非接触爆炸下纵向箱型梁舰船的极限承载能力研究

以德国F124护卫舰纵向箱型梁甲板结构型式的舱段为研究对象,采用流固耦合方法计算其在空爆作用下的甲板变形。采用阻尼因子法,对各冲击因子下箱型梁和普通甲板结构型式舱段塑性变形后的极限承载能力进行比较分析。研究结果表明:在遭受非接触爆炸冲击后,箱型梁甲板结构型式与普通甲板结构型式相比,具有变形小、变形后舰体极限承载能力下降低等优势,因而能够显著提高舰船生命力。     

空爆下强力甲板损伤变形后舱段剩余极限强度分析

根据德国萨克森级护卫舰在强力甲板上加装纵向箱型梁的舰体结构设计理念,评估强力甲板设置纵向箱型梁之后空中爆炸(空爆)防护能力的提高比例。选择舰船非接触式爆炸冲击载荷工况,采用ABAQUS中的CONWEP模块模拟空爆对强力甲板的冲击作用,建立普通舱段和甲板设置纵向箱型梁的舱段在强力甲板损伤之后的有限元模型,通过准静态法求解其剩余极限强度。采用三角级数对舱中处强力甲板的变形曲线进行拟合,给出描述强力甲板变形的参数,分析其与剩余极限强度保持能力之间的关系。分析结果表明:与普通舱段相比,若在强力甲板下方合适位置处设置纵向箱型梁,则当强力甲板变形参数相同时,加强后的舱段可有效提高船体自身的剩余极限强度。     

船体大破口损伤下总纵极限剩余承载能力计算

[目的]在大破口损伤下计算船体总纵极限剩余承载能力时,是否计及船舶的浮态变化以及破口位置和大小等非线性耦合因素的影响,是合理评估船舶破损后的总纵极限剩余承载能力时值得深入研究的问题。[方法]以某船船体舯剖面大破口损伤为研究对象,采用Smith方法对船体总纵极限剩余承载能力进行计算分析,重点计算船舶因破损可能导致的不同倾斜角和连续浮态变化的总纵极限剩余承载能力。[结果]结果表明,不考虑船舶浮态变化,仅在船舶正浮状态下扣除大破口结构的计算结果,将会过高估计船舶破损后的总纵极限剩余承载能力。[结论]所用方法较为简便、快捷,可为船舶结构设计以及船舶损伤后的快速决策提供参考。     

多开口甲板板架结构极限承载力实验研究

[目的]为了研究多开口结构形式对甲板板架结构极限承载能力的影响,[方法]以2种不同开口形式的双层板架模型为研究对象,对其在轴向压缩载荷作用下的极限承载能力进行实验研究,对比分析双开口甲板结构和舷侧开口板架结构的失稳破坏模式及极限承载能力,得到多开口甲板板架结构在逐步崩溃过程中甲板各处应力的变化规律。[结果]实验结果表明:开口角隅处应力集中现象明显,随着轴向压缩载荷逐渐增大,开口中部甲板应力急剧上升,多开口结构最终均在最大开口的中部发生失稳破坏;甲板开口尺寸对结构初始轴向刚度的影响显著,舷侧开口结构则在弹塑性变形阶段对极限承载力的影响占主导地位。[结论]所提实验研究方法及结果可为此类甲板结构的设计提供参考。     

焊接变形和应力对甲板板架极限强度的影响

船舶建造过程中,焊接引起的结构变形和应力对船舶结构性能产生影响。以典型船舶甲板板架为例,研究焊接初始缺陷对甲板板架极限强度的影响。采用数值仿真方法模拟甲板板架的焊接过程,获得结构焊接变形和残余应力,对含初始缺陷的板架结构施加轴向压缩载荷,计算板架结构的极限强度,并与理想结构进行比较研究。结果表明,轴向压缩载荷下,甲板板变形过大是引起板架整体失稳的主要因素;焊接变形及残余应力显著地削弱甲板板架极限承载能力,焊接初始缺陷降低甲板板架整体刚度,影响结构失效模式。     

邮轮典型开孔高腹板板架结构极限强度分析

[目的]开孔高腹板板架结构是在大型邮轮上层建筑中广泛使用的一类特殊结构,为建立此类结构的设计方法,需充分掌握大型邮轮上层建筑典型开孔高腹板板架结构的力学特性。[方法]综合运用经典加筋板理论与非线性有限元方法,分析甲板初始缺陷、纵桁规格、腹板开孔对板架纵向受压极限承载能力的影响规律。[结果]发现薄板板架对于初始缺陷更为敏感且不同于厚板板架的初始变形模式,纵桁对纵压极限能力贡献度较大,纵压极限承载能力对开孔比例、开孔形状敏感性较低,开孔位置决定崩溃破坏屈曲带的位置,进而揭示了开孔高腹板板架的破坏失效模式。[结论]所得甲板初始缺陷、纵桁几何尺寸、腹板开孔诸因素对开孔高腹板板架极限强度的影响规律,可为邮轮结构轻量化设计及安全性评估提供指导。     

