Calculation of Transient Stress Field During Laser Transformation Hardening Process

IntroductionHighpowerCOzlaserssdsetransformationhardeningtechniquehasbeensuccessfullyusedinindusnyforWYears.BecausethetemPeratUrefleldislocalizedinmaterialdurllglasertransfonnationhMngProcess,highthermstrCsswillgenerateinmatgrialduringlasertfansformationhardeningProcess.Therisalsohighresidualstressinmaterial,bothintCnsionandcomPression['-'].ComPressresidualstressishelptoincreasethefatigueldrimeofthelasertreatedmaterial,butthetensilestresswillshortenthefatiguelifetmeofthelasertreatedmator…     

Computer Prediction on Stress Distribution During Laser Quenching

IntroductionInprocessofindustry,theproblemscoupIedwiththermaIandfOrceareusuaIIymet.LaserqueIlchinginvolvingphasetransformationisoneofthem.HowtosetupafitmatheInatica1modeltosimulatetl1elaserquenchingprocessandhowtocalculateandanalyzenumericallythestresgdistributionarefolIowedwithinterestbymanyresearchersIl'2'3J.Thoseeffol'tsareimportanttooPtilnizethetechnologyparametersandprovideareliablebasisforimprovingthesyntheticallymechanicspropertiesandtheuseagesofmaterials.Alongwithdevelopmentofcomp…     

Calculation of Temperature Field During Laser Transformation Hardening of Cylindrical Bodies

IntroductionLaserTransformationhardeningtechniquehasbeensuccessfullyusedinindustryformanyyears.AlotsoftheoreticalworkshasbeendoneforheatflowduringthelasertfansformationhardeningofflatworkPieces["].Cyindricalbodiesarewidelyusedinindustrysuchaslocomotivecrankshaft,steelrollervalyeseat,enginecyinder.IftheschcesoftheseworkPiecesaretreatedbylasertheirwearresistancewiIIimProvealot.UptillnowmanyexPerimentalworkshasbeendoneforlasertransformationhardeningofcyindricalbodies,butfewtheoreticalworkshav…     

Generalization of Results of Computations and Natural Experiments at Steel Parts Quenching

IntroductionThepaPerpresentsthegenera1izationofresultsofnumericalcomputationsandnaturalexperimentsbasedonthesimilaritytheoryandtheoryofregularthermalconditions.Thenumericalcomputationshasbeenmadeonthebasisofsolvingequationsofnon-stationarythermalconductivityandthermoplaSticity.Thegeneralizationofresultsliesinthefactthatwefoundadimensionlessformulaforthedeterminationofthetimeofreachingthemaximumcompressionstressesonthesurfaceofp8rtstobequenched.ThepatstobequenchedaredividedintothreegrouPs:pla…     

Computer simulation of microscopic stress distribution in complex microstructure using a phase field model

Microscopic stress distribution in a metallic material which has complex microstructure is simulated using a phase field model. The fundamental equations which take into account the coupling effects among phase transformation, temperature and stress/strain are used, while thermal effects are neglected to focus on the volumetric change due to phase transformation in this paper. A two-dimensional square region is considered, and the evolution of microscopic stress and the resultant residual stress distribution are calculated using the finite element method. As the phase transformation progresses and grains grow larger, stress is generated around the growing interface. When a grain collides with another one, specifically large stress is observed. Residual stress is finally distributed in the microstructure formed, and apparently large stresses are retained along the grain boundaries. Subsequently, dependency of the stress distribution on microstructure pattern is investigated. First, variously sized square grains are tested, and it reveals that the maximum stress tends to decrease as the grain size becomes smaller. Next, the shapes of the grains are varied. As a result, the stress distribution is remarkably affected, while the maximum stress value does not change so much. More complicated grain arrangement is finally tested with eight or nine grain models. Then, it is revealed as a common feature that large stress is generated along the grain boundaries and that the stress distribution is dependent on the grain arrangement.     

