柴油机使用柴油/甲醇双燃料降低排放的试验研究

在4100AD柴油机上采用组合燃烧方式,即低负荷时发动机仅燃用柴油,中等以上负荷燃用柴油与预混甲醇,对发动机排放性能进行试验研究.试验表明,在额定转速下,喷醇发动机与原柴油机相比,NOx和碳烟排放大为改善,而THC排放有所增加,低负荷工况对CO排放有一定改善.     

燃用重油对船用柴油机排放的影响

在一台船用高速柴油机上分别进行燃用轻油(0#柴油)和重油(180 mm2/s)的试验,对比分析不同燃油时的排放特性。试验结果表明,与燃用轻油相比,在额定转速不同负荷百分比下,燃用重油时的NOx排放水平相差不大,只是在100%负荷时重油的NOx排放略高于轻油;对于CO和烟度排放,除了100%负荷点相近外,其余负荷点都是重油远高于轻油,并且是负荷越低差别越大;而对于THC排放,除低负荷点轻油略高于重油外,中高负荷点都是重油高于轻油。     

2070t/h对冲燃烧超临界锅炉NO_x排放特性试验研究

针对湖南某电厂2 070 t/h对冲式燃烧超临界锅炉NOx排放过高的情况,对其进行了燃烧试验,分析了省煤器出口氧量体积分数、二次风开度、机组负荷、燃尽风开度等运行因素对锅炉燃烧及NOx排放特性的影响,在单因素较优方案下做了多因素变化对NOx排放影响的试验研究.试验结果表明:省煤器出口氧量体积分数、燃尽风开度和机组负荷对锅炉NOx排放质量浓度有十分显著的影响;随着省煤器出口、SAR入口之前的氧量体积分数的上升,NOx排放质量浓度表现为比较明显的上升规律;随着机组负荷的升高,NOx排放质量浓度表现为先升高后降低.通过设置不同的二次风配风方式、燃尽风开度等运行方式,得出该锅炉的NOx排放特性,从而降低NOx排放.     

直喷式柴油机掺烧二甲醚的试验研究

在YC6108Q型柴油机上进行了掺烧二甲醚(DME)的试验研究,试验结果表明,燃用2 0%DME燃料时,柴油机动力性能与原机无差异,燃油系统无泄漏及明显磨损现象,与原机相比,燃用20%DME燃料时NOx以及烟度明显降低,CO排放没有明显变化,HC排放在中间负荷降低,但在高负荷增加.     

柴油-LNG双燃料船用发动机排放特性试验研究

为研究单点进气双燃料发动机的经济性和排放性能,将一台传统船用发动机改装成增压器后单点进气双燃料发动机,进行原机和双燃料模式的负荷特性对比试验。结果表明,单点进气双燃料发动机经济性略有下降,NOx排放基本持平,HC和CO排放大幅上升,说明简单改装的总管进气双燃料发动机的经济性和排放性能都不具有优势。     

油品对船用高速柴油机排放的影响

试验研究不同燃油对某船用高速柴油机排放的影响.试验结果表明燃用欧Ⅱ标准柴油时的排放相对普通柴油:NOx、PM排放分别降低了9.6%和22.5%;HC、CO排放以及比油耗均有所降低;烟度与颗粒排放在某种程度上呈现同方向变化的关系.     

喷油策略对大缸径双燃料发动机燃烧和排放的影响

为改善大缸径双燃料发动机的动力性,提高经济性并降低排放,以1台6缸多点进气的柴油/天然气双燃料发动机为研究对象,分析不同引燃油量和喷油正时对缸内燃烧、替代率以及排放的影响.研究结果表明,增加引燃油量和喷油提前角可以较大幅度降低CH4和CO的排放,HC排放的下降幅度较小,在不发生缸内爆震的情况下,引燃油量的减少不会影响爆压的变化和NOx的排放;相比于改变引燃油量,改变提前角对缸内燃烧和替代率的影响更大,喷油提前角增大1℃A,循环供油量平均减小0.19g/cyc,替代率平均增大2.5％;在全工况范围内,最佳喷油正时随着负荷的升高而减小,随转速升高而增大.通过优化喷油正时和引燃油量得出全工况各点的最高替代率,最高达到94.2％,提升了燃油经济性.研究结果可为大缸径双燃料发动机的开发提供依据.     

船用柴油机冷EGR+EGR率自控系统

为探究降低船用柴油机有害物排放的措施,设计1套自控EGR率和冷EGR的系统,并对其控制部分进行软件和硬件的设计。控制部分主要通过单片机控制水泵的转速和PWM信号来调节冷却水的循环量和EGR阀的开度,保证不同工况下EGR率和冷EGR的最佳效果,在船舶柴油YC4F100-C20上试验结果表明,与无EGR系统相比,该自控系统在保证CO和HC排放基本不变的情况下,可以有效降低NOx和烟度的排放量。     

2135G船用柴油机掺烧含水乙醇重整燃料试验分析

为解决生物乙醇作为替代燃料在柴油机中难以直接掺烧的问题,采用含水乙醇催化重整技术对乙醇作预处理,在加装了含水乙醇重整装置的2135G型柴油机上进行掺烧试验,试验结果表明:掺烧含水乙醇重整燃料后,柴油机滞燃期均不同程度延长,延长幅度随着替代率的增加而增大;最高爆发压力在低负荷时明显降低,而在高负荷时显著升高,且随着替代率增加柴油机有爆震倾向;当量比油耗上升,燃油经济性恶化;主要排放物NOx的排放在整个负荷范围内均有一定程度下降,但CO排放增加。掺烧含水乙醇重整燃料后柴油机性能在高负荷时较为理想,在低负荷时恶化明显。     

中速柴油-甲醇双燃料发动机试验

在未对原机燃油系统进行改动的情况下,为一台中速柴油机加装甲醇喷射装置,组成了柴油-甲醇双燃料系统,分析了该发动机在变速和恒速工况下的甲醇替代特性,以及个别工况下喷油正时对上述特性的影响。试验数据显示,随着甲醇替代率的增加,NO_x排放和热效率会出现拐点;发动机HC排放的增长在低负荷时可控制在原机的2.3倍,中高负荷时普遍在10倍以上,最大时达22.4倍;推迟喷油在热效率上的负面影响会随着甲醇替代率的增加而逐步减少,而其在NOx排放方面的优势却能得以保持;在恒速发电工况下,中低负荷时甲醇的部分燃烧倾向增加,限制了甲醇替代率的提高;变速变载的运用形式下,柴油-甲醇双燃料系更容易取得较高的热效率,而恒速变载的运用方式下,双燃料系统更容易获得较低的NOx排放。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.