行人过街设施设置方法研究

首先分析目前我国行人过街存在的问题,接着对行人过街设施进行分类,并列举了三类特殊情况下的行人过街,最后提出行人过街配套设施的设置方法。     

机动车礼让行人的基本通行规则设计与执行提升对策

多年来通过公安交管部门常态长效治理，我国路口交通秩序明显改善，过街设施不断完善，行人过街安全体验不断提升。但“斑马线”的安全问题仍是城市交通管理的重点难点，人车冲突矛盾仍是问题的主要根源，人车行为的规范则是解决问题的基础和前提。因此，论文从规范驾驶人行为角度，广泛借鉴国内外机动车驾驶人礼让行人的经验和做法，系统梳理“斑马线”周边交通运行的法理、伦理和物理，明晰驾驶人在不同场景下礼让行人的操作规范。这对于提升机动车驾驶人礼让行人法律条款的执行力，切实提高斑马线的安全性和通行效率，以此为切入点提高城市道路交通管理水平具有重要意义。     

基于KPI的城市道路交通设施有效性评价及优化

文章依据关键绩效指标(KPI)理论,利用"鱼骨图分析"法与层次分析法(AHP)确立城市道路交通管理设施的影响因素和计算各指标的权重值,同时结合"反木桶原理"选出12个定性或定量的关键绩效指标,建立了基于KPI的城市道路交通管理设施有效性评价体系,并运用定量指标和定性指标相结合的方法计算评价值。最后,通过来宾市老城区的实例分析,进一步阐述了该评价体系的具体应用过程,分析了该地区交通管理设施设置现状存在的突出问题,提出了针对性的改善建议。     

我国行人过街绿闪信号的设置方式与路权分析

在行人过街交通信号中加入绿闪信号已经是国内较为常见的设置方式,但是绿闪信号究竟代表什么含义、其时长应该如何设置和计算,目前尚无统一定论。本文首先整理了绿闪信号在我国的设置现状,接着分析了国内涉及到绿闪信号的相关法规标准,然后对比了其他典型国家或地区的行人过街清空信号设置方式,总结出"绿闪"、"红闪"和"持续红灯"三种主要的设置类型,并对其进行了相应的优劣势分析。最后,从行人清空信号期间的人行横道路权争议入手,综合上述分析结果,提出了较为适宜我国现状的行人清空信号设置方法,并对健全完善我国行人清空信号设置规范提出了建议。     

无信号控制行人过街行为观察和反应时间分析

本文主要从过街行为微观角度分析,行人在过街前到过街动作执行前这段时间的行为和对应时间统计特性,成果可应用于行人过街交通安全设计和仿真模型。     

基于ISM方法的二次行人过街安全影响因素分析

为探究城市交通二次行人过街安全的影响因素,在一次行人过街安全影响因素分析的基础上,从人、车、路、环境、信号、设施这六个方面分析影响二次行人过街安全的因素。采用解析结构模型(ISM)的基本理论与方法,建立邻接矩阵,可达矩阵,并划分影响因素的层次,得到解析结构图,找出影响二次行人过街安全的四层结构影响因素最后通过实例分析,得出结论。     

缓解交通拥堵刀口别总向着私家车主

如果把交通矛盾怪罪到私家车头上,那不仅难以纾解困局,还可能因此错过进一步完善城市交通设施、提高交通管理水平的机遇。请政府相关部门着力反思。     

信号控制交叉口右转灯控的设置研究

为提高信号控制交叉口通行状况,以右转车和过街行人为研究对象,分析并建立设置右转灯控前后,右转车与过街行人的延误和冲突数量模型。利用转换成本法,根据延误和行人-右转车冲突所产生的经济成本,建立交叉口性能指标模型,并得到设置右转灯控的临界条件。研究表明,行人-右转车冲突对交叉口通行状况影响巨大,在右转车流量或过街行人流量较大的交叉口,设置右转灯控可有效提高交叉口通行状况。     

因势利导:交通管理科学的重要理念

本文在引入和阐述"因势利导理念"的基础上,结合国内外交通设施对城市交通中常见的禁行标志、禁停标志、中心护栏设施的设置存在的问题和改善方法展开探讨,以及对交通管理措施中的"黑车"管理、"城市货车限行"的经验教训进行分析,指出因势利导是处理交通系统中管理者和被管理者之间关系的重要理念。     

日本交通运输管理体制概况

本文介绍了日本交通运输管理体制基本情况,包括机构设置、层级分布及主要业务管理局的职能等方面,总结了日本交通管理体制的主要特征,对比分析了日本交通管理体制改革的经验。     

重庆桥梁交通安全状况调查与改善技术研究

频繁发生的客车坠桥事故造成了重大的人员伤亡和财产损失,提高桥梁运营安全水平工作十分迫切。文章在对重庆市桥梁交通安全状况调查的基础上,分析了桥梁路段在设计、管理、交通运行等方面存在的问题,提出从桥头视距、道路养护、警示设施设置、中央分隔带设置等方面进行综合整治的安全改善措施,为桥梁的安全设计与管理提供参考。     

广西高速公路木冲隧道交通安全性分析

长大隧道是高速公路的控制路段,其运营安全对高速公路畅通和安全有重要影响。文章通过研究木冲隧道交通事故分布特征,分析了长大隧道发生交通事故的原因,提出了改善木冲隧道交通安全状况的工程措施和管理建议,其对提高木冲隧道运营安全性具有指导意义。     

福州市交通安全与智能交通系统探讨

智能交通系统是一个高科技集成系统,它综合运用各种高新技术于整个交通管理系统之中,可以系统、全面、高效地提高交通运输的安全性.文章阐述了智能交通系统在交通安全中的作用及在福州市的应用情况,指出了福州市发展智能交通的方向,以提高福州市的交通安全管理水平.     

