串列双立管螺旋列板抑制涡激振动的数值模拟

在波浪和洋流的作用下,深水立管两侧会出现周期性的漩涡脱落,这一现象极易引发涡激振动,使得立管出现疲劳损伤,显著降低其服役寿命。同时,当立管间距较近时,还会产生流场干涉效应。为研究立管之间的相互干涉作用及螺旋列板对双立管涡激振动的抑制效果,本文采用大涡模拟(LES)的方法,对Re=3 900均匀来流下的串列双立管的涡激振动响应进行三维数值分析。并针对不同的立管间距(3D,5D,8D,D为立管直径)以及附加螺旋列板的情况,建模分析了立管的水动力系数,并进一步探究了螺旋列板对双立管涡激振动的抑制效果。研究结果表明:对于串列双立管情况,下游立管受到上游立管尾涡和自身漩涡脱落的影响,升力系数幅值较单立管时更大。在3种立管间距工况中,立管间距为3D时下游立管升力系数最大,8D时升阻力系数接近单立管情况。附加螺旋列板能有效抑制双立管涡激振动,双立管升力系数明显减小,从而减少了立管的振幅响应。附加螺旋列板双立管之间的相互作用与光滑双立管之间的相互作用总体趋势相似。并且由于列板的分流作用,彻底破坏了立管的脱涡方式,在立管后形成了间距很小,近乎平行的尾涡。     

钢悬链式立管涡激振动疲劳损伤参数分析

针对钢悬链式立管的结构特性,采用了简化后的振动模型。先对立管进行了模态分析;再根据立管的模态特性结合环境水流参数,采用模态叠加法对立管进行了涡激振动疲劳损伤分析。分析过程中,通过改变流速大小、立管壁厚、立管外径、内部介质以及抑制立管涡激振动的螺旋列板长度等参数,对立管的涡激振动疲劳损伤进行了相应的参数分析。结果表明:立管疲劳损伤随水流速度的增大、立管外径的增大以及内部介质密度的降低呈现上升趋势,但是壁厚变化对立管疲劳损伤大小影响却不显著。     

螺旋列板对立管涡激振动的影响

为更好地理解螺旋列板对涡激振动(VIV)的影响,采用大涡模拟(LES)的方法,对长径比为10的立管和不同螺距、螺高的螺旋列板进行模拟分析。结果表明:附加螺旋列板加大了顺流向的阻力,并且在螺高一定时,阻力随着螺距的加大而增大;与螺距相比,螺旋列板的高度对立管VIV的影响更大,且随高度增大,抑制效果越好。     

基于模型试验的实尺度立管涡激振动响应预报方法研究

为了研究立管涡激振动模型试验与实尺度立管涡激振动响应之间的相互关系问题,文章从模型试验的相似理论出发,基于涡激振动预报方法的理论分析;通过对模型试验中按照相似理论换算得到的流速进行调整的方法,改变模型立管的涡激振动响应,并逼近实尺度立管的涡激振动响应.结果表明:通过调整试验流速,提高试验的雷诺数,可以使立管模型的涡激振动响应模态数、无量纲振幅RMS(A/D)响应与实尺寸立管很好地符合.针对不同的缩尺比模型,给出了立管模型试验流速与其模拟的真实流速之间的对应关系式.     

螺旋列板绕流流场CFD分析

隔水管是海洋钻井作业的关键设备,其安全性至关重要.涡激振动是隔水管失效的重要因素.水深小于500m时,优化隔水管系统可以避免使用涡激抑制装置,超过1000m,必须采用涡激抑制装置.螺旋列板是现场常用的涡激抑制装置.基于流体动力学方法,利用FLUENT软件求解螺旋列板三维绕流流场的控制方程,同时计算了钝体隔水管三维绕流流场,流场参数(升力系数、曳力系数、涡量等)特征进行对比分析,显示出螺旋列板在涡激抑制方面的优势.计算结果表明,虽然螺旋列板能够减小横向升力,但同时会导致流向曳力明显增加.     

