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分析了潜艇舱室固态胺CO_2吸附及水蒸汽再生的反应机理,指出了CO_2水合反应和水合CO_2分解反应分别为吸附与再生过程的慢反应。在实际工况下,固态胺吸附CO_2的速率受传质控制,水蒸汽再生过程很快,其速率不是主要关注的问题。基于双膜理论及双电层理论,分析讨论了固态胺吸附传质过程,推导出了CO_2总的传质速率方程,给出了影响速率的两个可调因素--温度及固态胺的含水量。 相似文献
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分析了潜艇舱室固态胺CO2吸附及水蒸气再生的反应机理,指出了CO2水合反应和水合CO2分解反应分别为吸附与再生过程的慢反应.在实际工况下,固态胺吸附CO2的速率受传质控制,水蒸气再生过程很快,其速率不是主要关注的问题.基于双膜理论及双电层理论,分析讨论了固态胺吸附传质过程,推导出了CO2总的传质速率方程,给出了影响速率的2个可调因素--温度及固态胺的含水量. 相似文献
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固态胺清除二氧化碳技术研究 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
本文介绍了固态胺树脂的一般物化性能,研究了固态胺树脂作为可再生的二氧化碳吸收剂用于清除空气中低浓度(0.2%-0.4%)二氧化碳的原理及工艺技术,并与乙醇胺吸收CO2法进行性能比较。 相似文献
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比较了各种类型水下运载器如潜艇、载人深潜器等对载人密闭舱室内二氧化碳气体浓度的不同要求。针对载人深潜器载人舱内的客观条件,从动力、空间大小、二氧化碳浓度要求等方面分析其对二氧化碳清除的特殊要求。分析了常见的几种密闭环境二氧化碳清除方式如一乙醇胺、固态胺、分子筛、碱石灰、氢氧化锂等技术各自的优缺点,在此基础上,开发出一种二氧化碳清除技术及研制了样机。使用该样机进行封闭空间内的有人二氧化碳吸收试验,以验证该项技术的效果。试验结果证明了这种技术的有效性。在完成样机试验后,又将样机随潜水器进行海试。海试的圆满成功进一步证实了样机的有效性。 相似文献
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Identification and quantification of plankton bloom events in the Baltic Sea by continuous pCO2 and chlorophyll a measurements on a cargo ship 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Continuous measurements of the surface water CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and the chlorophyll a fluorescence were performed in the Baltic Sea using a fully automated measurement system deployed on a cargo ship. The ship commuted regularly at two day intervals between the Mecklenburg Bight (Luebeck) and the Gulf of Finland (Helsinki). The pCO2 data collected during June 2003 and September 2004 were used to identify biological production events such as the spring bloom and the midsummer cyanobacteria bloom in five different sub-regions. To quantify the net biomass production, the decrease of the total CO2, NCT (normalized to a uniform alkalinity), during the production periods was calculated using the pCO2, temperature and salinity records and the mean alkalinity. Taking into account the CO2 air/sea exchange and the formation of dissolved organic carbon, a simple mass balance yielded the net production of particulate organic carbon which represents the total biomass. The chlorophyll a concentrations obtained from the fluorescence data showed peaks that in most cases coincided with the production maxima and thus supported the interpretation of the pCO2 data. The production during both the spring bloom (2004) and the midsummer nitrogen fixation period (2003) increased by a factor of about three from the southwest to the northeast. For the spring bloom our estimates were significantly higher than those based on the winter nutrient supply and Redfield C / N and C / P ratios. This indicated the existence of additional nutrient sources such as dissolved organic nitrogen, early nitrogen fixation and preferential P mineralization. Midsummer NCT minima were observed only in 2003 and used to quantify the nitrogen fixation activity and to characterize its interannual variability. 相似文献
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以混合的金属氧化物RuO_2、TiO_2、Ag_2O和SnO_2对钛表面进行了修饰,得到了四个不同氧化物组成的钛电极,即RuO_2 TiO_2/Ti(35:65,A)、RuO_2 TiO_2/Ti(25:75,B)、RuO_2 TiO_2 Ag_2O/Ti(C)和RuO_2 TiO_2 SnO2/Ti(D),采用循环伏安法研究了其常温常压下在0.1mol/L的KHCO3水溶液中的电化学行为,在-900mV的恒定电位下进行了CO2的还原,分析了电极的稳定性和还原产物的情况。结果表明,金属氧化物电极对CO2还原产生了很好的催化作用,-900mV下对甲酸和甲醇有高的选择性,还原的液相产物中仅发现了甲酸和甲醇,电极A、B、C和D上生成甲酸和甲醇的总电流效率分别为84.4%、57.4%、93.1%和88.1%,且长时间电解过程中电极具有很好的稳定性,是有很好应用前景的催化电极材料。 相似文献
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Igor P. Semiletov Irina I. Pipko Irina Repina Natalia E. Shakhova 《Journal of Marine Systems》2007,66(1-4):204
Climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere have led to remarkable environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is surrounded by permafrost. These changes include significant shrinking of sea-ice cover in summer, increased time between sea-ice break-up and freeze-up, and Arctic surface water freshening and warming associated with melting sea-ice, thawing permafrost, and increased runoff. These changes are commonly attributed to the greenhouse effect resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and other non-CO2 radiatively active gases (methane, nitrous oxide). The greenhouse effect should be most pronounced in the Arctic where the largest air CO2 concentrations and winter–summer variations in the world for a clean background environment were detected. However, the air–land–shelf interaction in the Arctic has a substantial impact on the composition of the overlying atmosphere; as the permafrost thaws, a significant amount of old terrestrial carbon becomes available for biogeochemical cycling and oxidation to CO2. The Arctic Ocean's role in determining regional CO2 balance has been ignored, because of its small size (only 4% of the world ocean area) and because its continuous sea-ice cover is considered to impede gaseous exchange with the atmosphere so efficiently that no global climate models include CO2 exchange over sea-ice. In this paper we show that: (1) the Arctic shelf seas (the Laptev and East-Siberian seas) may become a strong source of atmospheric CO2 because of oxidation of bio-available eroded terrestrial carbon and river transport; (2) the Chukchi Sea shelf exhibits the strong uptake of atmospheric CO2; (3) the sea-ice melt ponds and open brine channels form an important spring/summer air CO2 sink that also must be included in any Arctic regional CO2 budget. Both the direction and amount of CO2 transfer between air and sea during open water season may be different from transfer during freezing and thawing, or during winter when CO2 accumulates beneath Arctic sea-ice; (4) direct measurements beneath the sea ice gave two initial results. First, a drastic pCO2 decrease from 410 μatm to 288 μatm, which was recorded in February–March beneath the fast ice near Barrow using the SAMI-CO2 sensor, may reflect increased photosynthetic activity beneath sea-ice just after polar sunrise. Second, new measurements made in summer 2005 beneath the sea ice in the Central Basin show relatively high values of pCO2 ranging between 425 μatm and 475 μatm, values, which are larger than the mean atmospheric value in the Arctic in summertime. The sources of those high values are supposed to be: high rates of bacterial respiration, import of the Upper Halocline Water (UHW) from the Chukchi Sea (CS) where values of pCO2 range between 400 and 600 μatm, a contribution from the Lena river plume, or any combination of these sources. 相似文献
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Atmospheric molar fraction of CO2 (xCO2atm) measurements obtained on board of ships of opportunity are used to parameterize the seasonal cycle of atmospheric xCO2 (xCO2atm) in three regions of the eastern North Atlantic (Galician and French offshore and Bay of Biscay). Three selection criteria are established to eliminate spurious values and identify xCO2atm data representative of atmospheric background values. The filtered data set is fitted to seasonal curve, consisting of an annual trend plus a seasonal cycle. Although the fitted curves are consistent with the seasonal evolution of xCO2atm data series from land meteorological stations, only ship-board measurements can report the presence of winter xCO2atm minimum on Bay of Biscay. Weekly air–sea CO2 flux differences (mmol C·m− 2 day− 1) produced by the several options of xCO2atm usually used (ship-board measurements, data from land meteorological stations and annually averaged values) were calculated in Bay of Biscay throughout 2003. Flux error using fitted seasonal curve relative to on board measurements was minimal, whereas land stations and annual means yielded random (− 0.2 ± 0.3 mmol C·m− 2·day− 1) and systematic (− 0.1 ± 0.4 mmol C·m− 2 day− 1), respectively. The effect of different available sources of sea level pressure, wind speed and transfer velocity were also evaluated. Wind speed and transfer velocity parameters are found as the most critical choice in the estimate of CO2 fluxes reaching a flux uncertainty of 7 mmol C·m− 2·day− 1 during springtime. The atmospheric pressure shows a notable relative effect during summertime although its influence is quantitatively slight on annual scale (0.3 ± 0.2 mmol C·m− 2·day− 1). All results confirms the role of the Bay of Biscay as CO2 sink for the 2003 with an annual mean CO2 flux around − 5 ± 5 mmol C m− 2 day− 1. 相似文献