Comparison of numerical and experimental results of nonlinear wave-induced vertical ship motions and loads

 A nonlinear time-domain procedure is presented which is used to calculate the vertical responses of a container ship advancing in head waves. The method assumes linear radiation forces represented by time convolution of memory functions, infinite frequency added masses, and radiation restoring coefficients. The nonlinear hydrostatic restoring and Froude–Krilov forces are computed exactly over the instantaneous wetted surface of the ship's hull. Forces due to green water on deck are calculated using the momentum method. Nonlinear effects are identified on different vertical ship responses, namely on the heave and pitch motions, the vertical accelerations, and the vertical bending moment. These non-linear effects are expressed by the variation of the transfer function with the wave amplitude, the higher-order harmonics of the time signals, the offset of the time series, and the asymmetry of the peaks. The numerical results and the quantified nonlinear effects are compared with experimental results showing an ability to reproduce the main nonlinear effects. Received: December 17, 2001 / Accepted: January 31, 2002     

Numerical prediction of wave-induced long-term extreme load effects in a flexible high-speed pentamaran

The theory and procedure established by Wu and Moan in 1996 and 2005 and Wu and Hermundstad in 2002 were applied to a high-speed transatlantic pentamaran containership. Nonlinear time-domain simulations of ship motions and load effects were carried out in different sea states. The simulated responses were validated against model tests with satisfactory results. The short-term probabilities of exceedance were estimated by using different stochastic analysis procedures. The long-term probabilities of exceedance were obtained based on the short-term results. These served as information about loading in a reliability-based design approach. The load effects in a semiprobabilistic design were also calculated at an appropriate probability of exceedance level.     

人员撤离仿真及其在船舶设计中的应用

在紧急情况下确保船上人员及时撤离是船舶安全性的最后一个环节,较好的方法是在船舶总体设计阶段进行撤离分析验证。基于《新客船和现有客船撤离分析指南》提出的高级撤离分析方法,对人员撤离仿真的概念、原理、特点作简要介绍,并通过实例说明其在船舶设计中的应用。旨在为船舶设计人员进行撤离分析提供参考,为提升船舶的安全提供建议。     

Simulation System Design of 3-D Panorama of Ship Motions in Wave

In this paper a 3-D panoramic simulation system of a ship is described which is developed with the MAXSCRTPT language and VC + + as programming tools on the platform of 3 Dsmax. The strip theory method is applied to the motion prediction of the mono-hull. The time history solutions of heave and pitch are obtained in the condition of head sea to provide the primary data on panoramic simulation. The simulation system has following functions: 1) digital simulation; 2 ) panoramic simulation; 3) environmental set-up; 4) render preview and output.     

数值波浪水池中船舶顶浪运动模拟研究

文献[1,2]进行了数值波浪水池波浪环境的模拟、规则波顶浪中船舶水动力的计算以及船舶辐射问题的模拟.文章在其基础上,基于N-S方程,对规则波中顶浪前进的Wigley船模运动进行了模拟.数值模拟的船模运动结果与DUT(Dem University of Technology)的试验数据进行了比较,分析,二者符合较好.文中与文献[1,2]的研究工作一起,初步构建了真正意义上的基于N-S方程的数值波浪水池.     

考虑流体粘性作用的双体船运动和波浪载荷预报

利用源汇分布法计算双体(或多体)剖面的水动力系数,在此基础上,对二维切片理论在双体船的垂向运动和波浪载荷预报上的应用进行了拓展,考虑了流体粘性的作用,比较了不同航速、不同片体间距和片体间水动力相互干扰等因素对运动和载荷预报的影响.算例结果表明,该方法能较好地预报双体船在规则波中的运动响应和波浪载荷.     

Numerical simulation of wave-induced nonlinear motions of a two-dimensional floating body by the moving particle semi-implicit method

The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method was applied to compute nonlinear motions of a floating body influenced by the water on deck. To compute the motions of a rigid body, the fluid pressure at the position of each particle on the body surface was directly integrated in space and the equations of translational and rotational motions were integrated in time to determine the correct position of the rigid-body surface at each time step of the time-domain calculation. The performance of this method was validated through a comparison with measured results in an experiment that was newly conducted using a model of a box-shaped floating body with a small freeboard. Although the overall agreement was good, some discrepancies were observed for a shorter wave period, especially for the drift motion in sway. The effect of numerical resolution on the results was checked by changing the number of particles. With a higher number of particles, no obvious improvement was seen in the global body motions, but the resolution of the local free-surface profile, including the water on deck, was improved.     