串列双立管涡激振动抑制研究

实际工程中深海立管常以管群的方式出现,当立管彼此相互靠近时,会发生流场干涉效应。为研究立管间相互干涉作用及螺旋侧板抑制双立管涡激振动的效果,本文基于Ansys Workbench平台,采用双向流固耦合技术对Re=7 800均匀来流下长径比为482的串列双立管进行三维数值模拟。结果表明,立管轴间距为5D时立管间有完整的涡旋脱落,下游立管在上游立管的尾流诱导下产生振动,双立管横向振动锁定在二阶模态,且振动方向相反。附加螺旋侧板能有效削弱双立管振动频率,降低上游立管横向振动幅值,但下游立管两向位移响应变化不大。     

串列双立管涡激振动抑制研究

实际工程中深海立管常以管群的方式出现,当立管彼此相互靠近时,会发生流场干涉效应。为研究立管间相互干涉作用及螺旋侧板抑制双立管涡激振动的效果,本文基于Ansys Workbench平台,采用双向流固耦合技术对Re=7800均匀来流下长径比为482的串列双立管进行三维数值模拟。结果表明,立管轴间距为5D时立管间有完整的涡旋脱落,下游立管在上游立管的尾流诱导下产生振动,双立管横向振动锁定在二阶模态,且振动方向相反。附加螺旋侧板能有效削弱双立管振动频率,降低上游立管横向振动幅值,但下游立管两向位移响应变化不大。     

剪切流作用下立管涡激响应的研究

为研究剪切流作用下立管的涡激振动问题,文章建立了三维立管的涡激动力响应方程,顺流方向的力通过Morison方程求解;横向涡激力采用改进的尾流阵子模型求解,考虑了附加质量的变化;轴向力的计算考虑平台升沉运动的影响。采用有限单元法离散控制方程,离散后的方程采用Newmark-β法在时域求解。在此基础上,研究了剪切流作用下立管的多模态涡激振动响应,讨论了剪切参数对立管涡激动力响应的影响,并比较了均匀流和剪切流条件下立管不同的响应特征。结果表明,剪切参数对立管的涡激响应动力响应有很大的影响,剪切流条件下立管呈现的多模态响应极为复杂,与均匀来流条件下的振幅和频率响应特点明显不同。     

柔性立管涡激振动响应轨迹特性研究

为了深入研究细长柔性立管的涡激振动响应特性,进行了柔性立管的拖曳水池试验。由拖车拖动立管产生相对来流,根据应变测试得到的应变数据,基于模态叠加法得到位移响应。试验分析前,通过数值方法先针对刚性立管的涡激振动响应轨迹特性进行了分析。紧接着,通过试验方法对柔性立管的单模态以及多模态涡激振动响应轨迹特性进行了深入的分析和讨论。通过分析发现:柔性立管在低速下具有与刚性立管类似的轨迹响应特性,均呈现经典的8字形状;柔性立管在高速下,其轨迹开始变得混乱,这主要是由位移的多模态响应特性所产生。     

表面粗糙度对立管涡激振动响应影响的试验研究

应用模型试验的方法,研究了表面粗糙度对立管涡激振动响应特性的影响规律,对不同粗糙度条件下立管所受拖曳力、升力、端部张力、漩涡泄放频率、结构振动响应频率、位移响应等参数的变化规律进行了对比分析。结果表明:与立管横向振动相比,立管流向振动更早出现锁定现象,因此当折合速度较低时,立管流向振动的涡激振动响应要大于横向振动。立管张力均存在两个峰值频率,其中一个峰值频率为主导频率,与拖曳力主导频率吻合,由流向涡激振动所产生;另一个峰值频率为主导频率的一半,与升力主导频率吻合,由横向涡激振动所产生。因此可以看出:横向涡激振动与流向涡激振动通过张力作用而相互影响。与光滑立管相比,表面粗糙度降低了立管的涡激振动位移响应,减小了涡激振动的锁定区域,但提高了漩涡泄放频率。对于不同粗糙度下的粗糙立管,随着粗糙度的增加,立管的锁定区域开始点逐渐提前,锁定结束点逐渐推迟,锁定区域逐渐变宽。     

