压力载荷下非粘结柔性立管应变影响因素分析（英文）

基于Abaqus/Explicit准静态和质量放大方法研究了一类典型非粘结柔性立管在压力载荷作用下应变响应特性,对影响立管整体轴向延伸率和绕轴向扭转角度的因素进行了分析。数值模型计入金属层实际截面形状、铺设角度以及几何、接触、材料非线性。计算结果表明:数值解与理论值吻合较好;立管端部边界条件对轴向延伸率影响不大但对绕轴向扭转角度影响较大;抗压铠装层为径向压力主要受力构件,其铺设角度虽然对压溃性能不大,但在应变分析中不可忽略;拉伸铠装层铺设角度对应变影响同样较大。文中数值方法可弥补理论方法限定在小位移、小变形范围,无法计入层间摩擦、材料非线性及初始制造椭圆率等缺陷。     

深海非粘结柔性立管简化模型数值分析及实验研究

非粘结柔性立管具有弯曲刚度小、质量轻、耐腐蚀以及抗疲劳等特点,适用于深海恶劣的海况。然而由于非粘结柔性立管层与层之间的摩擦、接触等诸多强非线性特性,使得其数值模拟分析面临众多挑战,很难同时保证分析模型的精度和效率。提出一个新的非粘结柔性立管简化模型,在考虑摩擦和接触等非线性特性,以及骨架层和抗压层的沿轴向的弹性模量的条件下,运用梁单元和壳单元简化了建模。实验研究的拉伸、扭转、弯曲刚度结果与新建简化模型计算结果的对比分析,验证了所建简化模型的可靠性。研究表明,新的简化模型不仅能节省计算时间,而且更加接近柔性立管的实际本构关系和实验结果。     

柔性管骨架层湿式压溃非线性数值模拟（英文）

压溃作为海洋柔性管道的一种典型失效形式,对其进行研究具有重要的工程价值。文章考虑了内护套层的影响,建立了包含内护套层的海洋柔性管道骨架层湿式压溃有限元模型,采用弧长法,分别考虑了初始椭圆度、接触非线性和材料非线性的参数影响,进行了骨架层非线性压溃力学性能的数值模拟,并与不含内护套层的单纯骨架层压溃模型进行了对比。研究结果表明,随着初始椭圆度的增加,临界压溃载荷会降低,呈现负相关关系;考虑接触非线性和材料非线性因素会对临界压溃载荷产生较大影响,具体表现为随着摩擦系数和材料屈服应力的增加,临界压溃载荷也会增加,呈现正相关关系;考虑内护套影响后,临界压溃载荷略有增加,说明内护套层在承担外压载荷时也起到了一定作用,但对于计算骨架层临界压溃载荷值影响不大。     

海洋非粘结柔性管道扭转失效特征行为分析研究

分析了扭转荷载引起的三种海洋非粘结柔性管道截面可能的失效模式:铠装钢丝强度失效、内层压溃失效及铠装钢丝屈曲失效。通过管道扭转时铠装钢丝的应力及层间相互作用的分析,对每种失效模式给出了失效判据表达式。通过综合对比分析,提出了非粘结管道截面最大允许扭转角度的保守预测方法。以某典型经济性柔性管道为例进行抗扭转能力的分析。计算结果显示,在反扭情况下骨架层压溃失效是最易发生的一种失效行为,其对应的扭转角度可用于该管道允许最大扭转角度的设计预测值。这项研究可以为海洋工程类似管缆结构抗扭转能力的设计提供参考。     

