17000载重吨油船结构疲劳分析的快速估算方法(英文)

Fatigue cracks and fatigue damage have been important issues for ships and offshore structures for a long time.However,in the last decade,with the introduction of higher tensile steel in hull structures and increasingly large ship dimensions,the greater attention should be paid to fatigue problems.Most research focuses on how to more easily access the fatigue strength of ships.Also,the major classification societies have already released their fatigue assessment notes.However,due to the complexity of factors influencing fatigue performances,such as wave load and pressure from cargo,the combination of different stress components,stress on concentration of local structure details,means stress,and the corrosive environments,there are different specifications with varying classification societies,leading to the different results from different fatigue assessment methods.This paper established the Det Norske Veritas(DNV) classification notes "fatigue assessment of ship structures" that explains the process of fatigue assessment and simplified methods.Finally,a fatigue analysis was performed by use data of a real ship and the reliability of the result was assessed.     

Finite element simplified fatigue analysis method for a non-tubular joint of an offshore jacket platform

This paper proposes the finite element simplified fatigue analysis method for fatigue evaluation of the composite non-tubular joint structure of an offshore jacket subjected to wave loads. The skirt pile sleeve of the offshore jacket, which had been in service, was taken as an example of the non-tubular joint structure. SACS software was used for global analysis of multi-directional wave loads for the jacket platform, and ALGOR software was used to build a finite element model, perform finite element analysis, post-process stress results for acquiring the stress range, and perform fatigue evaluation. The analysis results indicate that the extreme stress range is within the allowable stress range and meets the requirements of DNV code. That means the simplified fatigue analysis method is effective and can be used in fatigue design for the non-tubular joint structure of an offshore jacket.     

双平面焊接圆管截面DKT节点的中心撑杆鞍点及冠点位置的应力集中系数(英文)

A set of parametric stress analyses was carried out for two-planar tubular DKT-joints under different axial loading conditions.The analysis results were used to present general remarks on the effects of the geometrical parameters on stress concentration factors(SCFs) at the inner saddle,outer saddle,and crown positions on the central brace.Based on results of finite element(FE) analysis and through nonlinear regression analysis,a new set of SCF parametric equations was established for fatigue design purposes.An assessment study of equations was conducted against the experimental data and original SCF database.The satisfaction of acceptance criteria proposed by the UK Department of Energy(UK DoE) was also checked.Results of parametric study showed that highly remarkable differences exist between the SCF values in a multi-planar DKT-joint and the corresponding SCFs in an equivalent uni-planar KT-joint having the same geometrical properties.It can be clearly concluded from this observation that using the equations proposed for uni-planar KT-connections to compute the SCFs in multi-planar DKT-joints will lead to either considerably under-predicting or over-predicting results.Hence,it is necessary to develop SCF formulae specially designed for multi-planar DKT-joints.Good results of equation assessment according to UK DoE acceptance criteria,high values of correlation coefficients,and the satisfactory agreement between the predictions of the proposed equations and the experimental data guarantee the accuracy of the equations.Therefore,the developed equations can be reliably used for fatigue design of offshore structures.     

Improving longitudinal motion prediction of hybrid monohulls with the viscous effect

A new method improves prediction of the motion of a hybrid monohull in regular waves. Stem section hydrodynamic coefficients of a hybrid monohull with harmonic oscillation were computed using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANSE). The governing equations were solved using the finite volume method. The VOF method was used for free surface treatment, and RNGК-ε turbulence model was employed in viscous flow calculation. The whole computational domain was divided into many blocks each with structured grids, and the dynamic process was treated with moving grids. Using a 2-D strip method and 2.5D theory with the correction hydrodynamic coefficients allows consideration of the viscous effect when predicting longitudinal motion of a hybrid monohull in regular waves. The method is effective at predicting motion of a hybrid monohull, showing that the viscous effect on a semi-submerged body cannot be ignored.     