螺旋侧板的高度对VIV影响的CFD分析

深水立管在来流作用下容易产生流向和横向的周期性位移振动(VIV),这种流固耦合作用会加剧立管结构疲劳,最终导致其功能失效。之前的研究发现螺旋侧板可以有效的抑制VIV的影响,其中侧板高度和螺距等几何参数决定其抑制效率。文章主要基于CFD对不同高度螺旋侧板的立管的尾流场进行数值模拟。结果表明:在研究范围内,螺旋侧板随高度增大抑制VIV效果越好,在H=0.25D(D为立管直径)时作用最佳,但拖曳力系数明显增大,同时来流方向和螺旋侧板的夹角也会影响其抑制效率。     

Reduction of VIV using suppression devices—An empirical approach

Helical strakes are known to reduce and even eliminate the oscillation amplitude of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). This reduction will increase the fatigue life. The optimum length and position of the helical strakes for a given riser will vary with the current profile.

The purpose of the present paper is to describe how data from VIV experiments with suppressing devices like fairings and strakes can be implemented into a theoretical VIV model. The computer program is based on an empirical model for calculation of VIV. Suppression devices can be accounted for by using user-defined data for hydrodynamic coefficients, i.e. lift and damping coefficients, for the selected segments.

The effect of strakes on fatigue damage due to cross flow VIV is illustrated for a vertical riser exposed to sheared and uniform current. Comparison of measured and calculated fatigue life is performed for a model riser equipped with helical strakes. A systematic study of length of a section with strakes for a set of current profiles is done and the results are also presented.     

表面粗糙度对立管涡激振动响应影响的试验研究

应用模型试验的方法,研究了表面粗糙度对立管涡激振动响应特性的影响规律,对不同粗糙度条件下立管所受拖曳力、升力、端部张力、漩涡泄放频率、结构振动响应频率、位移响应等参数的变化规律进行了对比分析。结果表明：与立管横向振动相比,立管流向振动更早出现锁定现象,因此当折合速度较低时,立管流向振动的涡激振动响应要大于横向振动。立管张力均存在两个峰值频率,其中一个峰值频率为主导频率,与拖曳力主导频率吻合,由流向涡激振动所产生;另一个峰值频率为主导频率的一半,与升力主导频率吻合,由横向涡激振动所产生。因此可以看出：横向涡激振动与流向涡激振动通过张力作用而相互影响。与光滑立管相比,表面粗糙度降低了立管的涡激振动位移响应,减小了涡激振动的锁定区域,但提高了漩涡泄放频率。对于不同粗糙度下的粗糙立管,随着粗糙度的增加,立管的锁定区域开始点逐渐提前,锁定结束点逐渐推迟,锁定区域逐渐变宽。     

顶张力对深水刚性立管涡激振动及疲劳损伤的影响

分析讨论顶张力对深水刚性立管在剪切流中的涡激振动响应和疲劳损伤的影响。从理论上分析张力对刚性立管固有特性的影响,并利用OrcaFlex软件建立数值模型,模拟不同顶张力系数下立管于剪切流中的涡激振动响应,同时采用S-N曲线法计算立管疲劳损伤。结果表明,顶张力对立管的影响直接体现在刚度上,立管刚度随着张力的增大而增大,因此顶张力对降低立管疲劳损伤有一定积极作用。但是随着顶张力的增大,其对降低疲劳损伤的贡献越来越小,而对立管强度储备的危害却逐渐增大。     

LQR control on multimode vortex-induced vibration of flexible riser undergoing shear flow