动态缆铠装层断丝效应研究

铠装钢丝作为动态缆中提供结构保护的单元,易遭受局部载荷,产生局部破坏.对此,探究铠装层局部断裂对动态缆的影响,以评估动态缆在局部铠装钢丝断裂之后的可靠性.确定铠装钢丝断口在缆轴向的影响范围,以评估动态缆本体受影响的范围;确定铠装钢丝断口在缆周向的应力集中效应,以评估断丝周围铠装钢丝由于断丝的应力集中效应,进一步发生断裂的可能性.采用一种截面型式的动态缆,设置不同断丝数的铠装层断口,对断口在轴向的影响范围和周向的应力集中情况进行分析,以便通过试验探究断丝的影响效应.同时,结合钢绞线断丝影响的探究结果,对动态缆铠装层存在一根断丝时的恢复长度进行理论分析,得到断丝恢复长度为1.07倍节距长度.试验结果表明,在轴向上,钢丝断口的恢复长度在1～2个节距范围内;在周向上,每断1根钢丝,在周围钢丝上的应力放大系数不超过1.14.     

细长螺旋结构拉伸力学行为解析理论适用性研究

基于曲梁理论推导了细长螺旋结构拉伸力学行为的求解公式,探究了不同缠绕角度结构在轴向拉力作用下的力学变形机制。通过理论解与数值解的比较,进一步明确了不同缠绕角度细长螺旋结构的变形特征和不同理论求解方法的适用范围。研究发现,具有较大缠绕角度的细长螺旋结构在受拉时主要产生扭转变形,而对具有较小缠绕角度的细长螺旋结构截面拉伸变形起主导作用。在相同轴向应变前提下,不同缠绕角度的细长螺旋结构内力以45°为中心成对称分布,这大大降低了工程设计的计算量,为工程中细长螺旋结构的分析设计提供了有益参考。     

FDPSO张力系统的非线性动力分析

根据浮式钻井生产储油系统(FDPSO)的概念设计,建立了张力系统的非线性耦合振动控制方程,同时考虑横向流产生的涡街作用和轴向的张力变化引起的参数激励,揭示了张力系统的耦合振动规律。采用数值方法进行求解,根据算例中的两种不同工况分析了张力系统的动力特性,结果表明这种张力系统设计具有一定的位移补偿效果,但在设计时一定要避免发生共振现象;并分析了非线性耦合效应对计算结果的影响,当立管的长径比l/D较大时,建议采用非线性模型。     

深水钢悬链线立管顺流向非线性动力分析

深水钢悬链线立管在外部流体作用下的动力响应在立管的性能优化设计中是非常重要的.文章考虑了深水钢悬链线立管轴向大应变的特性以及弯曲刚度和内流的影响,利用Hamilton原理和拉格朗日应变理论建立了立管的二维动力学模型.将外部流体的非线性作用力用Morison方程表示,通过Hermite插值函数对动力学方程进行离散,采用平均加速度法求解立管的动力响应.探讨了外部流体的非线性作用力对海洋立管顺流向动力响应的影响以及不同流速和拖曳力系数与海洋立管共振响应幅值的关系.     

复合材料圆柱壳声目标强度数值分析

为研究复合材料圆柱壳的声散射特性,本文基于有限元法,并结合AML技术,计算并分析水下空气背衬条件下复合材料圆柱壳铺层角度、纤维层数和壳厚比对复合材料圆柱壳声目标强度(TS)的影响规律。结果表明:低中频时,圆柱壳铺层角度对TS影响较大;高频时,铺层角度对TS影响趋于一致;纤维层层数对TS影响不大;一定范围内,壳厚比越小,声目标强度值越小。     

复合材料圆柱壳声目标强度数值分析

为研究复合材料圆柱壳的声散射特性,本文基于有限元法,并结合AML技术,计算并分析水下空气背衬条件下复合材料圆柱壳铺层角度、纤维层数和壳厚比对复合材料圆柱壳声目标强度（ TS）的影响规律。结果表明：低中频时,圆柱壳铺层角度对TS影响较大;高频时,铺层角度对TS影响趋于一致;纤维层层数对TS影响不大;一定范围内,壳厚比越小,声目标强度值越小。     

非粘合柔性管破段强度解析分析（英文）

This paper presents an analytical scheme for predicting the collapse strength of a flexible pipe, which considers the structural interaction between relevant layers. The analytical results were compared with a FEA model and a number of test data, and showed reasonably good agreement. The theoretical analysis showed that the pressure armor layer enhanced the strength of the carcass against buckling, though the barrier weakened this effect. The collapse strength of pipe was influenced by many factors such as the inner radius of the pipe, the thickness of the layers and the mechanical properties of the materials. For example, an increase in the thickness of the barrier will increase contact pressure and in turn reduce the critical pressure.     

