FPSO关键管路甲板上浪与砰击载荷计算

以FPSO甲板上受波浪冲击的典型结构物为研究对象,从甲板上浪和砰击两个方面分析布置于主甲板、舷侧、船艏及艉部低艉甲板的板型和细长型结构的甲板上浪和砰击载荷计算方法。运用CAESAR II分析软件,建立泡沫、货油卸载、海水排舷外管路的应力计算模型,提出甲板上浪和砰击载荷的合理加载方式,以及对管路布置的优化方案,为类似项目管道工程设计提供依据。     

基于船波相对运动的砰击压力和上浪载荷预报方法

本文基于船波相对运动理论,对舷侧砰击压力和甲板上浪载荷的数值及试验预报方法分别进行了研究.利用三维势流理论计算船舶与波浪之间的相对运动,可以得到船波相对速度及甲板上浪高度.对于砰击压力通过数值模拟方法得到砰击压力系数后结合船波相对速度来预报;对于上浪载荷则采用考虑船舶航速的溃坝模型结合甲板上浪高度来预报.此外,开展了船舶运动和砰击压力模型试验,船波相对运动由沿着模型横剖面布置在舷侧的浪高仪测量,并且测得了相应位置处的砰击压力.最后分别对船波相对运动和砰击压力的数值结果与试验数据进行了比较分析,同时基于船波相对运动给出了一种砰击持续时间计算方法.     

甲板上浪2D数值模拟与试验研究

基于VOF法,采用动边界造波,对规则波中的浮体甲板上浪进行了2D数值模拟.得到了在不同倾角下甲板上浪的波形时历.基于PIV和浪高仪测试技术,在波浪水槽中对浮体在规则波中的甲板上浪进行了试验,得到了上浪水在甲板上的水位高度及波浪沿船首爬行、变形、破碎的过程.计算结果与试验结果进行了对比,验证了数值计算的可行性.     

甲板上浪问题的二维数值模拟

以连续性方程和N-S方程为控制方程,采用源造波理论和技术,建立了具有造波和消波功能的二维数值波浪水槽,并使用VOF方法追踪自由面来模拟二维情况下的甲板上浪问题.文中就迎浪状态下的固定FPSO和横浪状态下的运动船体断面模型所遭遇的甲板上浪现象分别进行了数值模拟研究.船体的运动规律通过势流理论计算结果给定,在上浪现象模拟计算时,船体的运动采用移动网格技术实现.研究表明,计算结果与试验结果相当吻合,该方法可以用于甲板上浪现象的预报和模拟,可以用于分析预报甲板上浪对浮体的破坏作用.     

船舶上浪预报中甲板上浪的统计分析

本文从船艏和波面的垂向相对运动预报出发，从统计意义上给出表征上浪严重程度的甲板上浪的定量分析，进而为预报敞口集装箱船进水量提供依据。在止浪延续时间的分布函为九计算中了以往的计算方法。     

船舶甲板上浪压力的模型试验

本文介绍一艘无舱盖集装箱船在恶劣海况中的反上浪压力试验结果，曾进行了顶浪、艏斜浪、横浪、艉斜浪和随浪等七个浪向的试验。试验结果表明：甲板上浪压力最大发生在顶浪，最大压力值近４倍的船吃水水柱高，甲板上浪次数最频繁的浪向是艏斜浪，为２６．５次／小时，横浪时上浪次数较少，而在艉斜浪和随浪状态则无甲板上浪。     

小水线面双体船耐波性能CFD不确定度分析

基于ITTC推荐的CFD不确定度分析规程,开展基于RANS方程的小水线面双体船(SWATH)波浪中纵向运动计算结果的不确定度分析。分别验证计算模型的网格收敛性和时间步长的收敛性,发现相比于网格的疏密,该数值求解模型对于时间步长更为敏感。通过与试验数据进行对比,计算结果基本得到确认,并由此建立了顶浪规则波中SWATH船纵向运动数值计算结果的确认等级。在此基础上,进一步开展了该SWATH船在2个波高多个波长条件下的运动求解,计算结果均与试验结果吻合较好,说明所采用的数值计算模型对于求解SWATH船在波浪中的运动问题具有较好的适用性和可靠性。     

考虑空气卷入效应的甲板上浪数值模拟

利用大型CFD商业软件StarCCM+,针对甲板上浪试验进行三维尺度下的数值模拟,考虑空气的可压缩性,分析卷入空气泡对甲板上浪载荷的影响,结果表明,数值计算值和试验值符合较好,并且较二维尺度下的数值模拟更加精确,卷入的空气泡会影响其附近的压力场,在空气泡的前进方向前后端分别形成低压区和高压区。可压缩空气的空气垫的效应会使上浪砰击载荷得到缓和,峰值压力减小,作用时间变长。     