城市主要道路平面交叉口安全管理方法

文章基于现今城市干道平面交叉口交通流量密集的状况,分析讨论影响平面交叉口安全管理的因素,提出了交叉口安全管理方法和一些改进措施,为提高城市道路交叉口的交通安全管理提供依据。     

Short-term prediction of border crossing time and traffic volume for commercial trucks: A case study for the Ambassador Bridge

Short-term forecasting of traffic characteristics, such as traffic flow, speed, travel time, and queue length, has gained considerable attention from transportation researchers and practitioners over past three decades. While past studies primarily focused on traffic characteristics on freeways or urban arterials this study places particular emphasis on modeling the crossing time over one of the busiest US–Canada bridges, the Ambassador Bridge. Using a month-long volume data from Remote Traffic Microwave Sensors and a yearlong Global Positioning System data for crossing time two sets of ANN models are designed, trained, and validated to perform short-term predictions of (1) the volume of trucks crossing the Ambassador Bridge and (2) the time it takes for the trucks to cross the bridge from one side to the other. The prediction of crossing time is contingent on truck volume on the bridge and therefore separate ANN models were trained to predict the volume. A multilayer feedforward neural network with backpropagation approach was used to train the ANN models. Predicted crossing times from the ANNs have a high correlation with the observed values. Evaluation indicators further confirmed the high forecasting capability of the trained ANN models. The ANN models from this study could be used for short-term forecasting of crossing time that would support operations of ITS technologies.     

Surface street traffic volume and single-family house price

This study investigates the relationship between surface street traffic volume and single-family house prices in a relatively small city in the US. Hedonic price models are estimated using data from 9670 transactions that occurred between January 1998 and March 2011. It is discovered that parcels fronting or adjacent to a high-traffic street sell, on average, at an 8.1% discount compared to similar parcels that are not so situated. Restricting the analysis to parcels on or adjacent to a high-traffic street, house price and traffic volume are found to be negatively related; a doubling of volume from any particular traffic count, ceteris paribus, reduces selling price by an average of 2.1%.     

Bicyclist commuters’ choice of on-street versus off-street route segments

When using limited funds on bicycle facilities, it would be helpful to know the extent to which a new facility will be used. If a bicycle lane is added to a street, how many bicyclists will no longer use the adjacent sidewalk? If a separate bicycle path is constructed, how many bicyclists will move from the street or sidewalk? This study seeks to identify factors that explain a bicyclist’s choice between available facility choices—off-street (sidewalk and bicycle path) or on-street (bicycle lane and roadway). This paper investigates these issues through a survey of bicyclists headed to Purdue University in West Lafayette, IN, USA. The first data collected to address these questions were “site-based”. Bicyclists were interviewed on campus at the end of their trips and asked which part of the cross-sections along their routes they had used—on-street or off-street. The characteristics of a particular cross-section of street right-of-way were then compared against the characteristics of each bicyclist and his/her observed choice of street, sidewalk, lane, or path. Later, “route-based” serial data were also added. The study developed a mixed logit model to analyze the bicyclists’ facility preferences and capture the unobserved heterogeneity across the population. Effective sidewalk width, traffic signals, segment length, road functional class, street pavement condition, and one-way street configuration were found to be statistically significant. A bicycle path is found to be more attractive than a bicycle lane. Predictions from the model can indicate where investments in particular bicycle facilities would have the most desirable response from bicyclists.     

关于高速公路交通安全护栏设置的探讨

交通安全设施是公路建设项目的重要内容之一,文章重点探讨了护栏在高速公路交通安全设施设置中的意义、作用和实施方法,并对承德市在交通安全实践中取得的成果进行了介绍。     

Pedestrian gap acceptance for mid-block street crossing

Abstract

This paper investigates pedestrians' traffic gap acceptance for mid-block street crossing in urban areas. A field survey was carried out at an uncontrolled mid-block location in Athens, Greece. Pedestrians' decisions and traffic conditions were videotaped in terms of the size of traffic gaps rejected or accepted, waiting times and crossing attempts and vehicle speeds. A lognormal regression model was developed to examine pedestrian gap acceptance. It was found that gap acceptance was better explained by the distance from the incoming vehicle, rather than its speed. Other significant effects included illegal parking, presence of other pedestrians and incoming vehicles’ size. A binary logistic regression model was developed to examine the effect of traffic gaps and other parameters on pedestrians' decisions to cross the street or not. The results reveal that this decision is affected by the distance from the incoming vehicles and the waiting times of pedestrians.     

A model of pedestrians’ intended waiting times for street crossings at signalized intersections

For the purposes of both traffic-light control and the design of roadway layouts, it is important to understand pedestrian street-crossing behavior because it is not only crucial for improving pedestrian safety but also helps to optimize vehicle flow. This paper explores the mechanism of pedestrian street crossings during the red-man phase of traffic light signals and proposes a model for pedestrians’ waiting times at signalized intersections. We start from a simplified scenario for a particular pedestrian under specific traffic conditions. Then we take into account the interaction between vehicles and pedestrians via statistical unconditioning. We show that this in general leads to a U-shaped distribution of the pedestrians’ intended waiting time. This U-shaped distribution characterizes the nature of pedestrian street-crossing behavior, showing that in general there are a large proportion of pedestrians who cross the street immediately after arriving at the crossing point, and a large proportion of pedestrians who are willing to wait for the entire red-man phase. The U-shaped distribution is shown to reduce to a J-shaped or L-shaped distribution for certain traffic scenarios. The proposed statistical model was applied to analyze real field data.