破解治理难题，网约车监管“量身定制”

<正>平台经济爆发式增长的同时,也带来了治理难题,比如网约车安全问题、共享单车停放乱象等,行业管理部门在进行监管的同时,如何避免一放就乱、一管就死?互联网技术的迅猛发展,催生了平台经济的崛起,从电商平台到打车平台,再到支付平台……平台类型越来越丰富,并逐步由一种商业现象发展为一种经济形态。     

“公路交通建设行业第一家互联网+交通产品采购监管平台”上线运行 拥抱变化:互联网时代的协会转型之道

正今年是"十三五"开局之年,也是中国交通企业管理协会的重要转型之年,突出行业协会服务能力,切实、务实发挥行业协会的作用是协会转型升级工作的重中之重。行业协会转型升级首要应该是"放下架子,脱掉外衣,挽起裤腿与行业企业们并肩,一起创新发展。"4月12日,公路交通建设行业中的第一家互联网+交通产品采购监管平台——"交通易采招"公路交通产品采购监管平台(以下简称:平台)在北京正式上线运行并产生了第一笔订单。     

浅谈城市道路救援远程监管服务体系

城市道路救援是城市交通管理的重要组成部分,其智能化信息化水平的应用程度和相关体制机制建设在一定程度上影响了城市一体化协同发展.本文基于长三角一体化应急管理协同发展框架背景下,结合当前行业监管系统平台的情况,对充分发挥突发紧急情况下,建立远程监管服务模式、用户需求和实现路径进行了探索,以构建数据联网、车辆联合管控的"一体化、高实效、多层次"协管体系,有效解决传统道路救援监管系统问题,切实助力长三角一体化协同管理机制.     

行业发展的不二法门——记福建省交通运输厅教育培训工作

积极参与交通运输部行业管理干部培训平台(1+32培训平台)建设,参照平台的运行机制和模式,逐步建立福建省交通培训平台,形成分工协作网络,建成信息、项目、课程、师资等资源共享的紧密联系的行业教育培训体系。     

道路清障救援车辆动态监管工作的探索与思考

道路清障救援车辆动态监管是道路清障救援行业管理的重要环节和手段,通过掌握清障救援人员和道路清障车辆的实时动态,及时纠正道路清障救援过程中的违法违规行为.本文提出道路清障施救牵引行业动态监管需求,涵盖了行业动态监管需求和第三方监控要求,以期推进道路清障救援车辆第三方监管平台建设与应用,提升道路车辆清障救援服务水平.     

刘建:完善检测标准 达成联网联控

联网联控建设已逾十年。各地相继建设了监管、监控平台,但是由于平台缺乏统一标准,导致平台间不能联通,接口不统一,信息无法共享,主管部门无法对外界车辆实施有效监控,存在较大的安全隐患。近期,中国交通通信信息中心卫星导航中心主任刘建向记者盘点了他们近年来在全国重点营运车辆联网联控上所做的工作,介绍了"重点运输过程监控管理服务示范工程",他们要做的具体工作包括五大方面:建立联网联控的运     

交通运输行业信息安全管理平台体系架构研究

本文以交通运输行业信息安全管理工作现状为基础,分析了行业信息安全管理工作流程及存在的问题,以切实为信息安全检查、信息安全等级保护、网络与信息安全信息通报等工作提供技术支撑为目标,从部级用户、省级及交通运输部部属单位、系统管理员等角度,对交通运输行业信息安全管理平台进行了详细的用户需求分析,并与用户需求相对应,研究设计交通运输行业信息安全管理平台系统功能架构、总体架构研究,并对平台实施思路进行了分析。     

加强运输行业监管 提高依法行政能力

道路运输管理部门必须加强市场监管,才能保证行业的服务质量和服务水平。监管并不是对竞争的全然抹杀,恰恰相反,监管的主要任务就是建立或者保持一种必不可少的条件,使资源得到有效的利用,同时保持竞争的机制,最大限度地促进道路运输业健康、有序、快速的发展。     

信息园地

<正>1上半年全省道路运输信息化建设工作推进有力2015年全省道路运输信息化工作以建设道路客运联网售票、道路运输市场信用信息服务、道路运输综合监管及交通物流公共信息平台四大信息系统为主要目标,通过加快信息系统建设,提升道路运输行业智能化水平,为行业发展提质增效、转型升级提供科技保障。     