水上过驳装卸工艺系统设计及运输船舶的选择

针对某些国家和地区的航道水深等建港条件受限、大宗散货进口或出运而建设大型码头成本巨大的问题,探讨通过水上过驳系统中转,减少港口建设及营运成本的可行性。结合孟加拉电厂配套煤炭码头的设计过程,探讨如何确定水上过驳装卸工艺系统。采用理论计算和模拟仿真的方式,选择不同的船型组合,合理选择运输船型,并根据乘潮情况确定航道参数。结果表明,采用水上过驳中转系统,可避免大型码头建设及长距离航道的疏浚维护费用,水上过驳成本相对于货物价值影响不大,可作为码头建设一个可行的选择方案。     

Assessment of uncertainty in the CFD simulation of the wave-induced loads on a vertical cylinder

The paper addresses different uncertainty analysis methods commonly used for uncertainty quantification in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies and compares a constant Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) number based approach for uncertainty estimation to the ITTC recommended grid and time-independent procedures. Four different uncertainty estimation procedures are presented and discussed. To compare their performance and better understand CFD related uncertainty quantification in wave load simulations on offshore structures, the methods are applied to a case study of the wave loads on a fixed vertical cylinder. The numerical or CFD wave tank is generated using the open-source CFD toolkit OpenFOAM. Uncertainty is assessed for the case study using four different uncertainty estimation procedures for verification and later, validation is attempted by comparing the CFD results with experiments. The study concludes that a constant CFL number based uncertainty study provides more stable results and is better suited for uncertainty estimation in CFD than the ITTC recommended individual grid and time step uncertainty study.     

非线性特性在船舶电力系统中的研究及仿真

随着现代船舶的巨型化,船舶电力系统集成度越来越高,电力系统的稳定性对船舶航程至关重要。同时,和岸基供电系统不同的是,船舶电力系统动力负载与其发电机组有着非线性耦合关系,所以船舶电力系统属于一类非线性控制系统。本文研究了船舶电力系统的非线性原理及数学模型,分析了系统动力负载的动静态特性以及与发电机组的非线性耦合特性。最后提出了一种利用Hamilton函数方式的并联电力非线性控制系统,并仿真验证了系统的鲁棒性特征。     

船舶操纵运动仿真中船舶碰岸检测研究

建立船舶操纵运动数学模型,计算确定相邻的岸线线段和船舶轮廓线线段之间的凹凸关系,提出船舶操纵运动仿真中船舶碰岸检测算法,并对检测到的碰岸情况进行时间步长调整。编制了计算程序,对于船舶轮廓线端点位于岸线内侧和岸线端点位于船舶内部两种船舶碰岸情况进行了碰岸检测仿真试验,试验结果良好,很好地避免了在船舶操纵运动仿真中出现船舶冲上码头或者岸滩的现象。     

仿真技术在船舶碰撞事故再现中的应用

船舶碰撞的研究始终是航行安全或海上交通安全研究领域的热点问题。介绍了应用船舶操纵模拟器模拟碰撞过程的仿真技术,它是目前进行海上事故鉴定和事故分析的重要技术手段。首先利用仿真技术对当事船舶的碰撞过程进行实时动态仿真,再通过船舶碰撞事故分析软件(船舶碰撞事故分析系统2.0)进行分析,最后的仿真结果对船长、驾驶员具有重要的参考价值,也为海上安全主管机关调查处理船舶碰撞事故提供一种新的途径。     

Qualitative aspects of nonlinear ship motions in following and quartering seas with high forward velocity

By utilizing a four-degrees-of-freedom numerical model with dense grids of control parameters and the sudden-change concept, the qualitative aspects of the nonlinear motions of a fishing vessel complying with the International Maritime Organization's intact stability criteria in following and quartering seas were intensively explored. As a result, capsizing due to broaching, capsizing without broaching, broaching without capsizing, stable surf-riding, and steady periodic motion were identified. The natures of the boundaries of these motions in the control parameter plane were investigated, and the effects of the initial conditions and the nonlinearity of calm-water maneuvering forces are also discussed. Furthermore, comparisons with a model experiment showed that the numerical model used here qualitatively explains capsizing phenomena, but quantitatively overestimates the danger of capsizing. Received: June 11, 2001 / Accepted: October 9, 2001     

