of a yaw motion controller and a rolling pendulum motion (lateral motion+roll motion) controller is established. By integrating the H∞ controller with the ANFIS inverse model, a semi-active H∞ controller for the railway vehicle is finally proposed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed semi-active suspension system possesses better attenuation ability for the vibrations of the car body than the passive suspension system.     

采用电流变阻尼器汽车悬架的半主动控制研究

采用电流变阻尼器作为汽车悬架系统的减振器，应用最优控制策略，设计了汽车悬架的半主动控制系统。大量仿真实验表明，采用电流变阻尼器的半主动控制悬架系统有效地改善了汽车驾驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性。