突破体制束缚:首都第二机场选址的不同意见

本文从空铁联运发展综合交通运输体系、优化资源配置降低建设费用、有利京津冀区域合作等三个方面,对首都第二机场选址在北京正南方的大兴区提出不同看法。     

大型机场交通衔接优化要点

在经历了漫长的论证或博弈之后,北京第二机场项目终于确定场址上马了。与现有首都机场相比,第二机场距离市中心相当遥远,其距离天安门的直线距离46公里,大约相当于首都机场的两倍!如此远的机场其陆侧交通的衔接将成为一个突出的难题。现有的首都机场似乎可以充当参照物。首都机场2013年客流量将达到     

通用机场净空区规划研究

通用机场的净空规划与运输机场一样,对机场的运营安全与周边规划都非常重要。然而,通用机场的净空规划与运输机场有所不同,通用机场的净空规划对通用机场的规划建设至关重要,直接涉及到机场选址以及周边净空管理的问题,因此通用机场的净空规划研究显得非常有必要。本文针对我国通用机场的特点,通过对有关民航标准的深入研究,阐述了通用机场净空区的组成及影响因素,提出了简单而实用的通用机场净空区规划方法,并进行了案例分析,可为我国通用机场的净空规划与净空保护提供一定的借鉴。     

绿色施工理念在市政工程施工中运用分析

本文强调了绿色施工理念在市政工程中的应用价值,并从绿色施工管理、施工垃圾管理、施工节水管理、施工土壤保护、噪音控制技术、扬尘控制技术等方面入手,阐述了绿色施工理念在市政工程中的具体应用。并在此基础上,提出了持续完善并落实绿色施工管理机制、丰富绿色施工的手段与方式等绿色施工理念的优化应用措施,以期为同类工程的顺利开展提供参考。     

湖北省机场布局规划问题研究

从国家中部掘起战略出发,依据P-中值选址理论提出构建以武汉双枢纽机场为核心的湖北地区航空交通体系,并提出了湖北省机场规划布局的对策和建议。     

基于交通资源优化配置的机场群整合问题

<正>近年来,我们经常听到一个新名词——机场群。比如,在北京新机场选址等问题上,一些专家提出,建设北京新机场,必须携手京津冀现存机场,构建     

从成都天府国际机场看嘉兴机场智慧化建设

<正>2018年全国民航工作会议提出要建设四型机场,2019年9月,习近平总书记在出席北京大兴国际机场投运仪式时,要求“建设以‘平安、绿色、智慧、人文’为核心的四型机场”。四型机场建设中,智慧机场是一项贯穿始终的工作,平安、绿色、人文机场建设水平的提升,都离不开智慧驱动。笔者通过学习了解目前国内智慧机场建设较为先进的成都天府国际机场,     

通用机场升级转换为运输机场的机制构建思考

研究通用机场升级转换为运输机场,是国务院办公厅《关于促进通用航空业发展的指导意见》中的重点任务之一。本文从通用机场与运输机场的异同入手,明确升级转换的内涵,分析升级转换的现实需求及问题,提出了通用机场升级转换亟待构建的沟通、决策、评估、监督等四方面机制。本研究旨在促进通用机场与运输机场动态联动发展,优化提升机场体系功能。     

机场资产分类及多维评价体系构建

机场资产类型多种多样,包括实物性资产、资源性资产与金融性资产等。在新时期,不同类型资产需要建立反映时代要求、符合机场特点以及管理需求的评价指标,从安全服务、效益、效率三个维度监管机场资产,实现机场资产全生命周期的管理,并按照PDCA管理理念,设计机场资产评价流程。     

大型机场综合交通枢纽规划研究

本文通过对机场综合交通枢纽的研究和总结,并参考相关工作的经验积累,以机场建设与运营业主的视角,梳理归纳了现代大型机场综合交通枢纽的规划理念、思路及经验,对国内其他机场综合交通规划具有一定借鉴参考意义。     

核心机场与多核机场群发展模式及其特点研究

我国京津冀、长三角和珠三角三大机场群均为拥有单个核心机场的多层级机场群。核心机场是位于机场群层级结构最高层级的机场,在机场群中业务集中度高、重要性突出、发展优势明显,核心机场的数量影响机场群层级结构和发展格局。通过对机场群层级结构演变趋势的分析,本文提出并探讨了机场群未来发展的一种可能模式,即多核机场群。分析认为,多核机场群与单核机场群相比,在服务能力、服务范围、系统稳定性、安全性、对经济的发展适应性和对区域经济协调发展的推动等方面均具有更好的比较优势,是机场群和城市群发展到成熟阶段的结果。未来这一趋势变化将给机场群发展以及宏观决策带来一定挑战。     

基于机场竞争的区域机场航空客运量预测

机场航空客运量预测是确定机场建设规模、等级及换乘衔接布局的主要依据,也是机场总体规划的前期工作。随着我国城市群的快速发展,区域内各机场之间相互竞争的态势越来越明显。本文综合考虑区域内枢纽机场布局和竞争力,建立机场航空市场占有率预测模型,用于各腹地城市机场航空客运量预测;结合禄口机场的历史数据,进行实例分析。本文提出的预测方法对国内机场航空客运量预测工作具有借鉴意义。     

Airport obstacle surfaces

The most commonly used criteria to determine complicated airport obstacle surfaces are FAR Part 77 imaginary surfaces, TERPS, and the one engine inoperative obstacle identification surface for air carriers. For each obstacle surface there are tradeoffs encountered in our practice between the obstruction penetration and extension of runway, change of flight profile, and allowable aircraft maximum payloads. For the purposes of both airport engineering and airport planning, a better understanding of these different obstacle surfaces and their application is important. In this paper, the differences and relationships between these surfaces are addressed. The conditions for the use of each criterion are discussed. In addition, the FAA's Obstruction Evaluation / Airport Airspace Analysis (OE/AAA) process is reviewed.     