含初始挠度加筋板的极限承载能力分析

舰船长期服役,甲板结构易产生初始挠度变形,这会对甲板承载能力带来不利影响.加筋板作为船体甲板结构的主要构成单元,研究初始挠度变形对其极限承载力的影响具有重要意义.为了确定初始挠度变形对加筋板极限承载力的影响作用,根据实际情况假设初始挠度为双三角级数形式,利用Ansys计算分析了整体初始挠度的幅值与半波数对极限载荷的影响和典型位置的应力特性,并得到初始挠度对加筋板极限载荷的影响因子计算方法.计算结果分析表明,随着初始挠度的幅值和半波数的增加,加筋板极限承载力逐渐减小;对于含有某种初始挠度的加筋板,其影响因子主要受加筋板的长宽比、厚度和加强筋间距等因素的影响.     

循环载荷下大开口箱型梁弯曲极限强度试验研究

甲板大开口已成为现代货运船舶结构的典型特征，但是甲板大开口的存在不仅削弱了船体结构的极限承载能力，也使其性能与响应更加复杂。基于模型试验与非线性有限元法探究了设计的甲板大开口箱型梁在中垂循环极限弯矩作用下的结构承载能力与破坏模式，分析初始缺陷和材料硬化效应对结构极限强度的影响。结果表明，在循环载荷作用下，模型的塑性变形随着循环次数增加而逐步累积，屈曲破坏将从甲板板扩展到舷侧板；模型即使发生屈曲破坏，仍保留了大部分承载能力；材料硬化效应在循环极限加载中影响较小。研究结果可为大开口船舶结构的安全性评估和优化设计提供指导。     

接触爆炸下舰船强力甲板塑性动态响应特性研究

基于舰船强力甲板结构和接触爆炸工况设计,采用非线性有限元计算方法对在不同炸药量下、不同尺寸的纵桁和强横梁的强力甲板进行接触爆炸数值模拟。分析球形炸药接触爆炸下空气冲击波的压力分布以及对甲板的冲击过程,结果显示强力甲板结构在接触爆炸下呈现出3种破坏模式,并通过定义构件相对强度因子,提出了破坏模式的判别条件,初步揭示舰船强力甲板在接触爆炸下的塑性动态响应特性。     

不同对接焊缝布置下舰体结构的疲劳强度和极限承载分析

舰船建造中焊接结构强度对船体结构强度分析有着十分重要的意义.对两种不同对接焊缝布置下的船体结构进行疲劳强度和极限承载能力分析.利用国际焊接学会推荐的焊接结构三维块体单元建模.运用Nastran软件计算拉伸和弯曲两种主要受载形式下的结构应力分布,参考有关规范中的S-N曲线对焊接结构进行热点应力疲劳分析比较.同时运用非线性计算软件ABAQUS分析结构在轴向拉伸和弯曲载荷作用下的极限承载能力.分析表明,舰船总段合拢中采用纵骨与板同一截面的对接形式,其结构性能与传统的纵骨与板交错布置的对接形式相当.     

散货船碰撞损伤后的剪切极限强度

船体梁受到碰撞损伤后,必须有足够的剩余强度用以抵抗最大外弯矩,同时还需能够承受最大剪力.在众多类型的船舶中,散货船是一种抗剪能力较差的船型.对于其碰撞损伤后纵向剩余极限弯矩的研究已有较多的文献[2-7],而对于碰撞损伤后的剪切极限强度的研究目前还比较少.针对这一现状,本文的主要目的在于分析讨论散货船受到碰撞损伤后的极限承剪能力;分析结构几何尺寸,碰撞损伤形状以及边界条件等各种因素对碰撞破损船体抗剪能力的影响.为了方便起见,文中也给出了相应的回归经验公式.本文同时还推导了一个船体梁碰撞损伤后的初始屈服剪力计算公式.最后,本文以一艘散货船为例,计算分析其碰撞损伤后的抗剪能力,从中得出一些有益的结论.     

A comparative study on the hull strength of a ship with thin-walled box girders

1 Introduction1 The permanent aim is that the ship designers try to optimize the ship structure to improve the strength of hull. The traditional design of ship structure avoiding damage is involved with many transverse bulkheads set up in the ship in orde…     

Experimental and numerical investigations of the ultimate torsional strength of an ultra large container ship

Structures of ultra large container ships (ULCS) are characterized by large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. It is essential to comprehensively figure out their collapse behaviors under pure torsion with both model experiments and numerical simulations, making an evaluation of their ultimate torsional strength. In this paper, a similar scale model of a 10,000TEU container ship has been designed and manufactured first, in which both geometric similarity and strength similarity are taken into account. Next the collapse behaviors of the test model are detailedly illustrated with both experimentally and numerically obtained results. Then discussions on warping or shear buckling deformations involved in the collapse process of the structure are conducted with extended numerical simulations. Finally, the ultimate torsional strength of the true ship is evaluated according to the similarity theory. Results show that it is the yielding and shear buckling of the side shells that causes the failure of the hull girder under pure torsion. Further nonlinear finite element analysis demonstrates that it may either have warping or shear buckling deformations in the torsional collapse process of the hull girder with a large deck opening, depending on the local rigidity distribution of side shells, which has a significant effect on the ultimate torsional strength of the hull girder.     