Wave load computation in direct strength analysis of semi-submersible platform structures

A wave load computation approach in direct strength analysis of semi-submersible platform structures was presented in this paper. Considering the differences in shape of pontoon, column and beam, the combination of accumulative chord length cubic parameter spline theory and analytic method was adopted for generating the wet surface mesh of platform. The hydrodynamic coefficients of platform were calculated by the three-dimensional potential flow theory of the linear hydrodynamic problem for platform with low forward speed. The equation of platform motions was established and solved in frequency domain, and the responses of wave-induced loads on the platform can be obtained. With the interpolation method being utilized, the pressure loads on shell elements for finite element analysis(FEA) were converted from those on the hydrodynamic computation mesh, which pave the basis for FEA with commercial software. A computer program based on this method has been developed ,and a calculation example of semi-submersible platform was illustrated. Analysis results show that this method is a satisfying approach of wave loads computation for this kind of platform.     

浅水短波Degasperis-Procesi方程的环形孤立波解(英文)

An analytic method, i.e. the homotopy analysis method, was applied for constructing the solutions of the short waves model equations associated with the Degasperis-Procesi (DP) shallow water waves equation. The explicit analytic solutions of loop soliton governing the propagation of short waves were obtained. By means of the transformation of independent variables, an analysis one-loop soliton solution expressed by a series of exponential functions was obtained, which agreed well with the exact solution. The results reveal the validity and great potential of the homotopy analysis method in solving complicated solitary water wave problems.     

Stress analysis of the subsea dynamic riser baseprocess piping

Thesubsea dynamic riser base （SDRB） is an important piece of equipment for the floating production platform mooring system.One end is connected to the rigid pipeline, carrying a rigid pipeline thermal expansion load and the other end is connected to a flexible riser, carrying the dynamic load of the flexible riser, so its function is a transition connection between the flexible riser and the rigid pipeline which fixes the flexible riser on the seabed. On the other hand. as a typical subsea product, the design will satisfythe requirements of the standards for subsea products. By studying the stress analysisphilosophy of the topside piping and subsea pipeline, a physical model and procedure for piping stress analysis of the SDRB have been established.The conditions of the adverse design load have been considered, and a combination of the static load from the rigid pipeline and the dynamic load flexibility has also been optimized. And a comparative analysis between the AMSE, DNV and API standards for piping stress with the checking rules has been done.Because theSDRB belongs to the subsea pipeline terminal product, the use of DNV standards to check its process piping stress is recommended. Finally, the process piping stress of the SDRB has been calculated, and the results show that the jacket pipe and the carrier pipe stress of the SDRB process piping satisfy the DNV standards as a whole.The bulkhead cannot be accurately simulated by the AutoPIPE software which uses the FEA software ANSYS inthe detailed analysis, but the checking results will still meet the requirements of the DNV standards.     

Dynamic plastic response of clamped stiffened plates with large deflection

Study on the dynamic response, and especially the nonlinear dynamic response of stiffened plates is complicated by their discontinuity and inhomogeneity. The finite element method （FEM） and the finite strip method are usually adopted in their analysis. Although many useful conclusions have been obtained, the computational cost is enormous. Based on some assumptions, the dynamic plastic response of clamped stiffened plates with large deflections was theoretically investigated herein by a singly symmetric beam model. Firstly, the deflection conditions that a plastic string must satisfy were obtained by the linearized moment-axial force interaction curve for singly symmetric cross sections and the associated plastic flow rule. Secondly, the possible motion mechanisms of the beam under different load intensity were analysed in detail. For structures with plastic deformations, a simplified method was then given that the arbitrary impact load can be replaced equivalently by a rectangular pulse. Finally, to confirm the validity of the proposed method, the dynamic plastic response of a one-way stiffened plate with four fully clamped edges was calculated. The theoretical results were in good agreement with those of FEM. It indicates that the present calculation model is easy and feasible, and the equivalent substitution of load almost has no influence on the final deflection.     

