速腾电动转向助力系统组成及工作原理

速腾车采用双齿轮式电子机械转向助力系统。根据驾驶员的转向要求,转向控制单元控制电动机工作,进而起到转向助力的作用。系统通过"主动回正"功能将转向轮置于中心位置,使车辆在各种情况下都能获得良好的平衡性及精确的直线行驶稳定性。直线行驶稳定功能可以帮助驾驶员在车辆受     

汽车列车直线行驶稳定性的模拟试验研究方法

介绍了一种用于研究汽车列车直线行驶稳定性的模型试验系统，该系统由模型试验台和牵引控制系统组成。模型试验台利用环形带模拟活动路面；牵引控制系统通过串行通讯技术操作变频器，结合由传感器采集到的模型列车的运动参数，可实现对模型列车的牵引控制。试验证明，该系统具有较强的实时控制特性，能够满足汽车列车直线行驶稳定性模型试验对试验系统的要求。     

半挂汽车列车闭环非线性系统行驶稳定性分析

对半挂汽车列车行驶稳定性的闭环非线性系统进行了研究,建立了半挂汽车列车三自由度非线性模型。以单点预瞄驾驶员模型与半挂汽车列车三自由度非线性模型的耦合系统为研究对象,应用李雅普诺夫一次近似定理,在线性范围内分析了系统参数的特征根轨迹,并在线性范围内分析了驾驶员预瞄时间和轮胎侧偏刚度对临界车速的影响。     

汽车列车直线行驶横向稳定性模拟实验台控制系统

提出基于变频调速控制的汽车列车直缄行驶横向稳定性模拟实验台的控制系统，通过串行通讯技术操作变频器，结合由传感器采集到的模型列车的运动参数，由计算机自动生成控制指令，实现对模型列车的牵引控制，实验证明，借助该系统研究汽车列车直线行驶横向稳定性及横向稳定性的控制问题，具有较强的实时控制特性，可以满足汽车列车直线行驶横向稳定性模拟试验对牵引控制的要求。     

速腾轿车电动助力转向系统工作原理及系统设定

一汽-大众公司生产的速腾轿车采用双齿轮式电子机械转向助力系统。双齿轮式电动助力转向系统由两个能够向转向拉杆提供足够转向力的齿轮（转向齿轮和驱动齿轮）组成。电动助力转向系统能根据驾驶员的转向要求,由转向控制单元控制电动机工作,进而起到转向助力的作用。系统通过“主动回正”功能将转向轮置于中心位置,使车辆在各种情况下都能获得良好的平衡性及精确的直线行驶稳定性。直线行驶稳定功能可以帮助驾驶员在车辆受到侧向风作用时,或在上下颠簸的路面上行驶时,更容易控制车辆保持直线行驶。     

汽车行驶中不稳定现象的原因分析

汽车在平直良好路面上行驶时，若驾驶员保持方向盘转角不变，应能自行抵抗侧向风、微小路面不平等外界干扰，保持直线稳定行驶。但在实际使用中，有些汽车会出现行驶跑偏、低速摆头、高速振摆等行驶不稳定现象，弄清这些现象的特点及产生原因，对于恢复和保持汽车行驶稳定性无疑是十分有益的。     

波许ESP系统的理论分析

FSP是新型主动安全系统，它能根据驾驶员的意愿、路面状况及汽车的运动状态控制车辆的运动，提高汽车的操纵稳定性和行驶安全性。本文论述波许ESP系统的组成、工作原理及关键参数的确定方法。     

道路标线对驾驶行为模式的影响

研究表明，车辆在有边缘线的道路上行驶比在仅有中心线或无标线的道路上行驶时更居中，尤其是在晚间行车时，边缘线能促使驾驶员准确，稳定驾驶，提高交通安全度。对驾驶员心率变异系数和稳定性测试表明，在有边缘线的道路上行驶不易疲劳。     

转向机故障一例

故障现象：一辆东风EQ1092E型汽车在行驶过程中,车辆不能保持在直线位置行驶,必须用力地握住方向盘才能维持原来行驶路线,如不施加外力则自动驶离原直线行驶方向,给驾驶员带来了一定的疲劳强度。故障检查：东风EQ1092E汽车使用的是机械式转向系,未带助力系统,所以不存在助力系统故障。     

