治理“大船小证”问题的探讨

分析了"大船小证"的成因及危害,探讨了治理"大船小证"问题的对策,并列举了船舶吨位丈量与计算的常见问题。     

对治理大船小证的探讨

一些船舶采取不正当手段取得大船小证,不仅使船员．消防．救生及安全助航设施的配备降低了等级,增大了事故概率,而且偷漏了税费,扰乱了水运市场秩序。因此,加大力度查处大船小证是海事部门一项长期的工作。     

"船证不符"怎么办

船证不符问题存在两个方面,一是“大船小证”,二是“一船多Harm证”。所谓“大船小证”,就是船舶实际吨位比较大,而其法定船舶证书所载吨位比实际要小甚至小很多(包括总吨位、净吨位、载重吨位,在不同地区因收费标准、依据不同而反映出相关吨位与实际误差大小不同)。“一船多证     

关于小泊位靠大船问题的探讨

随着船舶大型化的快速发展,许多港口泊位常常出现不得不靠泊超出自身原设计船型的大型船舶,即＂小泊位靠大船＂的现象。通过对这种情况的分析研究,重点介绍验算码头的主尺度和按不同结构型式校核、验算其结构稳定性、强度及受力情况的方法,以便在最大限度地发挥＂小泊位＂作用的同时,保证其使用安全。     

吨位丈量统一管理引发的思考及建议

本文以船舶吨位丈量统一管理为出发点,阐述了“大船小证”的根源问题,分析吨位丈量统一管理效率底的原因,讨论关于吨位丈量合理性的问题并提出相关建议。     

"大船小证"背后的利益链条

"臭豆腐",据说是业内对"大船小证"的别称,这个令管理部门"头痛不已"的问题,却是不少船东千方百计都想咬上一口的"香饽饽".     

“航运巨头”牵手“东方大港” 马士基抢滩布局中国沿海码头

在全球航运形势不景气、航运企业纷纷缩减运力甚至撤线的背景下,马士基为什么依然为其引领的＂大船化＂进行布局？尽管目前全球航运市场仍处低迷,航运巨头马士基依然为其引领的＂大船化＂进行布局,并且希望通过投资码头分散航运风险。     

国务院副总理汪洋视察大船集团

4月9日,中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理汪洋一行到大船集团视察。中船重工总经理孙波,大船集团领导刘征、于逢平、李程、安玉民等陪同视察。汪洋实地视察了大船集团生产现场,听取了大船集团领导关于企业产业发展情况的汇报,并对大船集团取得的成绩给予充分肯定。在交流座谈会上,汪洋一行听取了大船集团的有关专题汇报,详细了解了大船集团产品出口、LNG船建造的关     

提高码头设施利用率技术条件的探讨

老旧码头设施如何适应船舶大型化及运输方式的变化 ,这是目前水运工程中急待解决的关键技术。通过对作用在码头上船舶力计算式的研究 ,提出当风、浪等自然条件及船舶的运动参数 ,在某一范围以内 ,使大吨位船舶作用在小码头上的船舶力等于或小于小码头的设计船舶力 ,从而实现有条件地在小码头前靠大船的目的 ,提高老旧码头设施的利用率 ,以充分利用码头资源。同时指出在小码头前靠大船是有条件的 ,且要采取小码头前靠大船引起突发事件的防范措施。     

内河船舶吨位的现场丈量复核

船舶吨位的确定通常是由船舶检验部门依据有关公约或规范,通过对船舶的图纸和资料进行丈量计算后核发吨位证书。但是由于种种原因,目前内河航行的部分船舶存在严重”大船小证”或”船证不符”的情况,这就需要海事部门加大现场检查力度,提高执法人员专业技术水平,有效甄别和杜绝此类违法现象。作者总结多年船舶检验和海事监管经验,提出一些船舶吨位现场丈量和复核计算的方法和建议,以供参考。     

环日本海地区的航线优化研究

随着环日本海地区贸易往来的频繁,优化该地区航运网络结构,提升海运通达性,成为推动该地区经济发展的重要手段.因此,提出一个以航运企业利润最大为目标的航线网络优化模型.该模型综合考虑航线、船型与需求间的关系,以船舶的载重量为约束,优化航运企业的资源配置,设计航线及选择适宜船型.利用实际数据对该模型进行检验,结果显示,优化的航线网络以及确定船型在不同经济条件下有所差别,可为环日本海航线的开辟与运营提供借鉴.     

