TransCAD软件在城市单向交通组织方案中的验证应用

单向交通组织可以改善城市交通拥堵和提高路网利用率,因此,在交通组织管理方案实施前就应对其进行评价与完善,综合分析道路单向运行后的各交通参数,优化单向交通方案,是单向交通组织成功的必要前提。采用美国Caliper公司开发的交通软件TransCAD,对单向交通组织方案进行仿真,通过对比评价组织方案实施后的综合交通效益,确定单向交通组织方案的优劣。     

基于单向交通组织的城市交通微循环网络优化设计

交通微循环是缓解城市干道交通压力、解决城市交通拥堵的一种行之有效的方法,利用干路和干路之间的支路、街巷、里弄等组织交通微循环,可以以较低的成本改善交通状况、缓解城市交通拥堵。单向交通是交通微循环设计中经常采用的交通组织方式之一。论文重点研究了单向交通在城市交通微循环系统中的应用,设计了交通微循环网络组织优化的双层规划模型,上层模型为多目标规划问题,下层模型为容量限制的交通配流模型,并设计了求解的遗传算法,最后通过算例验证了模型的有效性。验证结果表明:与双向交通组织方式相比,单向微循环的交通组织效果更优。     

基于熵权-Topsis的市域铁路与城市轨道交通贯通模式选择研究

市域铁路与城市轨道交通贯通运营能够充分发挥轨道交通整体效益，降低换乘站压力，提升旅客服务水平。针对市域铁路与城市轨道交通贯通运营形式，本文提出城轨单向贯通、市域单向贯通以及双向贯通三种贯通运营模式并分析。考虑线网性能、服务水平、投资成本、运营组织四种影响因素，基于熵权-Topsis法，建立多时段市域铁路与城市轨道交通贯通运营模式综合评价模型。最后以重庆市市域铁路江跳线与轨道交通五号线为案例，利用三种不同分布特征的客流进行研究，综合得出优选模式为市域单向贯通模式，与实际情况一致，验证了模型的准确性，为多种制式轨道交通贯通运营研究和发展提供理论参考。     

单向交通隧道通风控制模式研究

随着我国高速公路建设的迅速发展,公路隧道的数量也越来越多,且多数公路隧道为单向交通隧道,隧道通风多采用纵向通风方式.文章根据实测的大宝山隧道射流风机启动后通风量的变化过程及稳态值,并吸收了一些运营隧道通风控制的经验,通过数值仿真探讨了单向交通隧道纵向通风控制模式及控制规律.     

城市道路慢行交通安全设施精细化设置

本文在阐述慢行交通与公交优先以及缓解城市交通拥堵相互关系的基础上,论述了慢行交通安全设施精细化设置的必要性,对安全岛、人行横道、自行车道等慢行交通设施的人性化设置展开探讨,并列举了实现交通宁静区的交通工程办法,以期对我国构建成熟的慢行交通系统起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

隧道斜井三岔口车辆交通预警系统研究

在当前的隧道施工中,不可避免地要设置斜井来改善隧道的运输条件,而设置斜井后,隧道会存在一定的交通安全隐患。因此,通过设计隧道交通预警系统,改善隧道内环境,优化隧道交通。在具体的研究中先分析了隧道交通预警系统的系统设计,详细阐述了系统安装的过程与内容,其次就隧道交通预警系统分析了其预警的效果。由此发现,在隧道内安装交通预警系统,通过强大的数据分析与监控能力,能有效改善隧道交通,及时发现潜在危险并予以解决。     

浅谈重庆渝合高速某桥斜拉索更换施工过程中交通组织

斜拉桥换索工程日益增多,换索施工与交通保畅相互制约。本文结合重庆渝合高速某桥斜拉索工程的实例,对该桥的交通组织方案进行了阐述,重点介绍了分流引导方案、强制分流点的设置方案、交通组织措施、应急预案等,特别是强制分流点的设置方案对限制超载超高车辆进入施工现场比较可行。为以后类似工程提供参考。     

信号控制交叉口左转掉头设置方式分析

左转掉头交通是平面交叉口转向交通的重要构成部分,左转掉头位置是否合理直接影响着交叉口的通行能力和运行效率。文章分析了信号控制交叉口左转掉头的交通影响因素,并通过归纳分析我国现有的3种左转掉头设置方式的优劣,提出了合理的左转掉头设置方式,同时阐述了左转掉头的空间设计要求。     