Airport congestion and near-midair collisions

This paper presents a model that systematically integrates, for the first time, the association between a region's aviation near-midair collision risk and its traffic levels, its type and amount of air traffic control, and the complexity of its airspace. The model incorporates the tight interrelatedness (and correlation) between traffic, airspace complexity, and air traffic controller staffing. An estimation of the model using cross-sectional data on 143 U.S. airports in 1985 indicates that the frequency of reported near-midair collisions (NMACs) is positively associated with regional traffic and airspace complexity, despite the fact that busier, more complex regions generally have more air traffic controllers. Also, in regions governed by “terminal radar service areas” (TRSAs), the reported near-midair collisions are positively associated with the presence of more satellite airports than would be expected on the basis of traffic alone. Finally, deviations from controller staffing levels that would be expected on the basis of traffic and airspace complexity alone are significantly associated with variations in reported NMACs in terminal control areas but not in terminal radar service areas.     

通用机场政策文本量化分析

通用机场是综合交通基础设施网络的重要组成,阐释通用机场政策工具体系的类型与特征具有重要意义。本文构建了以政策工具为核心,以政策目标和政策执行为两翼的3*32分析框架。以2016年至2020年的40个政策文本为研究对象,剖析了政策工具的类型与特征,并对政策目标与政策工具、政策执行与政策工具展开了交叉分析。结果显示,环境型政策工具应用频率最高,供给型和需求型政策工具应用较少,政策工具结构存在明显失衡;政策工具主要服务于规范建设与运营和引导发展与创新政策目标,政策目标的均衡性不足;政策工具与政策目标的匹配度较低,政府购买、人才供给、资金支持等诸多行之有效的政策工具在具体目标中未得到充分应用。     

The Effectiveness of Conceptual Airport Terminal Designs

Abstract

Aviation passenger traffic is forecast to grow significantly over the next decade and beyond. To accommodate this growth will require investment in airport infrastructure, including terminals. These buildings represent large, lumpy investments, so it is important to provide the capacity to accommodate the forecast traffic. However, this depends on at least two factors: the accuracy of the forecast of future demand, and the process of translating these forecasts into designs. Error in either factor can be potentially catastrophic financially. Translating forecasts into designs depends on ‘rules of thumb’ formulae that convert design hour flows into area requirements for each terminal facility. This paper examines the process of translating demand forecasts into conceptual terminal designs. The basic methods used are outlined, and how they affect the conceptual terminal design process are revealed. A model for conceptual terminal design is derived, presented and validated based on a sample of UK airports. It is shown that even if demand forecasts can be taken to be completely accurate, there can still be errors in terminal design and size resulting from the use of these ‘rules of thumb’.     

机场航班地面保障数据质量校验研究

近年来,国内机场的规模和业务量日益扩大,在运营过程中产生大量的航班地面保障数据。由于数据质量管理不完善,机场记录的航班地面保障数据存在缺失、错误等质量问题,进而影响机场的运营决策,也不利于对数据的挖掘。本文根据国内某机场航班地面保障数据质量校验需求和保障业务,设计数据质量校验指标及各指标的表达式。同时,基于IBM ODM运营决策平台实现航班地面保障数据质量校验系统,可以对机场的数据质量问题进行校验,从而推进大型机场数据质量管理的系统化。     

Airport taxi planning: Lagrangian decomposition

The airport taxi planning (TP) module is a decision tool intended to guide airport surface management operations. TP is defined by a flow network optimization model that represents flight ground movements and improves aircraft taxiing routes and schedules during periods of aircraft congestion. TP is not intended to operate as a stand‐alone tool for airport operations management: on the contrary, it must be used in conjunction with existing departing and arriving traffic tools and overseen by the taxi planner of the airport, also known as the aircraft ground controller. TP must be flexible in order to accommodate changing inputs while maintaining consistent routes and schedules already delivered from past executions. Within this dynamic environment, the execution time of TP may not exceed a few minutes. Classic methods for solving binary multi‐commodity flow networks with side constraints are not efficient enough; therefore, a Lagrangian decomposition methodology has been adapted to solve it. We demonstrate TP Lagrangian decomposition using actual data from the Madrid‐Barajas Airport. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

机场运行管理体系研究

近年来在民航运输过程中,大面积航班延误、行李不正常运输等诸多事件屡屡发生,给蓬勃发展的民航业带来了负面影响。作为民航运输体系重要的组成部分,机场在地面保障过程中的致因作用不可忽视。为规范机场的地面运行保障,提高机场运行效率,本文在分析影响机场运行效率的基础上,提出了机场运行管理体系的九大要素,构建了九大要素之间的关系,研究结论可为规范机场运行秩序,提升运行效率提供管理和决策支持。