盾构关键部件在线监测和维护技术研究

以盾构设备及其施工行为作为研究对象,开发盾构及关键部件在线监测与维护系统。将基于状态的维护理论应用于盾构在线监测与维护中,参考OSA-CBM标准设计了系统的体系结构,将系统分成7个功能不同的层次模块;对盾构设备数据库系统进行设计,为整个系统提供数据支持;对盾构状态监测、故障诊断及预测等技术分别进行深入研究,实现了盾构关键部件的在线监测及维护。     

泥水盾构环流系统及排泥管携碴能力分析与应用

泥水盾构环流系统由泥浆输送系统和泥浆处理系统两部分组成,泥水盾构环流系统的正确选用直接关系到盾构施工的速度。文章以南京长江隧道工程为例,针对不同地层进行了泥浆循环系统物质平衡计算、筛分效果分析、排泥管携碴能力的计算及分析。现场实际结果表明,该计算分析方法对泥水盾构泥水分离系统及排泥管的合理选用具有较强的指导意义,可供类似工程参考借鉴。     

盾构隧道施工刀盘状态实时监测系统研制

盾构隧道施工中,由于盾构刀盘后面为有压舱,刀盘工作处于"黑箱"状态。为了实时监测盾构掘进过程中刀盘滚刀及刀盘整体的工作状态,研发了一套盾构隧道施工刀盘状态实时监测系统。该系统由传感器、控制与数据传输及算法与显示三个子系统组成;传感器子系统集成了自制的滚刀磨损量与转速传感器、温度传感器、数据采集模块和电源;集成的传感器安装于刀盘滚刀刀箱内,可实时监测滚刀的磨损量、转速与刀盘的温度。采集的数据通过有线或无线传输到中心端,再通过有线方式传送给上位机。上位机软件集成了盾构设计参数及隧道地层参数、盾构施工参数、传感器监测参数,可实时显示传感器采集的参数,并结合地层条件与盾构施工参数综合判定盾构刀盘工作状态,预测滚刀使用寿命。经过实验室测试、工厂测试,结果表明该系统满足设计要求,可用于盾构刀盘工作状态监测。     

盾构泡沫系统优化改造及现场试验研究

在地铁隧道施工中,泡沫系统是影响土压平衡盾构掘进安全、质量和效率的重要因素。文章以杭州地铁一号线盾构隧道工程为依托,针对盾构自带泡沫系统自身不易控制、维修不便、系统复杂且不独立等缺陷,提出了优化改造措施,意在使泡沫系统完全国产化和独立化;通过改造前后泡沫系统操作性、精度控制、系统故障率及经济效益四方面的比较,证明了优化改造后泡沫系统的优异性能;同时,基于优化改造后的泡沫系统,针对杭州粉砂性土的地层条件下进行的盾构推进时泡沫系统施工参数的现场试验,分析了不同泡沫量对刀盘扭矩、推进速度的影响,结果表明泡沫参数适用于粉砂性土层中的盾构掘进。     

φ800mm土压平衡式模型盾构试验系统的研制

文章针对自主研发的φ800 mm土压平衡式模型盾构掘进系统,详细介绍了盾构机壳体、掘削系统、螺旋出土器、推进系统和控制台5个重要部件各自的结构形式、布局特点、参数确定及具体功能等,并指出该模型盾构试验系统可根据不同的需求开展原样土体掘进试验、相似模型试验,以及盾构近接施工等复杂条件下的模拟试验;通过在原样砂土地层中的掘进试验结果,分析了地表沉降形态与发展过程及地层损失率与地层位移间的关系;运用Peck公式对地表沉降进行了计算并与试验值进行了对比,验证了该土压平衡式模型盾构掘进系统的可靠性。     

盾构自动导向系统精度分析

文章对盾构自动导向系统中影响精度的几个条件:仪器精度、计算模型精度和安装精度进行了理论分析,并提出了仪器选型精度条件、导向系统现场安装的精度要求,为盾构自动导向系统选型及安装提供了参考依据.     

泥水加压盾构泥水分离与处理方法及模式

泥水系统是泥水盾构的必不可少的配套系统,文章系统地叙述了泥水盾构的排浆、送浆、造浆、分离、处理等系统的组成,研究分析了泥水分离及处理方法,对各种地层的泥水处理模式提出了建议,可为类似工程的施工提供参考。     

越江隧道工程大型泥水盾构进出洞施工关键技术

盾构进出洞施工是上海复兴东路越江隧道工程圆形断面隧道施工的重要环节,其技术的成功与否,将直接影响隧道盾构的正常推进.复兴东路越江隧道工程盾构进出洞段施工难点主要是浅覆土中泥水平衡系统的建立和控制,其进出口段地层的冻结加固处理、洞口的止水设计、盾构轴线控制及泥水平衡控制等都是大型泥水盾构进出洞掘进施工的关键技术.     