船艇机舱空气流场数值模拟研究

某船艇机舱温度过高,影响到乘员的健康与动力装置的动力性能.因此,对舱内空气流场研究十分必要.建立了机舱几何模型以及舱内空气流动的数学模型,采用k-ε方程湍流模型对舱内的湍流流动进行描述,对机舱内空气的速度场和温度场进行了三维数值模拟与分析,并对温度场的模拟结果进行了实验验证.验证结果表明,模拟值与测试值最大相对误差为9.2%,其精度能够满足工程需要,该数值模拟方法可用于机舱内空气流动的分析研究.     

船舶航行数值模拟在水运工程的应用

文章回顾总结了船舶航行数值模拟在水运工程中的应用现状,讨论了不同自然条件对船舶航行的影响以及行船之间的相互影响,并介绍了船舶航行模拟软件Dynasim.为论证我国南方港口设计中某一泊位的通航安全,利用该软件模拟了多种船舶在不同风、浪、流以及船舶装载等条件下的航迹线,讨论了两船之间的追越和相遇时彼此的影响.通过具体的船舶...     

波浪入射角度和周期对系泊船舶运动影响的数值模拟研究

基于MIKE 21 Mooring Analysis系泊分析软件,模拟研究在不同周期和入射角度的不规则波作用下系泊船舶运动的变化规律。结果表明,系泊船舶运动量随波浪入射角度和波浪周期的变化相互影响。在不同周期波浪作用下的系泊船横移、横摇和升沉运动量均随波浪入射角度的增大而增大,横摇运动的共振效果随着波浪入射角度远离90°方向逐渐减弱,升沉运动量在波浪入射角度靠近90°或0°方向时基本不变。当入射波浪周期较长时,纵移和回转运动量随着波浪入射角度的增大先增大后减小,一般在波浪60°入射时产生峰值。     

静水中自由船模拖曳CFD模拟方法研究

基于BANS方程结合VOF处理自由面,建立了自由船模拖曳的数值模拟方法,并用于数条水面船模阻力的数值计算.数值模拟结果与模型试验的比较表明:在全Fr范围内,阻力数值计算结果与模型试验相差2%～3%之内,较拘束模计算准确度大为提高;兴波计算结果同样有明显改善;船模姿态的计算结果与模型试验也比较接近.建议在进行中高速水面船自由面绕流问题的数值计算时,使用自由模方法模拟.     

在非线性波浪载荷作用下计及多种应力组合时船体总纵弯曲累积损伤计算

在时域内计算计及非线性时的船体总纵弯曲应力,与船体局部弯曲应力迭加后,可得纵向构件中合成应力的时历.对该应力时历进行雨流计数,经统计分析获得应力范围的长期分布,进而算出船体总纵弯曲时纵向构件在多种应力成份组合下的疲劳损伤.为方便此时的计算,本文提出了基于等效规则波概念的简化方法.数例表明按严格方法与按简化方法所得的结果比较接近.     

舰船操纵运动时高频波浪力的算例

  目的  切片理论方法在舰船耐波性设计中有着广泛的工程应用,该方法是针对切片平均位置来计算水动力,本质上缺少船体垂荡、纵摇与横摇的运动耦合性。为有效耦合船体垂荡、纵摇与横摇的运动,  方法  基于广义纵倾角和广义吃水增量的参数,以及船体坐标系下瞬时波面方程的解析表达式,以满足波面处压力为零的条件修正波面下压力分布的计算公式（史密斯效应）;基于波面方程和压力分布修正公式,给出瞬时波面下船体切片的静水力与傅汝德-克雷洛夫波浪扰动力之和的计算方法,惯性水动力和阻尼力则采用经验公式估算。建立船体垂荡、纵摇与横摇耦合的时变系数动力学方程,采用AutoCAD图形面域技术开发计算软件,数值计算规则波浪中舰船的耦合摇荡运动。  结果  数值计算结果表明,大波高时横摇幅频曲线呈现出较为显著的因摇荡耦合导致的非线性效应,同时在横摇共振区内有明显的波浪传播方向的横摇偏摇现象。  结论  所得计算方法对于舰船高海况下的耐波性预报将产生积极的作用,计算软件可以作为耐波性设计选型的评估手段。