我国高速公路交通标志人性化设置的探讨

本文围绕高速公路交通标志的信息过载、进出口处交通标志设置、安全车距确认标志设置三个问题展开讨论,并基于驾驶人的驾驶习惯和反应特性,对交通信息过载消除方法、进出口处交通标志设置原则以及安全车距确认标志内容与设置位置进行了深入分析,结合具体案例提出了如何进行人性化设置的思路。     

考虑环保的交叉口综合待行区设置及综合评价

设置综合待行区的信号交叉口评价指标多以体现交通运行状态为主,难以体现交通环保的影响.本文通过实地调查,根据交叉口综合待行区设置条件和设置原理,在东西主干道上设置了综合待行区,运用VISSIM仿真软件输出相关数据值,选取了排队长度、平均信号控制延误、平均停车次数、一氧化碳、氮氧化物、总悬浮颗粒物作为评价指标,基于专家评分和优序图法对实际交叉口综合待行区设置前后进行综合评价,结果显示,设置综合待行区使得交叉口运行效率有所改善,但考虑环保后的评价结果有所下降.交叉口综合待行区的设置能够为分析解决交叉口交通问题提供借鉴.     

基于元胞自动机的双车道变道交通流特性研究

在庞杂的城市交通环境下,驾驶员为了寻求更快的速度,常常采用主动的换道行为。由于汽车使用量逐年增长,换道引起的交通事故经常发生。研究车辆变道行为,寻求有效措施减少交通事故的发生,对提高道路安全性具有积极的意义。本文以多车道系统中车辆变道行为为研究对象,以元胞自动机理论为基础,对比分析单向单车道、单向双车道换道行为,并运用MATLAB仿真软件进行分析,获得变道交通流的相关特性曲线。     

公路隧道自然通风适用长度的初步研究(下)——高等级公路单向行驶隧道

文章针对车辆为单向行驶的高等级公路隧道,研究分析了无需进行机械通风而仅采用自然通风的隧道最大长度,该长度与交通量、行车速度、隧道纵坡、交通车辆类型、稀释标准等因素有关。作者经过大量计算得出几组图表,在设计时可以很方便地利用这些图表判定具体的隧道工程是否可以采用自然通风。     

Platoon-based traffic flow model for estimating breakdown probability at single-lane expressway bottlenecks

This study investigates the mechanism of traffic breakdown and establishes a traffic flow model that precisely simulates the stochastic and dynamic processes of traffic flow at a bottleneck. The proposed model contains two models of stochastic processes associated with traffic flow dynamics: a model of platoon formation behind a bottleneck and a model of speed transitions within a platoon. After these proposed models are validated, they are applied to a simple one-way, one-lane expressway section containing a bottleneck, and the stochastic nature of traffic breakdown is demonstrated through theoretical exercises.     

Can high speed rail offset its embedded emissions?

This paper analyzes the climate implications of investments in high speed railway lines given uncertainty in future transport demand, technology and power production. To capture the uncertainty of estimated parameters, distributions for the annual traffic emissions reduction required to compensate for the embedded emissions from the construction of infrastructure are calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. In order to balance the annualized emissions from the railway construction, traffic volumes of more than 10 million annual one-way trips are usually required. Most of the traffic diverted from other modes must come from aviation and the project cannot involve the extensive use of tunnels.     

高速公路单向交通隧道内最大纵坡设计研究

文章根据对隧道内施工运输、排水和通风等最大纵坡控制因素的分析,提出了隧道内单向交通连续上坡路段最大纵坡的建议值,以及长大隧道内增大坡度的技术措施,可供公路设计参考和借鉴。     

Development and implementation of the areawide Dynamic ROad traffic NoisE (DRONE) simulator

This paper discusses the areawide Dynamic ROad traffic NoisE (DRONE) simulator, and its implementation as a tool for noise abatement policy evaluation. DRONE involves integrating a road traffic noise estimation model with a traffic simulator to estimate road traffic noise in urban networks. An integrated traffic simulation-noise estimation model provides an interface for direct input of traffic flow properties from simulation model to noise estimation model that in turn estimates the noise on a spatial and temporal scale. The output from DRONE is linked with a geographical information system for visual representation of noise levels in the form of noise contour maps.     