破局 致力行业信息技术自主创新

<正>2012年7月,交通运输部委托中国交通通信信息中心承担行业第一个信息安全领域科研项目一"异构条件下交通运输行业可信安全环境和安全检测关键技术研究"的研究工作,成为行业体系化研究信息安全工作起始点。"在交通运输行业多重、异构、复杂环境下,有效落实等级保护制度,建立行业信息安全保障体系,从安全管理上规范行业标准和要求,从安全技术上实现可信安全技术环境,建立相应的交通运输行业信息安全等级保护动态监管及安全功能性符合性检测支撑体系,使     

Bicycling renaissance in North America? An update and re-appraisal of cycling trends and policies

This paper reviews trends in cycling levels, safety, and policies in Canada and the USA over the past two decades. We analyze aggregate data for the two countries as well as city-specific case study data for nine large cities (Chicago, Minneapolis, Montréal, New York, Portland, San Francisco, Toronto, Vancouver, and Washington). Cycling levels have increased in both the USA and Canada, while cyclist fatalities have fallen. There is much spatial variation and socioeconomic inequality in cycling rates. The bike share of work commuters is more than twice as high in Canada as in the USA, and is higher in the western parts of both countries. Cycling is concentrated in central cities, especially near universities and in gentrified neighborhoods near the city center. Almost all the growth in cycling in the USA has been among men between 25-64 years old, while cycling rates have remained steady among women and fallen sharply for children. Cycling rates have risen much faster in the nine case study cities than in their countries as a whole, at least doubling in all the cities since 1990. They have implemented a wide range of infrastructure and programs to promote cycling and increase cycling safety: expanded and improved bike lanes and paths, traffic calming, parking, bike-transit integration, bike sharing, training programs, and promotional events. We describe the specific accomplishments of the nine case study cities, focusing on each city’s innovations and lessons for other cities trying to increase cycling. Portland’s comprehensive package of cycling policies has succeeded in raising cycling levels 6-fold and provides an example that other North American cities can follow.     

The role of attitude structures,direct experience and reframing for the success of congestion pricing

Congestion pricing was introduced in Stockholm in 2006, first as a trial followed by a referendum, and permanently from 2007. Public attitudes to the charges became more negative during the period from the decision to the start of the system. Once the trial started, public attitudes became dramatically more positive over the following years, going from 2/3 against the charges to more than 2/3 in favor of the charges. Self-reported changes in behavior and attitudes considerably underestimate actual changes: about 3/4 of the decrease in car trips and more than half of the change in attitudes seem to have gone unnoticed by respondents, ex post. Self-interest and belief in the charges’ effectiveness strongly affect attitudes at any given point in time, but can only explain a minor part of the change in attitudes. I suggest that the debate and the shift in attitudes can be understood as a public and political reframing of the congestion charges over time.     

新疆钢渣成渣工艺及集料化分析研究

本文通过对新疆不同成渣工艺及钢渣矿物化学组成、稳定性、物理指标进行分析,阐述了新疆钢渣技术现状,推动钢渣在公路工程中的资源化利用。新疆钢渣主要集中于北疆的乌昌地区,在热泼法和热闷法两种成渣工艺下,钢渣化学矿物成分相对稳定,属于高碱活性材料,并具有胶凝特性,同时具有一定工程级配。f-CaO含量热闷法小于热泼法,并且在自然环境下可陈化降解,有利于钢渣的稳定性。钢渣物理指标优于新疆常规碎、砾石材料,可集料化用于公路工程建设。此外,钢渣在工程应用中具有显著的经济和生态效益。     

