利用柴油机和半浸式螺旋桨实现近海渔船的节油（英文）

Fishing is a major local industry in Malaysia, particularly in rural areas. However, the rapidly increasing price of fuel is seriously affecting the industry's viability. At present, outboard petrol engines are the preferred choice for use in small-scale fishing boats because they deliver the advantages of high speed and low weight, they are easy to install, and they use minimal space. Petrol outboard engines are known to consume a greater amount of fuel than inboard diesel engines, but installing diesel engines with conventional submerged propellers in existing small-scale fishing boats is not economically viable because major hullform modifications and extra expenditure are required to achieve this. This study describes a proposal to enable reductions in fuel consumption by introducing the combined use of a diesel engine and Surface-Piercing Propeller(SPP). An analysis of fuel consumption reduction is presented, together with an economic feasibility study. Resulting data reveal that the use of the proposed modifications would save 23.31 liters of fuel per trip(40.75%) compared to outboard motors, equaling annual savings of RM 3962 per year.     

国内外船用中高速柴油机产业现状和发展动态

未来10－15年，中高速柴油机仍将是大中型舰船，中型民船主机，辅机和高速艇的主要动力，与船用低速机不同，中、高速柴油机机型分布很分散，这就给我国船用中高速柴油机的发展带来了很多困难。本文较全面地分析了国内外船用中高速柴油机产业现状和发展动态，为我国船用中高速柴油机的发展提供参考依据。     

渔船节能技术中潮流能发电的应用设计

本文介绍了现有的节能方法,提出在渔船锚泊时应用潮流能发电技术.研究设计了潮流能发电系统中的水轮机、发电机及调节器.这一设计解决了渔船在锚泊时用传统柴油机做原动机供电带来的资源浪费与环境污染问题,同时也解决了一些锚泊船用蓄电池来维持供电时供电时间短的问题.     

Voyage-based statistical fuel consumption models of ocean-going container ships in Korea

ABSTRACT

Accurately estimating fuel consumption of ships is crucial for shipping companies, port authorities, and environmental protection agencies. The bottom-up approach is becoming increasingly popular because it can estimate ship fuel consumption by accounting for ship activity conditions, such as changes in voyage speed, time, and distance; however, its use is still limited when estimating ship fuel consumption. Ship-specific information, such as the daily fuel consumption rate for main and auxiliary engines for every vessel, is expensive to gather, and generally not collected from private shipping companies. To address this research gap, we develop simplified and composite ship fuel consumption models for ocean-going container ships by size using a regression model. To estimate the fuel consumption models for container ships, we rely on ship activity data, including average speed and sailing time, distance, and actual fuel consumption for main and auxiliary engines. This information is obtained from a major container shipping company in Korea. We estimate and validate the parameters associated with fuel consumption for five different container ship sizes, all of which are smaller than the Post-Panamax container ship (15,000 TEU and above).     

Analysis of Efficiency of the Ship Propulsion System with Thermochemical Recuperation of Waste Heat

One of the basic ways to reduce polluting emissions of ship power plants is application of innovative devices for on-board energy generation by means of secondary energy resources. The combined gas turbine and diesel engine plant with thermochemical recuperation of the heat of secondary energy resources has been considered. It is suggested to conduct the study with the help of mathematical modeling methods. The model takes into account basic physical correlations, material and thermal balances, phase equilibrium, and heat and mass transfer processes. The paper provides the results of mathematical modeling of the processes in a gas turbine and diesel engine power plant with thermochemical recuperation of the gas turbine exhaust gas heat by converting a hydrocarbon fuel. In such a plant, it is possible to reduce the specific fuel consumption of the diesel engine by 20%. The waste heat potential in a gas turbine can provide efficient hydrocarbon fuel conversion at the ratio of powers of the diesel and gas turbine engines being up to 6. When the diesel engine and gas turbine operate simultaneously with the use of the LNG vapor conversion products, the efficiency coefficient of the plant increases by 4%–5%.     

掺烧乙醇/水对柴油机燃烧与排放性能的影响

针对TBD234V6型柴油机,采用AVL-fire软件对额定工况下,不同乙醇/水掺混比进行三维数值模拟研究,对比分析缸内压力、缸内温度、缸内温度场、燃烧放热率、NOx浓度、NOx浓度场、Soot浓度、Soot浓度场,并通过赋权法确定最优乙醇/水掺混比。结果表明：随着乙醇/水掺混比的增加,缸内压力逐渐升高,燃烧放热率滞后,燃油消耗率呈上升趋势,但在0E10W时,最高燃烧压力下降率约为3.7%;燃油消耗率下降0.38%;缸内高温分布区域缩小,NOx和Soot浓度下降。通过计算确定最优掺混比为20E10W,此时,最高燃烧压力提升5.6%,燃油消耗率上升2.41%,NOx排放下降率约为18.8%,Soot排放下降率约为29.6%。研究结果可为船用柴油机采用柴油/乙醇/水三燃料燃烧提供一定的指导依据。     