Predicting the wet collapse pressure for flexible risers with initial ovalization and gap: An analytical solution

As offshore hydrocarbon production moves towards ultra-deep water, flexible risers have to withstand the huge hydro-static pressure without collapse. They are designed with strong collapse capacities, allowing them to operate under the condition where their annuli are flooded by the seawater. However, initial imperfections can weaken the collapse capacity under such a flooded condition, triggering the so-called “wet collapse”. Two common initial imperfections, the carcass ovality and the radial gap between the carcass and pressure armor, would reduce the collapse strength of flexible risers significantly. Mostly, collapse analyses are performed through numerical simulations, which are less feasible for the design stage of flexible risers comparing with analytical models. To date, there are few analytical models available in public literature to predict the wet collapse pressure of flexible risers accounting for initial ovality and gap. To meet this demand, an analytical model is established in this paper to address these issues. This model is developed as a spring-supported arch, solving the collapse pressure with stability theories of ring and arched structures. This analytical model is verified by numerical simulations, which gives prediction results that correlate well with the numerical ones.     

A finite element model for flexible pipe armor wire instability

The constructive disposition of metallic and plastic layers confers flexible pipes with high and low axial stiffness respectively when tensile and compressive loads are applied. Under certain conditions typically found during deepwater installation or operation, flexible pipes may be subjected to high axial compression, sometimes accompanied by bending. If not properly designed, the structure may not be able to withstand this loading and fails. From practical experience observed offshore and in laboratory tests two principal mechanisms, which will be discussed in this paper, have been identified regarding the configuration of the armor wires. When the pipe fails by compression the armor wires may exhibit localized lateral or radial deflections, consequently permanent damage is observed in the armor wires with a sudden reduction of the structure’s axial stiffness. The pressure armor may also unlock, thus causing potential fluid leakage.In this work a finite element model is developed to estimate the critical instability load and failure modes. An axi-symmetric model is constructed employing a complex combination of beam and spring elements. For each armor layer only one wire needs to be modeled, hence the computational cost is minimized without compromising the phenomenon characterization. A parametric case study is performed for a typical flexible pipe structure, where the friction coefficient between the wire armors and the external pressure are varied, and the critical instability loads and failure modes are obtained and results are discussed.     

Bending behavior modeling of unbonded flexible pipes considering tangential compliance of interlayer contact interfaces and shear deformations

Rigorous analytical formulations are given to describe the gross slip initiation and progression in tensile armor layers of unbonded flexible pipes. Then two mechanisms are thought to contribute to the decrease of layer stiffness before gross slip begins. The first one considers the micro-slip occurred at the interlayer contact interfaces. The relative displacement between an armor wire and the underlying layer is determined according to the theory of contact mechanics. Shear deformations of the supporting plastic layer are taken into account in the other mechanism where plane sections no longer remain plane. The results of bending moment-curvature relationship from the presented models are compared with the available test data and good correlations are found. The shear model is seen to describe the slip transition better than other models do.     