采用间接耦合法分析斜拉桥索塔瞬态温度应力场

针对混凝土斜拉桥索塔,将以传热学原理为基础的温度场分析与采用有限元法的应力场分析间接耦合,准确分析了结构内瞬态温度场和应力场的分布。以实桥为例,求解了索塔上温度应力分布,表明：用有限元法求解瞬态温度场能准确模拟索塔的温度场分布;间接耦合法能准确、有效地处理温度-应力耦合问题,能将温度荷载与其他荷载作用应力场有效组合,从而得到结构上准确的应力分布;对比了瞬态温度场分布与采用温差分布经验公式的不同,证明采用温差分布经验公式计算索塔面板上温度产生的拉应力时误差不大。     

Finite Differential Method Simulation on Temperature Field in Process of Laser Quenching

IntroductionInfieldoflasertreatment,laserquenchofmetalmaterialsisanimportantcourse.ItisahotspotinresearchoflaserquenchtocalculatetemperaturedistributionandtosimulatethecoursebymeansofcomputerThecalculationandanalogyisnotonlyabasistoca1culateinnerstressdistributionoflaserquenching,butalsoafoundationtooptimizelaserquenchingtechnologyandtocontrolquenchingcourse.Therearemanymethodstocalculatetemperature,suchasfiniteelementmethod(FEM),finitedifferentialmethod(FDM)andsoon.Accordingtodifferentpedi…     

Computer modeling and validations of steel gear heat treatment processes using commercial software DANTE

The heat treatment process of a gear made of AISI 9310 carburized steel is modeled using the commercial heat treatment simulation software DANTE. Both carburization and quenching processes affect the residual stress distribution and distortion of heat-treated parts, which are important to service quality and fatigue life. DANTE/VCARB is used to design the boost/diffuse schedule of a vacuum carburization process. Oil quenching is modeled following the vacuum carburization process. Thermal gradient and phase transformation are two main sources of distortion and residual stresses in quenched parts. The relation of the carbon distribution, thermal gradient, and phase transformations during quenching is studied through the gear modeling example. Because of geometry, the residual stress distribution after quenching is non-uniform along the gear surface. In general, the root fillet has higher residual compression than either the root or tooth face locations after traditional oil quenching of carburized gears. The predicted residual stresses from the oil quenching model are imported into a single tooth fatigue bending model. The gear stresses under bending load indicate the possible cracking locations during the bending fatigue test. The importance of heat treatment residual stresses during gear design is pointed out, and it is commonly ignored in the gear design and manufacturing industry.     

Computer Predictions and Experimental Verification of Residual Stresses and Distortion in Carburizing-Quenching of Steel

IntroductionInordertoobtainimprovedmechanicalpropertiesandfatiguestrengthofmachinecomponents,stlchasgears,shaftsandsoon,carburizing-quenchingprocessasamethodofstirfacehardeningisoftenusedinindustry.Howevef,carbtirizing-quenchingisusuallyaccompaniedwithcarbonconcentrationandleadtodistortion,residualstressesandhardnessofsteelparts.Theeffectofcarboncontentisspeciallysignificantonphasetransformationbel1aviorThispaPerwillpresentthesimulationresultsoftheresidualstressfieldanddistortionofasteelcylin…     

Stress Field Analysis of Carburized Specimen and Its Numerical Simulation

IntroductionCarburiZingiswidelyaPPiedheattre8boellttechnologyinindustry.Duringcarburizing,acasewithcarboncontellthigherthanthatofthecoreisformd;andaftethecarburzedmachinepwtbeingquenched,sdsehardenedlayeconsistedmainlyofmartensite,aswellasresidualstfOssfieldappearinit.Theresidua1stressfieldofcarburizedsteelanditsinfluenceonfatiguestrengthhavebeenstudiedexPerimenally["'],whilefewrePortscanbefoundaboatnumericalsimulationofresidualstressfieldincarburizedsPecmenaswellasitsinstataneousstressdist…     

Development of Thermal Process and Numerical Modeling

IntroductionWithinrecentdecade,thenumericaIsimulationhasbeenrapidlyachievedandhasaPpliedtothermalmanufacturingprocess.ThephasetransformationiscomplicatedbythefactthatthereareseveralmicrostructuralscaIestoconsideHl1-I4].InordertorevealtheruIeofcomplexphasetransformation,itisnecessarytousethetoolofnumericalsimulationtomodelandcontroltheoverallprocessofphasetransformation.NowthecomputersimulationcangetsomereasonabIeresultSinmanyaspectsofthermalmanufacturingprocess:e.g.,thesimulationoftemperat…     

Numerical Analysis of Thermal Distortion and Residual Stresses in H13 Steel Due to Vacuum Gas Quenching