Vehicle actuated signal performance under general traffic at an isolated intersection

We study green extension of a two-phased vehicle actuated signal at an isolated intersection between two one-way streets. The green phase is extended by a preset time interval, referred to as critical gap, from the time of a vehicle actuation at an advance detector. The green phase switches if there is no arrival during the critical gap. We develop an exact model to study the intersection performance with traffic following Poisson processes. We further extend the model to approximate the case of general traffic. Our model in the general case works well compared with Monte Carlo simulation. A few major observations include: (1) The optimal critical gap decreases with the traffic; (2) The optimal critical gap can be much larger (up to 5 s) than the common presumption of 2–3 s; (3) Queue clearance policy is not nearly optimal in general even in the case of heavy traffic.     

Enhanced traffic information dissemination to facilitate toll road utilization: a nested logit model of a stated preference survey in Texas

This paper investigates the effects of the provision of traffic information on toll road usage based on a stated preference survey conducted in central Texas. Although many researchers have studied congestion pricing and traffic information dissemination extensively, most of them focused on the effects that these instruments individually produce on transportation system performance. Few studies have been conducted to elaborate on the impacts of traffic information dissemination on toll road utilization. In this study, 716 individuals completed a survey to measure representative public opinions and preferences for toll road usage in support of various traffic information dissemination classified by different modes, contents, and timeliness categories. A nested logit model was developed and estimated to identify the significant attributes of traffic information dissemination, traveler commuting patterns, routing behavior, and demographic characteristics, and analyze their impacts on toll road utilization. The results revealed that the travelers using dynamic message sign systems as their primary mode of receiving traffic information are more likely to choose toll roads. The potential toll road users also indicated their desire to obtain traffic information via internet. Information regarding accident locations, road hazard warnings, and congested roads is frequently sought by travelers. Furthermore, high-quality congested road information dissemination can significantly enhance travelers’ preferences of toll road usage. Specifically the study found that travelers anticipated an average travel time saving of about 11.3 min from better information; this is about 30 % of travelers’ average one-way commuting time. The mean value of the time savings was found to be about $11.82 per hour, close to ½ of the average Austin wage rate. The model specifications and result analyses provide in-depth insights in interpreting travelers’ behavioral tendencies of toll road utilization in support of traffic information. The results are also helpful to shape and develop future transportation toll system and transportation policy.     

Optimal mainstream traffic flow control of large-scale motorway networks

The continuously increasing daily traffic congestions on motorway networks around the world call for innovative control measures that would drastically improve the current traffic conditions. Mainstream traffic flow control (MTFC) is proposed as a novel and efficient motorway traffic management tool, and its possible implementation and principal impact on traffic flow efficiency is analysed. Variable speed limits, suitably operated and enforced, is considered as one (out of several possible) way(s) for MTFC realisation, either as a stand-alone measure or in combination with ramp metering. A previously developed, computationally efficient software tool for optimal integrated motorway network traffic control including MTFC is applied to a large-scale motorway ring-road. It is demonstrated via several investigated control scenarios that traffic flow can be substantially improved via MTFC with or without integration with coordinated ramp metering actions.     

Statistical methods for detecting nonlinearity and non-stationarity in univariate short-term time-series of traffic volume

Short-term traffic volume data are characterized by rapid and intense fluctuations with frequent shifts to congestion. Currently, research in short-term traffic forecasting deals with these phenomena either by smoothing them or by accounting for them by nonlinear models. But, these approaches lead to inefficient predictions particularly when the data exhibit intense oscillations or frequent shifts to boundary conditions (congestion). This paper offers a set of tools and methods to assess on underlying statistical properties of short-term traffic volume data, a topic that has largely been overlooked in traffic forecasting literature. Results indicate that the statistical characteristics of traffic volume can be identified from prevailing traffic conditions; for example, volume data exhibit frequent shifts from deterministic to stochastic structures as well as transitions between cyclic and strongly nonlinear behaviors. These findings could be valuable in the implementation of a variable prediction strategy according to the statistical characteristics of the prevailing traffic volume states.