船舶甲板上浪横摇的时域模拟

本文应用数值模拟方法,计算了一艘中型船舶在规则波及随机波中,考虑甲板上浪和不计上浪两种情况下的横摇运动。为了考察初稳心高度在计及和不计甲板上浪两种情况下的影响,考虑了三种不同的初稳心高。计算结果表明,对于横摇运动,计及上浪和不计上浪,在高波浪情况下会有较大差异,特别对具有小初稳性船的情况,甲板上浪会导致倾覆。这说明对小型船舶,甲板上浪这一因素,在船舶的安全性中是必须考虑的。     

二维甲板上浪模型试验研究

甲板上浪属于非常复杂和强非线性的波体相互作用过程。研究甲板上浪的基本方法包括理论分析、模型试验和数值计算。本文利用浪高仪测试方法对特定实验工况捕捉甲板上浪特征参数信息,分析甲板上浪的水位高度、上浪量与浮态之间的关系。利用PIV方法捕捉了波浪沿模型首端爬行、变形、破碎的过程_[1]。获得了上浪的统计规律,有助于自由液面的非线性流体力学模型试验技术的发展,推动相应学科的进步和发展。     

浮体升沉和纵摇运动对甲板上浪载荷影响数值研究（英文）

In this paper, the influence of heave and pitch motions on green water impact on the deck is numerically investigated. The vessel motions are determined using a potential theory based method and provided as input to finite volume based CFD computations of green water phenomenon. A dynamic mesh approach is adopted to determine instantaneous body positioning in the fluid domain.Detailed validation studies with published experimental results for 2D and 3D fixed vessel cases are initially performed to validate the present numerical approach before studying the moving vessel problem. The results show that inclusion of heave and pitch motion changes the disturbed wave field near the bow which influences the free surface as well as the impact loading due to green water. The effect of wave steepness on green water impact is also investigated and it is seen that the present numerical method is capable of capturing green water load. It is observed that the effects of vessel motions on green water load are not negligible and one should consider this effect too. The incorporation of vessel motions in the vertical plane affects the green water loading on the deck.     

浸没在水中的海洋运载器数值模拟研究（英文）

This article presents a numerical study of the forces induced by hydrodynamic impact, that is, the impact of a part of the bottom of the hull on the water surface. The prediction of these efforts is often based on numerical simulations to determine the shock intensity of a structure on the surface of a weakly compressible fluid(for example, water). The short duration of the impact is also investigated in this work. This phenomenon occurs especially when a ship encounters a harsh and difficult sea conditions. Under such conditions, it is important to know how to predict the hydrodynamic forces applied to the structure to correctly optimize the ship elements during its design stage or to prevent possible damage. Indeed, various factors such as speed of the ship and height of the swell can cause the hull to partially emerge and then fall violently onto the water surface, which is referred to by naval personnel as tossing or slamming causing vibrations, stresses, and fatigue to the structural elements of the ship. In this work, we present an example of phenomenon modeling and then a numerical study of the different geometries(dihedron) that play a role in different sections of the bow. Then, we compare our present results with the theoretical and experimental results of other researchers in the field. The average interval impact time for a dihedral model corresponding to the section of the chosen ship and other experimental and theoretical data is in good agreement with the experimental and theoretical measurements.     

Time-domain strip method with memory-effect function considering the body nonlinearity of ships in large waves (second report)

In the previous paper, one of the authors proposed a new time-domain nonlinear strip method for a rigid body, in which hydrodynamic forces are evaluated by a convolution integral with the memory function computed for the instantaneous submerged part of the transverse sections, and the Froude–Krylov and hydrostatic forces are evaluated on the instantaneous wetted hull surface. In this paper, first, that nonlinear strip method is extended for an elastic body using a method of superposition of elastic mode functions, which enabled us to investigate whipping phenomena due to impulsive large waves. Second, the influence of different approximations of the pressure above the still-water surface is investigated, and then the results calculated by the proposed nonlinear strip method are compared with the experimental ones. Third, whipping phenomena observed for an elastic body at higher Froude numbers are studied through a comparison between computed and measured results. Higher-frequency vibrations in the vertical bending moment due to slamming are discussed. Furthermore, the wave load due to green water on deck is calculated by introducing a practical model, and the effects of the green water on responses of both rigid and elastic bodies are investigated.     