微型汽车操纵稳定性问题探讨

运用汽车操纵动力学理论，结合微型汽车的结构特点和生产特点，从设计，制造，调整等几个方面对微型汽车普遍存在的转向沉重，回正不好，直线行驶跑偏，路感差，轮胎差异磨损等操纵稳定性问题进行了全面系统的分析研究，同时对汽车直线行驶稳定试验及评价方法进行了初步探讨。     

Analysis of Tire Effect on the Simulation of Vehicle Straight Line Motion

In the dynamic simulation of vehicle straight line motion, a vehicle model usually drifts from its intended straight path even in the case of no external input. This is particularly true when a tire model based on experimental data is used. The purpose of this paper is to provide an enhancement of a basic understanding of a tire/vehicle system behavior in the straight line motion and to identify the effect of the tire on that motion. Through the analysis of a two degrees of freedom vehicle model, tire characteristic which causes a lateral drift in the straight line motion is identified. Then the results are confirmed from vehicle test and the simulations with a more complex full-car model.     

Analysis of Tire Effect on the Simulation of Vehicle Straight Line Motion

In the dynamic simulation of vehicle straight line motion, a vehicle model usually drifts from its intended straight path even in the case of no external input. This is particularly true when a tire model based on experimental data is used. The purpose of this paper is to provide an enhancement of a basic understanding of a tire/vehicle system behavior in the straight line motion and to identify the effect of the tire on that motion. Through the analysis of a two degrees of freedom vehicle model, tire characteristic which causes a lateral drift in the straight line motion is identified. Then the results are confirmed from vehicle test and the simulations with a more complex full-car model.     

基于前车轨迹预测的高速智能车运动规划

针对现有运动规划算法大多只考虑障碍车当前状态,本文中提出一种基于前车运动轨迹预测的高速车辆运动规划算法。首先,融合考虑驾驶意图与基于车辆运动模型的方法对前车轨迹进行预测;然后,采用贝塞尔曲线(Bezier)规划主车运动轨迹,结合避撞过程中与前车碰撞风险概率,高速避撞车辆速度变化特点以及车辆运动稳定性等因素建立目标函数,并考虑车辆动力学与运动学约束,使用序列二次规划(SQP)方法对Bezier曲线的控制点和主车运动目标点位置进行优化求解,得到最优避撞运动轨迹;最后,以前车直行和换道两种工况为例,对主车的避撞运动轨迹进行规划,分析不同工况下主车避撞过程中的运动状态变化以及与前车碰撞风险概率变化。结果表明,所提出的运动规划算法能够保证车辆的避撞安全性与运动稳定性。     

Vertical Vibration Analysis of Vehicle/Imperfect Track Systems

Summary This paper studies the vertical vibration of a vehicle traveling on an imperfect track system. The car body and sleepers are modeled as Timoshenko beams with finite length, and the rail is assumed as an infinite Timoshenko beam with discrete supports. Imperfection of the track system comes from a sleeper lost partial support by the ballast. Since deflection of the rail is limited within a certain interval where the vehicle is passing over, the infinite domain problem can be transformed into a finite domain problem with moving boundary. In this work, the equations of motion of the car body, rail and sleepers are discretized first by the finite element method. The discretized equations of motion for the vehicle and track systems are then assembled, respectively. Finally, the Newmark method is applied to obtain the response of the vehicle and track systems at each time step. The effect of the vehicle speed on the response of the vehicle and track systems is investigated.     

Finite Disturbance Directional Stability of Vehicles with Human Pilot Considering Nonlinear Cornering Behavior

The driver of a vehicle has a significant influence on handling and stability of the vehicle. Due to the complex behavior of a human pilot, a driver model is usually neglected when dealing with the problem of vehicle stability. This work focuses on the interaction between the vehicle and the human pilot. A model characterizing human operator behavior in a regulation task is employed to study directional stability. Linear stability is analyzed by the application of the Routh-Hurwitz criterion and stability boundaries separating the stable domain of operation of the driver from the unstable one are constructed.