集束塔式立管总体强度分析(英文)

Bundled hybrid offset riser (BHOR) global strength analysis, which is more complex than single line offset riser global strength analysis, was carried out in this paper. At first, the equivalent theory is used to deal with BHOR, and then its global strength in manifold cases was analyzed, along with the use of a three-dimensional nonlinear time domain finite element program. So the max bending stress, max circumferential stress, and max axial stress in the BHOR bundle main section (BMS) were obtained, and the values of these three stresses in each riser were obtained through the "stress distribution method". Finally, the Max Von Mises stress in each riser was given and a check was made whether or not they met the demand. This paper provides a reference for strength analysis of the bundled hybrid offset riser and some other bundled pipelines.     

船舶结构疲劳评估设计波法

以散货船船舯内底与底边舱斜板折角处节点为例,对船舶结构疲劳评估的设计波法进行研究.论述了设计波法的基本原理,给出了确定设计波的流程。通过分析该节点的受力情况,确定5个控制载荷参数及设计波参数。以谱分析法得到的参考应力范围为目标值,对5个控制载荷参数对应的设计波作用下的节点应力范围结果进行回归分析,从而得到了用于疲劳评估的设计波组合,并利用该方法对1艘散货船的船舯内底与底边舱斜板折角处的节点进行了计算。结果显示,设计波法与谱分析法的结果吻合较好,计算量大幅减少。     

船舶舱口角隅疲劳强度及热点应力研究

舱口角隅部分的疲劳问题是疲劳分析的重要内容.本文建立了某船的全船有限元模型并分别采用嵌入式模型和外部模型对舱口角隅进行细化.比较不同的单元类型、热点应力选取方式对疲劳损伤的影响.同时采用直接计算的谱分析方法计算了舱口角隅的疲劳损伤.发现当选用最大主应力作为热点应力时实体单元计算结果较壳单元偏小.同一类型单元节点数目的不同对损伤结果影响不大.热点应力选取方式对疲劳损伤的计算影响较大,在对舱口角隅疲劳强度进行分析时建议选用最大主应力插值的方式计算热点应力.     

42000吨散货船结构疲劳可靠性评估

本文从可靠性概念出发，对沪东造船厂建造的42000吨散货船甲板角隅结构疲劳强度进行安全评估。评估中考虑了疲劳数据的离散性、应力分析的误差以及波浪载荷的随机性等不确定因素，结果表明，该船甲板角隅的疲劳可靠性水平在0．98以上，即失效概率小于0．02，较好地反映了该船的实际情况。该评估方法也可用于集装箱船甲板大开口疲劳安全评估。选择合适的可靠性水平，保证角隅恰当的疲劳强度，避免角隅疲劳裂纹的产生，对集装箱船结构安全具有实际意义。     

不同工况对克令吊舱口角隅应力的影响

利用MSC Patran和MSC Nastran软件对3 750 TEU集装箱船舱口角隅进行结构强度有限元细化分析,主要研究了克令吊在5种危险工况作用下,舱口角隅的应力集中问题,为舱口角隅疲劳分析提供了计算依据。     

A practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures

Container ship structures are characterized by large hatch openings. Due to this structural property, they are subject to large diagonal deformations of hatch openings and warping stresses under complex torsional moments in waves. This necessitates torsional strength assessment of hull girder of container ships in their structural design stage. In this paper, a practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures with transparent and consistent background is discussed based on the results from up-to-date analyses. In order to estimate the torsional response characteristics as accurately as possible, three-dimensional Rankine source method, after being validated by tank tests, is employed for estimation of wave loads on a container ship, and FE analyses are conducted on the entire-ship model under the estimated loads. Then, a dominant regular wave condition under which the torsional response of the container ship becomes maximum is specified. Design loads for torsional strength assessment that give torsional response equivalent to the long-term predicted values of torsional response are investigated based on the torsional moments on several container ships under the specified dominant wave condition. An appropriate combination of stress components to estimate the total hull girder stress is also discussed.     