Under the actions of ocean currents and/or waves, deep-sea flexible risers are often subject to vortex-induced vibration (VIV). The VIV can lead to severe fatigue and structural safety issues caused by oscillatory periodic stress and large-amplitude displacement. As flexible risers have natural modes with lower frequency and higher density, a multimode VIV is likely to occur in risers under the action of ocean currents, which is considered as shear flow. To decrease the response level of the VIV of the riser actively, a multimode control approach that uses a bending moment at the top end of the riser via an LQR optimal controller is developed in this study. The dynamic equations of a flexible riser including the control bending moment in shear flow are established both in the time and state-space domains. The LQR controllers are then designed to optimize the objective function, which indicates the minimum cost of the riser's VIV response and control input energy based on the Riccati equation of the closed-loop system under the assumption that the lift coefficient distribution is constant. Finally, the VIV responses of both the original and closed-loop systems under different flow velocities are examined through numerical simulations. The results demonstrate that the designed active control approaches can effectively reduce the riser displacement/angle by approximately 71%–89% compared with that of the original system. Further, for multimode control, the presented mode-weighted control is more effective than the mode-averaged control; the decrease in displacement is approximately 1.13 times than that of the mode-averaged control. Owing to the increase in flow velocity as more and higher-order modes are excited, the VIV response of the original system decreases slightly while the frequency response gradually increases. For the closed-loop system, the response becomes smaller and more complicated, and the efficiency of the controller becomes lower at a certain flow velocity.     

海洋立管涡激振动抑制装置模型试验研究

本文提出三种不同的涡激振动抑制装置设计方案：扰流纤维抑制装置、反向耦合单组双螺旋叶片式抑制装置以及反向耦合双组双螺旋叶片式抑制装置,分别对其进行试验研究,对比分析各模型的振动特性和抑制效果。实验结果表明：所设计的涡激振动抑制装置,均能在一定程度上降低立管的涡激振动响应。从抑制效果来看,对称来流情况下的双组双螺旋装置的效果最佳,其次为单组双螺旋装置和长扰流纤维装置,而短扰流纤维装置和非对称迎流情况下双组双螺旋装置的效果较差。对称来流和非对称迎流情况下的双组双螺旋装置是相同的,因此,采用双组双螺旋装置时,应根据海域的长期洋流方向,合理地布置该装置,使其最大限度地发挥抑制作用.     

VIV response of a flexible cylinder with varied coverage by buoyancy elements and helical strakes

Many significant engineering challenges have emerged as the petroleum industry has moved their field development and production activities into increasingly deeper water depths. The design of deepwater marine risers presents the combined challenges to minimize top tensioning requirements, mitigate any flow-induced vibrations, and if possible to increase the expected fatigue life of these slender structural members. As part of the design process to achieve these goals external buoyancy modules and strakes have been employed. To gain insight into the complex multi-mode response behavior a recent experimental study was performed and the analysis of selected data sets is presented. In the experiments a horizontal cylinder with a length to diameter ratio of 263 was fitted with a variety of strake and buoyancy element configurations. The models were towed at uniform speeds ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 m/s and fiber optic strain gages were used to measure both in-line and cross-flow strain response. The resulting time series information was processed utilizing the method of time domain decomposition formulated for strain data input and the introduction of modal assurance criterion to resolve the modal strain information that included frequency, mode shape, and critical damping ratio information. The pre-tensioned cylinder without appendages was used as a base case and the results were basically consistent with expectations. In the case of 0.8 m/s low-tension test, multiple closely spaced non-overlapping peaks were observed in both in-line and cross-flow directions and were identified as being of the same mode with mode shapes distorted away from purely sinusoidal behavior. The test data for the 100% coverage by helical stakes demonstrated the effectiveness of that suppression device over the range of current velocities investigated. The most interesting case was that of a staggered combination of helical strakes and buoyancy element whose total for each type of coverage was equal. This effective asymmetric VIV suppression approach is presented and discussed in detail.