The use of hydrogen as a fuel for inland waterway units

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in the marine field and in internal combustion engines in general, has led to a vast amount of efforts and the directing of large capital investment towards research and development of sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Firstly, the use of current fossil fuels is. discussed focusing on the emissions and economic sides to emphasize the need for a new, cleaner and renewable fuel with particular reference to hydrogen as a suitable possible alternative. Hydrogen properties, production and storage methods are then reviewed along with its suitability from the economical point of view. Finally, a cost analysis for the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is carried out to illustrate the benefits of its use as a replacement for diesel. The outcome of this cost analysis shows that 98% of the capital expenditure is consumed by the equipment, and 68.3% of the total cost of the equipment is spent on the solar photovoltaic cells. The hydrogen plant is classified as a large investment project because of its high initial cost which is about 1 billion US$; but this is justified because hydrogen is produced in a totally green way. When hydrogen is used as a fuel, no harmful emissions are obtained.     

使用氢气作为内陆水路燃料调查研究(英文)

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in the marine field and in internal combustion engines in general, has led to a vast amount of efforts and the directing of large capital investment towards research and development of sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Firstly, the use of current fossil fuels is discussed focusing on the emissions and economic sides to emphasize the need for a new, cleaner and renewable fuel with particular reference to hydrogen as a suitable possible alternative. Hydrogen properties, production and storage methods are then reviewed along with its suitability from the economical point of view. Finally, a cost analysis for the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is carried out to illustrate the benefits of its use as a replacement for diesel. The outcome of this cost analysis shows that 98% of the capital expenditure is consumed by the equipment, and 68.3% of the total cost of the equipment is spent on the solar photovoltaic cells. The hydrogen plant is classified as a large investment project because of its high initial cost which is about 1 billion US$; but this is justified because hydrogen is produced in a totally green way. When hydrogen is used as a fuel, no harmful emissions are obtained.     

柴油机燃用煤浆燃料的初步试验

通过煤浆燃料性能的研究及煤浆燃料对柴油机喷射系统特殊要求的分析，运用了隔离活塞喷射系统。该系统能较好地满足煤浆燃料的喷射要求。在单缸１１０５柴油机上运用隔离活塞喷射系统对燃用煤浆燃料作了一系列试验。试验结果证明在该机上燃用煤油浆是可行的，其工作情况良好     

燃油系统供油单元的配置研究

为了降低营运成本,越来越多的船舶柴油发电机燃用低质燃油(重油),已成为船舶建造发展趋势;而针对主辅机在航行中的不同运行工况和要求,燃油系统在设计中应如何合理配置供油单元,主辅机是共用一套还是各用一套,就此作了分析与研究。     

用于传统式近岸渔业平台的太阳能利用研究（英文）

In order to introduce clean environment and sustainable energy to traditional coastal fishing community, the objective of this study is to encourage the Indonesian traditional coastal fishing community to use green and renewable energy in their fishing activities. Introducing solar power as the main source of energy for fish-attracting lights and boat propulsion can reduce the use of fossil fuels, and sustain clean and healthy environment. As the world's largest archipelago, Indonesia accounts for a high percentage of traditional fishing communities spread out along its islands. This fishing communities use various traditional fishing boats, and platforms. The fishing platforms are usually made of bamboo and placed on top of supporting structures on the seabed. Diesel electric generators are used to obtain electricity needed for lighting to attract the fish at night, and as the source of power for lifting the fishing net. The structure and fuel used are neither environmentally friendly nor clean; thus, an innovation is introduced. Traditional fishing practices using a fishing platform were studied, including the common size of the platform and the power needed for the fishing light. Based on the gathered information, this study proposes a catamaran vessel with a special top structure designed for fish lifting outfitting, and equipped with photovoltaic solar cells as the energy source for the fishing lights and vessel propulsion. Through this innovative break through, the vessel can be moved to the shore and will not be a threat to ship navigation and the environment. Furthemore, powered by clean and sustainable energy, the vessel can be directed to the best fishing ground.     

Sociocultural Effects of a Market-Based Fishery Management Program in the Florida Keys

Spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) represents one of the most lucrative fisheries in the State of Florida, and a majority of the catch is landed in the Florida Keys. Over the past three decades, the industry grew significantly, and by the end of the 1980s, state fishery managers agreed that the fishery was overextended. In 1991, the Florida Legislature passed the Spiny Lobster Trap Certificate Program (LTC), created to stabilize the industry by reducing the total number of traps while allowing fishers to transfer trap certificates in a market-based system akin to individual transferable quotas. Data from a survey study suggest that a majority of the respondents are dissatisfied with the LTC, which they view as transitory and unsustainable. The fishers' negative views are motivated by sociocultural changes in the fishing community. Managers need to consider modifications to the LTC and other such marketbased programs to minimize sociocultural impacts and retain small-scale fisher participation in such fisheries.     