基于统计过程控制理论的张力腿平台有效上浪波高分析

文章以统计过程控制理论(Statistical Process Control,SPC)为基础提出了一种张力腿平台甲板有效上浪高度计算模型,针对海浪波高是随机过程这一不确定因素导致的上浪波高没有确定解的情况,分析计算了波浪谱下的张力腿平台相对运动和有效上浪波高,计算得到了有效上浪波高控制中心均值、下管制限值、上管制限值和相应发生概率。由相同波浪参数下不同波浪谱计算得到的有效上浪波高控制中心均值相同这一结论,发现波浪能量在不同谱之间的分布是相同的,说明波浪能量在时间维度、空间维度和频率维度的分布是一致的。在求解有效上浪波高控制中心均值时,提出了能更好刻画波高在波浪参数下的分布形式的面积均值法,并由此方法计算控制中心均值和上管制限值。以一型张力腿平台为例,针对波浪谱中超过某一发生概率的情况,运用统计过程控制理论和SPC控制图,计算了有效上浪波高控制中心均值、下管制限值和上管制限值,判断随机有效上浪波高是否处于统计控制状态,发现了波浪谱中的发生概率越大,随机有效上浪波高越可控这一规律。比较不同波浪入射角的有效上浪波高控制中心均值,发现了不同波浪入射角对有效上浪波高影响不大、发生概率对有效上浪波高影响较大的规律。最后基于统计过程控制理论计算得到整个有效上浪波高均值、发生概率、下管制限值和上管制限值。提出了在有效上浪波高均值和上管制限值之间结构物会受到交变载荷的作用容易疲劳损伤和腐蚀损伤的建议。结果表明该方法可以对张力腿平台有效上浪波高进行计算,并可推广应用于其它海上结构物的有效上浪波高计算。     

Green water loading on a floating structure with degree of freedom effects

The aim of the present work is to investigate whether the degree of freedom (DOF) of a floating body has a notable effect on the maximum impact pressure due to green water on deck. The analysis is carried out for a box-shaped floating structure with a deckhouse, using experimental and numerical means to model the green water load. Green water on deck and impact on the deckhouse is generated by the impingement of a focusing wave group on a floating structure. Computations are performed using a two-dimensional constrained interpolation profile-based model solving the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations with free surface boundary condition to deal with nonlinear water–structure interactions. The free surface is captured by a volume of fluid (VOF)-type tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing/slope weighting (THINC/SW), which is more accurate than the original THINC scheme. The verifications of the simulation through a series of model-to-model comparisons are performed in a two-dimensional glass-wall wave tank. Experimental water surface elevations, body motions and impact pressure are compared satisfactorily with the computed results for different DOFs cases. As a result, the peak impact pressure due to green water decreases rapidly with the increasing DOF.     

基于SPH方法的M型快艇入水载荷仿真分析

[目的]为研究M型快艇典型截面结构入水过程中受到的水动力载荷,[方法]基于光滑粒子动力学(SPH)液-气两相流算法,模拟平板和弓形模型的入水过程,以验证所用算法的精确性。在此基础上,模拟M型快艇典型截面结构的入水过程,并与相关文献的试验结果进行比较。[结果]结果显示:两种结构入水过程的仿真结果与试验结果吻合较好。M型快艇入水过程中存在二次砰击现象,即在主船体斜升角较大时会导致第1次砰击载荷较小,若斜升角过大时第2次砰击过程中结构则受到的砰击载荷会显着增加。[结论]研究结果表明,SPH两相流算法可以很好地模拟M型快艇入水过程,斜升角的设计大小应适当。     

多层防护结构舱内爆炸试验

舰船舷侧多层防护结构的主要作用是抵御反舰武器对内部结构的破坏。文章通过反舰武器战斗部模型在舰船舷侧防护结构内部爆炸的模拟试验,研究了战斗部内爆作用下防护结构的破坏模式、多层防护结构防御冲击波和高速破片的效果以及内部结构的冲击响应,对比分析了空舱和水舱在战斗部接近爆炸作用下的变形和破坏情况。通过对试验数据的分析发现在战斗部接近爆炸载荷作用下,水舱内板的动态响应出现了"二次加载"现象。     

浅水超大型FPSO脉动压力研究

随着浅水超大型FPSO在渤海湾海域的广泛应用,水深对波浪诱导载荷的影响成为新的热点课题.文章推导了有限水深复合格林函数,结合三维势流理论用于计算浅水FPSO的水动力特性.采用开发的程序计算了一艘浅水300KDWT FPSO的脉动压力.计算结果表明浅水脉动压力与深水脉动压力的分布规律明显不同.