Energy use in passenger transport in OECD countries: Changes since 1970

This paper analyzes some of the changes that took place in the structure of energy use for passenger travel in industrialized countries. Data is presented on energy use and travel activity for the four major modes of travel — automobile, bus, rail and air — for eight OECD countries: the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, West Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, and Norway. We use the Laspeyres and Divisia indices to analyze the causes of the change in energy use between 1970 and 1987. The total change in energy use for travel is explained by changes in domestic passenger transport volumes, the mix of modes of travel, and the energy intensities of each mode. We have found two important effects that have a fundamental impact on energy use for travel since 1970. First, shifts among modes of transport towards more energy-intensive ones and large increases in volumes of travel (measured in passenger-kilometers) increased energy use for travel in many OECD countries, often more rapidly than the overall growth in GDP. Second, energy intensities, measured in mJ/passenger-kilometer, of passenger transport fell only in a few countries between 1970 and 1987. Even though individual automobiles have become more energy-efficient, greater size, power, and weight, worsening traffic conditions in Japan and Europe, and fewer people in cars restrained or even offset efficiency improvements. Particularly notable are the increases in intensities in Japan and Germany. The most important exception to this trend was the United States, but the intensities of land-based travel remain higher there than in most other countries. These findings lead to a pessimistic outlook for future energy use for travel. After all, if little or no energy was saved during the decades of high fuel prices, what can be expected in the 1990s?     

Urban walkability considering pedestrians’ perceptions of the built environment: a 10-year review and a case study in a medium-sized city in Latin America

ABSTRACT

Numerous methodologies measuring walkability have been developed over the last years. This paper reviews the Walkability Index (WI) literature of the last decade (2009–2018) and highlights some limitations in the current approaches. Only a few studies have evaluated walkability in Latin America, mainly in big cities but not in medium and small-sized cities in the region, which present their own urbanisation dynamics, security issues, sidewalk invasion problems, and poor planning. Furthermore, most WIs in the literature use objective mesoscale variables to assess walkability in a given area. This paper contributes to filling these gaps by generating new evidence from a medium-sized city in Latin America to question if characteristics of the built environment encourage walking trips, as found in the literature, are transferable among regions. The study also proposes a novel index comprised of microscale and mesoscale built environment variables to assess walkability using virtual tools and considering users’ perceptions. The WI estimation relies on ranking probability models. The results of the case study suggest that subjective Security and Traffic Safety are the most crucial factors influencing walkability in these kind of cities, which is different from what is found in the literature from cities in developed countries where Sidewalk Condition and Attractiveness are the most important factors. Security appeared to be strongly associated with a subjective dimension, represented by the fear of crime or perceived risk for crime, instead of the actual occurrence of crimes. This result evidences the importance of the physical attributes of the real world and how they are captured, judged, and processed by pedestrians. Then, regional transferability of WIs needs to be done carefully. Finally, results in this paper highlight the importance of microscale built environment characteristics in the WI formulation in these cities. Results are in line with other research in some cities of the region, which found that microscale variables such as pavement quality and presence of obstacles on the sidewalks are relevant components to promote walkability.     

重庆市内河航运危化品应急处置技术研究

近年来,重庆市逐步建成了沿江化工产业带,内河航道运输成为重庆市危化品运输的重要方式之一。为提升重庆市内河航运危化品安全,本文分析了重庆市内河航运危化品的种类,阐述了重庆市内河航运危化品典型事故案例,指出了重庆市内河航运危化品运输存在的问题,研究了相应的处置技术,从政府和企业角度提出了重庆市内河航运危化品应急处置的对策与建议。     

基于LEAP模型的佛山市交通碳排放研究

随着城市化的发展,珠三角城市交通能源消耗和碳排放迅速增长。为了探讨珠三角城市低碳交通的发展方向,本文采用LEAP模型,以珠三角的佛山市为例,模拟了不同情景下交通总量、陆运和水运的能源消耗、能源结构和碳排放由2011至2030年的变化情况;并据此提出了珠三角城市低碳交通发展对策。结果表明:水运在交通运输中所占份额逐渐被陆运替代,将形成陆运为主、水运为辅的交通模式;在交通总量、陆运和水运等的交通能耗及碳排放方面,低碳情景均小于基准情景,且呈水运小于陆运的态势;而清洁能源使用比重的增加则有利于交通领域的低碳发展。珠三角城市低碳交通发展需关注陆运交通,提高清洁能源在陆运中的使用比重,优化陆运与水运的交通布局,提高运输及能源利用效率。     

