海相地层地铁盾构隧道钢筋钢纤维混凝土管片可靠度研究

地铁盾构隧道管片材料的选取决定了管片性能与结构的整体安全度与可靠度,钢纤维混凝土材料在抗裂、抗震、抗疲劳、抗冲击等方面具有比普通混凝土更好的力学特性。为此,文章针对深圳地区海相地层地铁盾构隧道管片衬砌,基于可靠度理论,在混凝土材料中加入钢纤维,优化配合比设计,并通过系列试验开展了钢筋钢纤维混凝土管片可靠度研究。结果表明:(1)在盾构隧道不出现大变形的前提下,以少配筋加钢纤维混凝土管片为最佳选择方案;(2)在配筋率相同时,少筋加钢纤维混凝土管片比原配筋混凝土管片具有更高的可靠度,且受钢纤维的掺量、品种、形状和长径比等因素综合影响;(3)钢筋钢纤维混凝土管片能极大提高盾构隧道管片衬砌结构的可靠度指标,满足海相地层地铁隧道结构耐久性的安全标准。     

盾构法隧道的耐久性

从混凝土衬砌的腐蚀机理，分析提高耐久性的策略以及对钢筋混凝土管片耐久性的检测，论述盾构法隧道耐久性课题，供软土隧道工程技术人员学习与应用。     

管片耐腐蚀涂层材料试验研究

海绵城市污雨水合流隧道面临地下水和内部蓄积雨污水的双重考验。对隧道衬砌管片耐腐蚀涂层进行研究,研究设计了混凝土循环机,通过模拟循环试验对耐腐蚀涂层进行多维度试验分析,验证了多种可用于混凝土管片上的耐腐蚀涂层在不同腐蚀溶液中的性状变化。     

拼装方式对盾构隧道衬砌结构变形和内力的影响分析

文章结合广州地铁区间盾构隧道管片衬砌结构设计,采用梁-弹簧模型计算法对不同拼装方式下的盾构隧道衬砌环变形和弯矩、轴力、剪力等内力分布以及衬砌环变形量和内力随隧道埋深的变化规律进行了探讨和分析.通过对盾构隧道装配式衬砌结构变形和内力分布规律及影响因素的系统研究,深入探讨了拼装方式对盾构隧道管片衬砌结构设计的影响.     

高精度管片的制作

一般情况下不会对生产隧道衬砌管片的管模精度提出要求,典型的管片衬砌隧道工程招标书中通常只给出成品管片尺寸方面的精度要求,在有些情况下只给出两环试拼装的精度要求.现在对管片尺寸精度的要求越来越高,这就需要一个快速、精密、可靠的方法来测定这些尺寸值.     

圆形盾构隧道衬砌管片的计算分析

盾构法以其安全、快速等优点在我国地铁隧道施工中得到了越来越广泛的应用,但其施工成本相对较高,其中管片造价占盾构隧道总施工费的30%以上.因此,合理地进行盾构隧道管片设计对于控制工程造价具有举足轻重的作用.文章结合工程实例,从荷载、土层参数等方面,采用当前地铁盾构隧道衬砌管片设计计算普遍采用的(修正)惯用法,对管片受力进行了分析研究,得出了一些有助于管片结构设计的结论.     

9块等分管片设计及其工程应用研究

文章就城市双车道公路盾构隧道设计了一种9块等分管片,采用有限元法进行了管片结构内力和变形分析.分析结果表明,9等分管片的受力合理,管片结构的内力和变形都满足设计要求.管片一环9块等分有利于优化配置运输能力和管片拼装机械手的拼装能力,同时减少管片的接头数量,增加隧道衬砌的防水能力,值得在我国城市双车道公路盾构隧道中推广应用.     

关于盾构法隧道采用错缝拼装技术的探讨

衬砌管片的错缝拼装技术由于其在隧道变形与防水控制方面的优越性,以及建立在该技术基础之上的一系列盾构自动化施工控制与管片制造技术的发展,使得隧道的施工效率与质量大大提高,在国外隧道工程,尤其是在变形和防水要求较高的隧道工程中得到广为应用.文章从几个方面对盾构法隧道错缝拼装方式进行了介绍,并指出了当前对错缝拼装衬砌受力机理及使用性能进行研究的必要性以及所要解决的问题,有利于澄清目前在应用错缝拼装技术上存在的种种认识上的误区,起到抛砖引玉的作用.     

高速公路隧道衬砌病害治理措施研究

为提高高速公路隧道衬砌病害预防与治理效果,对高速公路隧道衬砌病害类型、成因与治理措施等进行分析。隧道衬砌病害类型主要包括裂缝、渗漏、剥落、变形、腐蚀和冻融破坏等,其成因主要包括混凝土质量问题、施工工艺不当、环境因素、设计问题和运营管理问题等。基于此,提出优化混凝土配合比、改进施工工艺、采用先进防水技术、加强隧道衬砌的监测与维护、采用高性能混凝土和加强隧道设计优化等措施,以期为高速公路隧道衬砌施工与病害治理提供参考。     

近接桩基盾构隧道施工管片力学行为研究

盾构隧道衬砌管片在施工阶段处于复杂的受力状态,易出现局部破损现象。文章以深圳地铁5号线近接桩基时盾构隧道施工为研究背景,通过现场测试对衬砌所承受的轴力和弯矩进行了分析,以此来探究盾构隧道管片的力学特性。研究结果表明:上覆建筑物的全风化花岗岩层中,管片脱出盾尾后桩基荷载将传递给隧道上部土体,最后传递至衬砌管片,管片环受到较大的附加应力作用;管片刚拼装上时试验环内力较小;当管片脱出盾尾时其内力达到最大值;稳定后的管片内力一般相较刚脱出盾尾时稍小。由于岩层破碎且极度发育,透水性好,孔隙水压力变化速度较快,且能较快趋于稳定。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.