双燃料发电机在FLNG上的应用

浮式液化天然气生产储卸装置FLNG目前越来越受到各大能源公司和国家的关注,作为新出现的产品,其应用和相关规范还处在不断研究完善和发展阶段。该装置的动力核心是双燃料发电机组,其燃气系统设计和其他相关系统的应用与传统柴油机有很大不同。文中以国内首个FLNG项目使用双燃料发电机为例,介绍并分析双燃料发电机主要系统特点和设计要求。     

金枪鱼延绳钓船机电混合动力推进系统应用研究

作为一种新型推进方式,机电混合动力推进系统具有调速范围广、驱动力大、正反转易控、体积小、布局灵活、安装维修方便、振动和噪音小等优点。金枪鱼延绳钓船正常航行与作业航行时的航速不同,高航速航行时,使用柴油机推进系统;低航速钓鱼作业时,使用电力推进系统,柴电推进系统相互切换,相互联锁。经过实船测试,机电混合动力推进系统比柴油机推进省油约25%;前者可以提高金枪鱼船推进系统冗余度,提高船舶放钓、收钓作业工况下的操纵灵活性,大幅度提高船舶操纵性和综合推进效率,提高了船舶经济性与环保节能性,具有广阔的应用推广前景。     

船用柴油机双燃料系统设计及其特性

随着排放法规的日趋严苛和运输市场竞争日益激烈，为降低航运业运营成本、保护环境，船舶发动机燃油系统不断被改进，双燃料发动机以其污染更少、燃料价格较低， 成为研究热点。本文介绍了一种新的船用柴油天然气双燃料系统，并为系统设计了性能可靠控气精准的组合喷射阀。为了提高系统适应性，设计了通过T-S模糊控制算法处理油耗和转速信息得出系统的天然气喷入量的控制系统，不安装限油装置，最大限度地利用了原柴油机的控制系统，通过发动机自身调节机构对引燃柴油量调节，安装简单方便。在台架实验中，双燃料发动机的替代率随着转速的升高逐渐增大，在额定转速（负荷）点工作时，替代率达到了73%，费用节省率达到了31%，运行可靠稳定。     

加纳某渔港码头渔船风荷载计算方法探讨

加纳某渔港码头升级改造项目,渔码头设计船型为4种主机功率为60~600 HP的渔船,本文研究和对比了国际上几种常用的规范、手册中的建议方法,总结了适用于本项目船型的设计参数,较为合理地计算了作用在渔船上的风荷载。     

确保小型渔船安全的措施

针对小型渔船事故居高不下的情况，提出渔船如何防御台风、大风浪的侵袭；渔船在狭水道及能见度不良时要多用车、少用舵，增设船头了望人员，注意航行安全等措施，做好渔船的日常维护保养工作。     

某船用柴油机SCR系统匹配性能试验分析

针对某船用柴油机,在D2试验循环模式下进行原机和加装SCR系统后的性能对比试验,分析SCR反应器在无尿素喷射时对柴油机排气特性和经济性的影响,同时还分析按氮氨比为1∶1进行尿素喷射时SCR系统的工作性能。试验结果表明:柴油机安装SCR系统后,排气背压和排气温度均有所上升;经济性略有下降,额定工况下降低幅度在1%左右;虽然增压器后NOX排气浓度增大,但NOX质量流量下降幅度较大,额定工况下降幅度为12.3%,尿素基本喷射量标定计算应以加装SCR反应器后的柴油机排气参数为依据;NOX加权比排放由原机的12.63 g/k Wh降低到11.52 g/k Wh,降低了8.7%。按氮氨比为1∶1的比例进行尿素喷射时,SCR系统能满足Tire III的NOX排放限值要求。研究结果可为SCR系统设计和尿素喷射量的标定提供一定的指导依据。     

船用柴油机高压共轨技术的发展

介绍了不同时期具有代表性的船用柴油机高压共轨燃油系统，并从系统适用性、总体布置、关键零部件结构等多个层面分析了该项技术的发展趋势。     

商船碰撞渔船主要原因及预防对策

一般情况下,渔船集中、数量多,且渔船的行动多变,所显示的号灯不规范,商船值班人员对渔船作为直航船舶对待的疏忽以及望判断失误等,很容易造成碰撞事故。在分析商船和鱼船碰撞事故原因的基础上,就如何正确理解避碰规则、商船相遇渔船时如何避让、如何保持正规望,做好驾驶台班组管理等方面进行了探讨,并提出了一些建议和看法。