The linear analysis predicts that the only possible instability in a driver/vehicle system is an oscillatory instability with increasing amplitude. It is shown that the addition of kinematic as well as slip angle nonlinearities in the vehicle model can have a stabilizing effect on these oscillations of the combined driver/vehicle system. They may also be responsible for the opposite, namely a linearly stable motion may become unstable to finite size disturbances. These nonlinear motions are predicted by a bifurcation analysis and are verified by direct numerical simulation.     

Nonlinear optimal integrated vehicle control using individual braking torque and steering angle with on-line control allocation by using state-dependent Riccati equation technique

This paper proposes the solution of state-dependent Riccati equation as a nonlinear optimal regulator to stabilise the motion dynamics of the vehicle model subjected to sudden disturbance inputs in the lateral direction. The proposed nonlinear regulator coordinates individually actuated wheel braking torque and steering wheel angle simultaneously in an optimal manner. Performance criteria are satisfied by solving the Riccati equation based on the given cost function subjected to the nonlinear vehicle dynamics. On-line control allocation in terms of optimal brake torque distribution enhanced by optimal wheel steering angle input is achieved. Furthermore, the proposed optimal nonlinear regulator is an active fault-tolerant control system against partial by-wire actuator failures while guaranteeing stability with good performance due to its capability to allocate the individual control inputs in an optimal way. The main aim is to stabilise the motion dynamics of the vehicle model during short-term emergency situations along the desired straight trajectory manageable by average drivers and to provide vehicle stability and handling predictability through the interaction of individual wheel braking and steering actuators. Simulation results are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.     

Nonlinear dynamics and stability analysis of vehicle plane motions

In this article, the problems of dynamics and stability for vehicle planar motion systems have been investigated. By introducing a so-called joint-point locus approach, equilibria of the system and their associated stability properties are given geometrically. With this method, it is discovered that the difference between the front and the rear steering angles plays a key role in vehicle system dynamics and that the topological structure of the phase portrait and the types of bifurcations are different from those published previously. In particular, the vehicle system could still be stabilized even when pushed to work in a certain severely nonlinear region, by applying extremely large steering angles. However, it is worth noticing that the attractive domain of the stable equilibrium is very narrow. These developments might prove to be important in active steering control design. Numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the potentials of the proposed techniques.     

Aerodynamic influence of a passing vehicle on the stability of the other vehicles

The aerodynamic influence of a passing vehicle on the motion stability of other vehicles is discussed. According to the results of wind tunnel tests and actual car tests, it is found that the interference phenomenon can be treated as a quasi-steady problem when relative speed is small. The influence of relative speed on vehicle motion stability is also examined. A small relative speed can affect the vehicle motion because of its long acting time.     

A Nonlinear Analysis of the Generic Types of Loss of Stability of the Steady State Motion of a Tractor-Semitrailer*

All different types of loss of stability which occur generically for a tractor semitrailer vehicle are studied when varying two parameters namely the speed V of the vehicle and the position d of the center of mass of the trailer. For a fixed value of d and varying V it turns out that only two cases either a divergence or a Hopf bifurcation can occur typically. By means of a nonlinear analysis the post-bifurcation behavior for both cases is treated showing that it is critical in both cases. This latter result means that the system is an imperfection sensitive one for which the calculation only of the linear stability limit, does not have very much practical meaning, because small perturbations of the system (changes of parameters) can lead to a drastic reduction of the critical speed. Our paper furthermore indicates how a nonlinear investigation of stability problems in vehicle dynamics with no restriction to the number of degrees of freedom of the system can be done in a straight forward manner.     

Nonlinear dynamics and stability analysis of vehicle plane motions

In this article, the problems of dynamics and stability for vehicle planar motion systems have been investigated. By introducing a so-called joint-point locus approach, equilibria of the system and their associated stability properties are given geometrically. With this method, it is discovered that the difference between the front and the rear steering angles plays a key role in vehicle system dynamics and that the topological structure of the phase portrait and the types of bifurcations are different from those published previously. In particular, the vehicle system could still be stabilized even when pushed to work in a certain severely nonlinear region, by applying extremely large steering angles. However, it is worth noticing that the attractive domain of the stable equilibrium is very narrow. These developments might prove to be important in active steering control design. Numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the potentials of the proposed techniques.