IntroductionVacuumgasquenchinginvolvinghighpressuregasasacoolingmedium,is.anincreasinglypoPularheattreatffienttechniquefor1argesteeldieblocks,forexamPleHl3die.ItisconsideredessefltialtounderstandthentheeofthegasflowandtheinfiuencethishasontemPeratureprofilesandresultaflresidualstresseswithintheheattTeatedcomPonent.SimulatingthisprocessinvolvesthesimulationofgasflowinthefurnaceaswellasthesimulationofthethermalbehaviourofthecomPoneni.However,thereisnosinglecomPatersoftwarepackageavailabletot…     

磨削淬火技术的温度场仿真研究

目前对磨削淬火的研究,多采用实验的方法,通过大量的实验来制定合适的工艺参数,但由于磨削加工的复杂性,常使得实验研究带有一定的偶然性和盲目性.文中对影响磨削淬火工艺的关键因素——温度场,利用有限元方法进行了仿真研究,得到了磨削温度场的等温线图和工件各处的温度变化历程,预测了工件表层是否发生马氏体相变及相变层厚度,并进行了实验验证.研究表明,磨削淬火技术可以替代常规表面淬火工艺,利用磨削温度场仿真技术可以减少实验量、节省实验费用.     

海底隧道大体积混凝土温度场及温度应力有限元分析

大体积混凝土的温度裂缝与混凝土的温度场和温度应力分布关系密切。重点探讨了应用有限元法求解大体积混凝土温度场和温度应力发展过程的模拟方法。以厦门南港海隧道为例,提出了大体积混凝土温度应力方程,编制了大体积混凝土温度场和温度应力计算程序。研究结果表明,采用有限元可以模拟大体积混凝土在温度场作用下的应力发展过程,计算结果符合混凝土浇筑过程中的温度应力分布规律。     

饱和多孔介质冻融过程的混合物连续介质理论

应用混合物的连续介质理论,建立了冻融过程中饱和多孔介质的渗流场、应力场和温度场耦合作用的数学模型。该模型以多孔骨架位移、水头和温度为基本变量,包括水总质量守恒方程,总应力平衡方程和总能量守恒方程。该模型可简化为未冻区域内的三场耦合模型,两场耦合的渗流-弹性模型,热-弹性模型和热-渗流模型,以及单场作用的渗流模型,弹性模型和热传导模型。     

X65管线厚板控制冷却时的相变效应

为明确相变效应对X65管线厚板控制冷却的影响,通过开发线性混合热膨胀模型、拓展Avrami相变动力学模型和应用Leblond模型建立了热力耦合有限元模型.用该模型研究了X65管线厚板在上下层流冷却系数分别为3和1 kW/(m2.K)的非对称控制冷却时,相变效应对温度、残余应力和应变的影响.结果表明:相变期间,潜热减缓心部和下表面的冷却速度达50%、25%;潜热和TRIP效应分别产生峰值为89、-89 MPa,并且130、-170 MPa的应力可减小整体残余应力;相变膨胀产生峰值为723、-479 MPa的组织应力决定了整体残余应力大小及分布.     

瀛洲大桥倒三角区浇注期间水化热温度监测及应力有限元分析

以瀛洲大桥倒三角区为研究对象,确定了温度监测方案,应用有限元分析程序ANSYS分析了箱梁混凝土的浇注温度场,得到了整个施工过程中温度场和应力场的分布规律,对三角区的浇注进行事前预测和浇注进程控制有重要的指导意义。     

Numerical study of the forming process of high frequency welded pipe

The roll forming process is applied to the manufacturing of high frequency welded (HFW) pipes,section steels,etc. In this paper,the roll forming process of the HFW pipe is simulated with the finite element method (FEM). A user-defined material routine of the commercial finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit is developed,and the mixed hardening constitution model is realized through the user-defined material routine. Based on the mixed hardening constitutive equation,the numerical simulation of roll forming pro...     

Prediction of Welding Residual Stress in 2. 25Cr-1Mo Steel Pipe

Introduction2.25Cr-1Mo-steel is widely used in thepetroleum industry and in steam power generatingof both nuclear and conventional power plants be-cause of its excellent high-temperature strength,corrosion resistibility,and resistance to high-tem-perature hydrogen attack.Because several alloy el-ements are added into2.25Cr-1Mo-steel,marten-site is prone to form after welding.It has been rec-ognized that phase transformation can radically af-fect the development of residual stresses[1-2].Inor…