Persistence of walking in Chile: lessons for urban sustainability

ABSTRACT

An extensive body of work from the urban planning, health, and other disciplines has documented the importance of walking to urban sustainability from health, safety, security, environmental and other perspectives. These studies come mainly from countries in North America and Europe, where the majority of the population relies on cars for transportation. Notwithstanding, in many countries in the Global South, walking remains a majority transport mode, while cars increasingly dominate the urban streetscape, but are accessible only to a minority of the population. Chile provides fertile terrain for studying this phenomenon. This article reviews current practice and recent research of walking in Chile, in light of international findings regarding walkability, equity and urban sustainability. To elaborate an overview of the depth and breadth of walking in Chile, an interdisciplinary team conducted a literature review, examined relevant case study material from experience from Chile and in particular from Santiago, and triangulated this mainly qualitative data with results from the origin-destination survey applied in Chile’s main cities, Chilean traffic safety data) and results from official transport reports of other Latin American cities [Tirachini, A. (2019). South America: The challenge of transition. In J. Stanley & D. Hensher (Eds.), A research agenda for transport policy. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing]. Findings show that despite priority public investments that have largely prioritised infrastructure for cars, walking in Chile has remained as the majority transport mode up until today, especially for lower-middle income groups, and particularly for care-related tasks performed mainly by women. In this sense, walking in Chile has proven remarkably persistent. The importance of walking as the main transport mode, against the odds, reflects economic, cultural, and urban form determinants, which are explored in this article. Furthermore, a recent upsurge in public interest and community design initiatives to improve walking, particularly the generation of a Chilean approach to “complete streets” has emerged, opening up opportunities to challenge Chile’s version of automobility in favour of more equitable, active and public transportation modes. There is, therefore, in Chile an opportunity to prioritise the walking mode, improve infrastructure for walkers and build from preserving current high pedestrian modal shares, rather than having to reverse widespread car use, as occurs in many countries in Europe and North America. This potential is highly relevant as these conditions are similar to those in other Latin American cities and, potentially, other cities elsewhere in the Global South.     

Bus accidents,bus deregulation and London

Local bus services were deregulated in October 1986 in all areas of Britain except London. Government policy is to extend deregulation to London, though not in the current parliament. This paper analyses statistics on bus accidents from the national road accident database from 1981 to 1991 to compare results for London and the rest of Great Britain, and to consider whether deregulation has affected safety. The conclusions depend on the assumption that accident recording practice was not itself affected by deregulation.Bus accident rates are higher in London than on built-up roads elsewhere, partly apparently because of road traffic conditions in London, and partly because open-platform buses have higher accident rates involving occupants, including boarding and alighting accidents, than buses with doors.The main safety effects of deregulation operate through its effects on bus activity, though there is also some evidence that the rate per bus-kilometre of accidents involving other road users fell slightly. This may be due in part to the trend towards smaller buses associated with deregulation. Deregulation has led to a fall in bus patronage, and thus to a fall in occupant casualties; and to a rise in bus-kilometres, and thus to a rise in casualties among other road users in accidents involving buses. The number of fatal and serious casualties among other road users involved in bus accidents is larger than the number among bus occupants, so deregulation in London could lead on balance to a small rise in fatalities involving buses. On the other hand, the number of slight casualties among other road users involved in bus accidents is smaller than the number among bus occupants, so deregulation in London could lead to a fall in the number of slight casualties involving buses.Although there were fears that changes in the management of bus operations or financial pressures might lead to increased accident rates following deregulation, there no evidence in the findings to support such fears.This paper was first presented at the 3rd International Conference on Competition and Ownership in Surface Public Transport at Mississauga, Canada on 25–29 September 1993. The author is grateful to the Department of Transport for the speed and efficiency with which they provided special tabulations from the road accident database for this study.     

Technical and environmental effects of biodiesel use in local public transport

Biodiesel use in local public transport could be especially significant in improving air quality in cities. The purpose of the experiments described in this paper was to evaluate the various (10, 20 and 50%) blends of biodiesel with diesel in the context of the engine and pollution aspects. As regards the experimental use of these findings on municipal buses, these experiments were the first reference in Hungary. The ages (15–20 years) and types of buses (Ikarus-280, Ikarus-260) used in the experiments are still common vehicles in Hungarian public transport. During our measurements, there was a significant difference between the change in fuel consumption of articulated and solo buses in traffic when compared to test bench measurements. The proportion of the engine performance reduction is nearly the same as that for biodiesel share in the blends. Most pollutants were decreasing (both at idle and full rpm), but this reduction is not directly proportional to the increase of the blending percentage. However, as for CO₂, emission increase was observed in the case of idle rpm in comparison to normal diesel operation, even though this phenomenon was not due to biodiesel use, but the catalytic converter and the fact that biodiesel was used for the first time in the engine concerned.