国内两起干散货船自沉事故引发的思考

干散货船在水上货物运输中有着举足轻重的地位,然而在繁忙运输中与其相关的事故也频频发生,文中通过分析国内两起干散货船自沉事故背后潜藏的隐患和问题,提出强化航运企业、船舶和监管部门各方薄弱环节管理的建议和意见,以期共同为航运业发展和海上安全运输贡献力量。     

滚装船上装载“三超”车辆带来的危害

鉴于目前滚装船运输普遍存在“三超”现象,本文分析了此现象对滚装船造成的危害,提醒海事当局及航运企业,坚决杜绝“三超”现象,防止海损事故的发生。     

Duration analysis for recurrent ship accidents

About 63% of the world’s shipping accidents are recurrent—they occur to ships that have already experienced at least one prior accident. Therefore, reducing recurrent accidents can contribute significantly to maritime safety. We study the factors affecting both first and recurrent accidents, by focusing on the duration between two accidents. Cox proportional hazard models are applied to ship accident data from 1996 to 2015, and the results identify which ships have a high risk of recurrent accidents, based on ship attributes, ship supply and market conditions, shipbuilding country, previous accident type, and ship type. The recurrent rate is high when the ship involved in the accident is old, small, flies a flag of convenience, and has no detention record. In addition, the accident risk increases when the shipping market faces a high bunker price, overcapacity in supply, a high time charter rate, or low newbuilding price. On the other hand, ships built in China and Japan have lower recurrent accident rates than those built elsewhere, although ships built in China have earlier first accidents than do others. General cargo ships have the highest recurrent accident rate, followed by dry bulkers, container ships, and tankers, in that order.     

Towards safety improvement: implementation and assessment of new standards of competence for Electro-Technical Officers on ships

The paper deals with education of ship engineers as an integral part of maritime policy in global shipping. The central problem, how to reconcile technological advancement with training en route to improving safety, is defined. A complete conceptual model for solving a central question is formulated and described. At the beginning, a short analysis of technological advances and the need for training is presented. Next, the basic components of conceptual model, including implementation and assessment of new standards of competences for Electro-Technical Officers in the wake of Maritime Education and Training (MET) development are discussed. A key point of the assessment procedure is focused on the formulation of criterion defining the impact of new standards on the given processes characterizing a professional carrier development of seafarers. These processes, which mean certification process and recruitment of candidates to seafarer profession, are strongly linked with and influenced on MET development and improving the safety of shipping. Empirical application by pointing the Polish case study to the framework of conceptual model under consideration is shown and analysed. Finally, the future works as well as the concluding remarks are formulated and commented on.     

Themes and tools of maritime transport research during 2000-2014

This study examines how maritime transport has been researched through a comprehensive review of papers published in 19 transportation journals over the period 2000–2014. Systematic investigation shows that Maritime Policy & Management plays a prominent role in publishing maritime transport research. At the same time, ‘shipping’ is a dominant research area, with ‘port management, service, performance, efficiency and competitiveness’; ‘shipping market, industry, freight rate and economic impact’; and ‘terminal studies’ as the most popular topics. Nevertheless, few efforts have investigated ‘shipping finance’; ‘shipping service’; or ‘port risk and security.’ Since 2000, the use of quantitative analysis techniques has steadily increased in maritime transport to help participants make decisions scientifically. We here present the major data analysis techniques and highlight some limitations regarding their application. Thus, we provide a better understanding of how maritime transport research has been undertaken in a quantitative manner.     

2006年世界船舶市场评述及展望

总结了近一年来世界经济的发展,在此大背景下对2006年的船舶行业进行了总结和回顾,并对未来市场进行预测.世界船舶行业在2006年出现一个显著特征,即在航运市场回落的情况下船舶建造市场出现了前所未有的兴旺景象,船舶交易出现价高量大的场面.究其原因,船厂任务已饱满、受新规范影响,成本进一步提高以及对后市航运市场看好等原因起到主要作用.鉴于目前订单情况及航运市场现状,预测未来船价还将保持高位运行,航运市场运力将得到进一步快速扩增,甚至会出现供大于求的局面,不过崩盘的可能性不会太大.     

航运公司建立和运行SMS存在问题探讨

ISM/NSM规则的强制实施,进一步规范了航运公司安全与防污染管理活动,提升了航运公司安全与防污染管理水平。文中分析了当前航运公司安全管理体系建立和运行情况及存在的问题,剖析了航运公司建立安全管理体系的一些误区,同时对航运公司安全管理体系运行及维护中常见的问题进行了阐述,并针对航运公司建立及运行安全管理体系存在的问题,对航运公司及海事主管部门提出相应的解决措施及建议。     

防止国内航行船舶封闭处所安全事故的思考

该文分析了国内航行船舶进入封闭处所安全管理的现状和存在的问题,从制度制定、航运公司安全管理、船员训练操作、海事安全监管等角度进行归纳分析,提出了制定完善国内船舶进入封闭处所法规规范、加强对国内航行船舶实施进入封闭处所安全管理的相关建议,希冀对改进国内船舶安全管理水平、减少因进入封闭处所操作导致的伤亡事故具有一定指导意义。     

Safety, security, the environment and shipping: The problem of making effective policies

This paper examines where problems of shipping policy jurisdiction between international, supra-national and national levels have occurred. These range across the issues of public goods — safety, security and environment— and show up inadequacies in the current shipping policy-making processes. New frameworks — commonly termed “polycentric governance” and “multi-level governance”— sensitive to the complexities of the maritime industry and its associated political structure urgently need to be adopted. The paper is based upon research work recently carried out across the European Union supported by a number of publications and will include examples from Greece, the United Kingdom, Spain, France and also the new member states. Suggestions for improvements in policy-making structures will be made and recommendations put forward for consideration by policy-makers in the maritime sector at all jurisdictional levels