Structural response of a flexible pipe with damaged tensile armor wires under pure tension

This article studies the structural response of a 6.0” flexible pipe under pure tension considering intact and damaged conditions. In the damaged condition, several wires of the tensile armor layers are assumed to be broken. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element (FE) model devoted to analyze the local mechanical response of flexible pipes is employed in this study. This model is capable of representing each tensile armor wire and, therefore, localized defects, including total rupture, may be adequately represented. Results from experimental tests validate the FE predictions and indicate a reduction in the axial stiffness of the pipe, a non-uniform redistribution of forces among the remaining intact wires of the damaged tensile armor layers and high stress concentrations in the wires near the broken ones. Moreover, the FE model indicates that significant normal bending stresses may arise in the pressure armor and inner carcass due to an uneven pressure distribution on these layers. Finally, the results obtained are employed to estimate the pull out capacity of the studied flexible pipe.     

随机面激励的非规则声腔自噪声计算方法研究

舰船声呐罩以及舱室、车厢等常见的非规则声腔受湍流边界层脉动压力随机面激励产生的水(气)动力噪声,已经或将成为声呐自噪声和舱室噪声的主要成因。文中以一个非规则形状的三维声腔为例,考虑声腔结构振动与内外声场的耦合,采用虚拟膜技术和集成模态法以及功率谱密度概念,建立了声腔受湍流边界层脉动压力随机面激励的自噪声计算模型和方法。数值计算分析表明:虚拟膜技术和集成模态法可用于舰船声呐罩以及列车和汽车车厢等非规则声腔自噪声计算的声学建模,预报声腔内部水动力噪声或气动力噪声的低中频分量,具有数值方法能够模拟复杂形状声腔和解析方法相应的声振耦合方程维数少的优点。     

人工块体替代垫层块石的数值试验研究

针对大垫层块石选料困难和抛填理坡施工难度大、较难控制施工质量及进度的问题,通过水工物理模型试验及数值模拟的手段,对人工块体替代垫层块石可行性进行了初步探究。基于水工试验结论,利用CAD与CFD相结合的方式,建立了符合真实海况的三维防波堤水动力数学模型,并通过波面方程和物理模型试验对其有效性进行了验证。数值试验给出了不同垫层形式对波浪爬高的影响,探讨了护面块体的受力和块体间隙的流场分布。结果表明人工块体作垫层有一定可行性。为进一步探究护面层失稳的动力特征提供了依据,对工程设计中人工块体代替垫层块石的可行性提供参考。     

静压下考虑腔压的吸声覆盖层吸声性能分析

[目的]潜艇外壳表面敷设的水下吸声覆盖层在高静水压力作用挤压后的形状、材料参数都会发生改变,使吸声性能受到较大影响,故研究此影响对于潜艇声隐身性具有重要意义.[方法]考虑空腔内压力对静压下覆盖层形变的作用及吸声性能的影响,基于轴对称有限元仿真,计算含圆柱形空腔水下吸声覆盖层的单胞变形;将形变量导入吸声覆盖层的一维理论模...     

无粘接脐带缆轴对称响应与疲劳特性分析研究

为了提高对脐带缆力学特性的研究,便于设计,文中提出了一种脐带缆拉伸载荷作用下的理论模型.在总体控制方程中对拉伸过程中骨架层的径向缩减.针对给定的无粘结脐带缆脐,建立了有限元模型,模拟分析了骨架层的径向缩减对应力分布的影响.通过对拉伸刚度试验对比,理论分析与试验吻合度较高.基于解析模型,分析了径向缩减对拉伸刚度的影响.此外,在应力分析的基础上,对无粘结脐带缆在拉伸载荷作用下的的疲劳特性进行了研究.     

去耦隔声层性能数值分析

本文主要对隔声去耦材料的隔声性能进行研究,用传递矩阵方法推导了多层结构去耦材料的输入阻抗、相应的透射系数和插入损失的公式,对隔声去耦材料的插入损失频谱进行数值分析与仿真计算.分析表明:去耦材料的隔声性能受材料声速、损耗因子、密度以及层数、每层厚度等参数影响,增加材料的损耗因子和结构层数、降低声速,材料的插入损失值会显著提高;而且增加层数还可大大改善材料的低频隔声性能,并能拓宽隔声频带.