水下爆炸载荷作用下舰船结构极限强度研究

在对水下爆炸载荷作用下典型舰船结构损伤研究的基础上,分析了塑性变形和各种破口形状尺寸等受损情况下Nishihara箱形梁的极限强度,得出结论:有破口的箱形梁未必比有塑性变形的极限强度小,若中剖面破口长度相等,则破口面积越大极限强度越小。利用NAPA软件建立典型舰船的模型得出设计载荷并导入MSC.Patran划分网格、定义属性并施加载荷与边界条件,运用MSC.Dytran模拟水下爆炸载荷高瞬态非线性分析,通过MSC.Nastran与工程软件MARS对该模型进行极限强度非线性分析对比,提出了一种对真实爆炸损伤状态下的舰船结构极限强度计算方法,证明其运用于结构设计校核极限强度的有效性和安全性。     

Longitudinal strength of ships with accidental damages

This paper presents an investigation of the longitudinal strength of ships with damages due to grounding or collision accidents. Analytical equations are derived for the residual hull girder strength and verified with direct calculations of sample commercial ships for a broad spectrum of accidents. Hull girder ultimate strengths of these sample vessels under sagging and hogging conditions are also calculated, based on which correlation equations are proposed. To evaluate a grounded ship, using the section modulus to the deck would be optimistic, while using the section modulus to the bottom would be conservative. On the contrary, to evaluate a collided ship, using the section modulus to the deck would be conservative, while using the section modulus to the bottom would be optimistic. The derived analytical formulae are then applied to a fleet of 67 commercial ships, including 21 double hull tankers, 18 bulk carriers, 22 single hull tankers and six container carriers. The mean values, standard deviations and coefficients of variation for the coefficients in these new analytical formulae are obtained. The ship length exhibits little influence on these coefficients because they are close to the mean values although ship length spans from 150 to 400 m. The ship type shows some influence on the residual strength. Uniform equations are proposed for commercial ships which do not depend on a ship's principal dimensions. These formulae provide very handy tools for predicting the residual strength in seconds, without performing step-by-step detailed calculations, an obvious advantage in cases of emergency or salvage operation.     

铝合金悬挂式整体壁板板格的极限强度计算方法研究

针对铝合金悬挂式整体壁板板格长宽比特别大的特点,文章建立此类板格的非线性有限元模型,进行纵向、横向和剪切载荷作用下的极限强度计算,并与多本规范中板格极限强度的计算公式进行比较,在此基础上提出适用于铝合金悬挂式整体壁板板格的极限强度计算公式。     

Design safety margin of a 10,000 TEU container ship through ultimate hull girder load combination analysis

Assessment of the ultimate longitudinal strength of hull girders under combined waveloads can be of particular importance especially for ships with large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. In such cases the horizontal and torsional moments may approach or exceed the vertical bending moment when a vessel progresses in oblique seas. This paper presents a direct calculation methodology for the evaluation of the ultimate strength of a 10,000 TEU container ship by considering the combined effects of structural non-linearities and steady state wave induced dynamic loads on a mid ship section cargo hold. The strength is evaluated deterministically using non-linear nite element analysis. The design extreme values of principal global wave-induced load components and their combinations in irregular seaways are predicted using a cross-spectral method together with short-term and long-term statistical formulations. Consequently, the margin of safety between the ultimate capacity and the maximum expected moment is established.     

Ultimate strength analysis of highly damaged plates

This work deals with the ultimate compressive strength of highly damaged plating resulting from dropping objects, grounding or collision. Extensive static nonlinear finite element analyses are conducted, where several governing parameters are considered. The effect of dent depth as well as dent size is studied. Different dent shapes are considered in order to cover different possible damage scenarios. The toughness modulus is used to measure the capacity of the plate to withstand the applied load with permanent deformation. An expression to estimate the average reduction of ultimate strength of highly damaged steel plates, subjected to compressive loading as a function of the residual breadth ratio is also developed.     

初始缺陷对加筋板结构极限强度的影响研究

采用非线性有限元软件Ansys研究包含3种初始缺陷加筋板结构在单轴压缩载荷作用下极限强度的变化趋势,即初始变形、残余应力和凹陷.以单筋单跨加筋板模型为研究对象,考虑初始变形,不同半径及不同速度的撞击球所形成的凹陷及残余应力对加筋板极限强度的影响.结果表明,初始缺陷的存在降低了结构的极限承载力,而且缺陷的叠加作用比单独缺陷存在时对结构极限强度的影响大;加筋板的极限强度随着凹陷深度的加深而减小;3种初始缺陷中,残余应力相对于初始变形和凹陷对结构极限强度的削弱影响更大.