无水大粒径卵砾漂石地层盾构选型研究

文章依托北京地铁9号线工程实例,针对北京典型无水大粒径卵砾漂石地层盾构施工所面临的问题,提出了"以疏为主、以隔为辅"的盾构设备选型理念,开展了盾构机刀盘、刀具、加泥及泡沫系统、螺旋输送系统、同步注浆系统、刀盘驱动系统等关键设备的适应性研究和改造升级。实践证明,改造升级后的盾构设备适用于北京典型无水大粒径漂卵砾石地层,极大地提高了掘进速度,降低了建设成本。     

城市地下工程盾构施工风险分级管控平台研发与应用分析

为有效解决城市地下工程盾构施工风险事件高发、预警响应不及时等问题，基于风险分级管控理念，结合盾构掘进参数智能化预报警机制研究，研发了城市地下工程盾构施工风险分级管控系统平台，平台主要包括盾构掘进设备参数及监控数据全维度采集、综合信息集成、GIS图层展示、盾构掘进参数智能监控、监控量测数据智能采集、风险预测及预警管理、系统管理等模块，能够实现对盾构掘进数据超限智能预警、风险智能监控、施工风险动态管理以及成型隧道结构工后风险状态管控等功能。该平台的研发与应用，为有效解决当前盾构施工监管难度大、风险响应滞后等问题，以及对各类城市轨道交通及大型市政类工程盾构施工风险信息化智慧化管控平台建设提供参考样例。     

养护管理体制的创新

就养护体制的创新进行探讨,重点介绍费税改革后荣成公路管理局养护管理体制是如何转变的,以及体制变革后养护管理采用的方式、方法和取得的成功经验。     

A survey of the Swiss public transport system and policy

This paper surveys Swiss public transport structure and policy. The regulatory regime is explained with the division between the two operators working under federal monopoly — the State railways (SBB) and the postbuses (PTT) — and the rest of the system. The rather complicated Swiss subsidy arrangements are described. The federal government's emphasis on introducing cheap public transport fares on environmental grounds through the federal transport measures (BTM) and the use of cheap fares in urban areas are discussed. The paper notes the Swiss people's rejection by a referendum of a federal commission's proposal for an integrated transport policy, though some of the solutions were introduced in their own right: the division of SBB into two parts, and the creation of the concept Rail 2000, later developed into Rail + Bus 2000. Finally, the paper reviews problems of the Swiss policy, including the future of cheap fares, making some comparisons with developments in Scandinavia.     

The successful transportation system and the regional planning problem: An evaluation of the Munich rapid transit system in the context of urban and regional planning policy

The development of the Munich Rapid Transit System, coupled with the growth of the Munich region, has had a major effect on the spatial structure of the region. The radial form of the rapid transit system has led to an outward movement of higher income families and a strengthening of the service function of the city centre, to the cost of local centres. Lower income families are tending to settle in the city centre fringe areas, although their primary employment opportunities, in manufacturing industry, are increasingly moving to the urban fringe. There is, thus, a growing spatial separation between homes and workplaces and although the rapid transit system has reduced traffic congestion in Munich, it has encouraged the development of an urban structure which is not compatible with the objectives of either the state or the region.     

Model uncertainty and the management of a system of infrastructure facilities

The network-level infrastructure management problem involves selecting and scheduling maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation (MR&R) activities on networks of infrastructure facilities so as to maintain the level of service provided by the network in a cost-effective manner. This problem is frequently formulated as a Markov decision problem (MDP) solved via linear programming (LP). The conditions of facilities are represented by elements of discrete condition rating sets, and transition probabilities are employed to describe deterioration processes. Epistemic and parametric uncertainties not considered within the standard MDP/LP framework are associated with the transition probabilities used in infrastructure management optimization routines. This paper contrasts the expected costs incurred when model uncertainty is ignored with those incurred when this uncertainty is explicitly considered using robust optimization. A case study involving a network-level pavement management MDP/LP problem demonstrates how explicitly considering uncertainty may limit worst-case MR&R expenditures. The methods and results can also be used to identify the costs of uncertainty in transition probability matrices used in infrastructure management systems.     

The planning and analysis of a new group rapid transit system: the SkyCabs monobeam system in Auckland

This paper examines a case study of the SkyCabs system as a way to alleviate some of the traffic problems of Auckland, New Zealand. SkyCabs is an elevated two-way monobeam carrying light eight-seater cabs on tracks on each side of the beam, available on demand, providing fast, pollution-free, unimpeded travel above the footpath with panoramic views of the city. The aim of this study is to investigate the attractiveness of implementing the SkyCabs system to and from Auckland central business district (CBD) and Auckland international airport by examining four variables: different routes, different number of stops/stations, different passenger demand levels, and different number of cabs in the system. The analysis utilizes geographical information system and simulation tools for the various scenarios considered. The results show that it is possible to assess the cost–benefit of alternative routes in terms of those four variables and rate of return on investment.     

盾构后配套设备的选型计算

文章通过分析计算,确定了盾构后续设备的主要技术参数,从而为盾构开挖配套设备选型提供了技术根据.     

Transportation system in the future

The paper begins with a review of the major features of the transport policy of the European Community. It continues with an assessment of the likely characteristics of future transport supply, identifying the particular competing developments in road and air transport which would affect the success of high speed rail investments such as that proposed between Amsterdam, Groningen and Hamburg.     

The reliability of the motorway transport system

This paper presents an analysis of motorway circulation under congested traffic conditions, with the aim of arriving at a measurement of the reliability of the motorway transport system. The author suggests a model of the speed process on a motorway lane under conditions of congestion, which was tested experimentally employing a great number of data collected on two motorways, varying considerably in terms of environmental and traffic conditions. It is shown that the relationships between the parameters of this process and the traffic density define in sufficiently complete fashion the behaviour of the motorway transport system under conditions of congestion. Using this speed process model, a simulation procedure was developed which permits calculation of the reliability of a traffic stream. Finally a method was determined for calculating the reliability in real time, which can be usefully employed in motorway traffic control.     

泰安交通投融资体系建设的研究

燃油费税改革后,交通建设投资渠道发生了根本变化。地方政府财政投入不足,行业补助资金有限,这就需要我们用好、用足政府及行业关于交通发展的政策办法,拓宽投融资渠道,加快构建交通投融资体系,满足新时期交通建设快速发展的需要。