基于共同规范的散货船货舱口角隅疲劳强度评估

根据《散货船结构共同规范》（CSR）中疲劳强度评估的要求,使用MSC.Patran/Nastran和中国船级社开发的CSR自动加载程序,对176 000 dwt散货船货舱口角隅处进行疲劳强度分析。建立货舱口角隅处的结构有限元模型并细化网格,进行热点应力分析,根据线性疲劳累计损伤原理,进行了疲劳累计损伤计算,结果表明货舱口角隅处的疲劳强度满足规范要求。     

大型集装箱船在斜浪工况下的扭矩特征研究及结构强度分析

随着大型集装箱船的发展,针对斜浪条件下扭矩载荷特性及其结构强度的分析研究日益重要.本文采用选定的某大型集装箱船开展动态载荷(DLA)分析,建立了水动力湿表面计算模型和质量模型,研究基于扭矩传递函数和主要载荷控制参数的斜浪设计波参数确定方法,分析超越概率水平对扭矩载荷计算结果的影响.考虑典型斜浪参数和超越概率水平,分析对比DLA扭矩与船舶规范(ABS和HCSR)扭矩的差异及原因,提出集装箱船扭矩载荷计算与应用的建议.在此基础上,选定3个斜浪计算工况(45°,60°和75°)开展结构强度分析,通过分析应力计算云图,研究扭矩载荷下船体结构响应的关键位置及其应力趋势.该研究可为大型集装箱船结构设计过程中船体梁扭转强度计算、舱口角隅设计、抗扭箱强度评估等方面提供有益的参考.     

1700TEU集装箱船甲板舱口角隅疲劳强度评估

在消化吸收德国劳氏船级社（GL）规范的基础上，对沪东造船厂建造的1700TEU集装箱船大开口甲板舱口角隅进行了疲劳强度分析和评估，并讨论了主要参数对采用简化疲劳强度评估方法所得到的评估结果的影响。计算结果表明，该方法对集装箱船大开口甲板舱口角隅处的结构设计具有一定的实用意义和参考价值。     

基于设计波的载重3600t干货船结构强度直接计算分析

为准确评估超规范的载重3600t大通舱干货船的弯扭强度及变形水平,采取全船水动力分析及全船有限元直接计算的方法,对各工况下的主要载荷参数进行长期预报,推导出对应等效设计波各参数。根据等效设计波求出各工况全船所受的波浪诱导动载荷,施加到全船有限元模型上,进而对船体弯扭强度及变形水平进行评估。比较了单舱船及货舱中部设一道横舱壁的两舱船,得出单舱船屈曲强度不足的结论,并提出改善屈曲强度的方案。     

薄膜型LNG船全船结构屈服和疲劳强度分析

以某薄膜型液化天然气（Liquefied Natural Gas，LNG）船的结构设计为例，开展全船屈服强度校核和基于精细网格的有限元疲劳强度分析。针对5种典型装载状态，基于美国船级社（American Bureau of Shipping，ABS）全船强度直接计算指南，采用ABS-DLA/SFA系列软件，用三维波浪载荷预报程序对波浪随机载荷进行长期预报。基于预报结果，针对每种装载状态计算15个设计波参数组，求解全船结构在各载荷组合工况下的应力分布，继而完成屈服强度校核。以甲板机械室与穹顶甲板相交处的关键节点区域的节点设计为例开展细网格局部强度分析，并通过各种改进设计解决应力集中问题。针对2种常用典型操作装载状态及营运于北大西洋海区疲劳寿命满足40a的要求，基于ABS全船疲劳强度直接计算指南计算2个典型细化位置热点应力传递函数，通过谱分析得到疲劳累积损伤和疲劳寿命，完成疲劳强度校核。采用的全船强度和疲劳分析方法和思路适用于其他超大型船舶的结构分析。