Lateral Vehicle Behaviour: Comparison of Subjective/Objective Assessment Using the Choquet Integral

This paper presents an original method for the aggregation of transverse behaviour indicators obtained first from a subjective assessment then from an objective one of different vehicles tested under normal working conditions. The Choquet integral is used with respect to fuzzy measures. The main advantage of this method is to take account of the existing interactions between the indicators: redundancy, complementarity, inde-pendence. When this tool is used for subjective and objective evaluations, the computation methods of the objective indicators can be validated. Moreover, the influence of the human factor in the judgment of vehicle behaviour is easier to understand.     

汽车关门声品质主客观维度解构及应用研究

通过对关门声品质主观评价维度进行解构,将关门声的主观感知细分为总体响度、厚重感、紧凑感、精致感4个维度,并采用语义细分法结合等级评价法进行关门声品质的主观感知评价。进一步对声品质评价的大量客观参数进行主客观关联性分析,找到了与关门声品质4个感知维度相关性在0.9以上的对应客观量化指标,分别为峰值响度、低频能量、响度特征谱包络和平均尖锐。结合某乘用车关门声品质的优化案例,对提出的主客观评价方法的合理性进行了验证,结果表明,所建立的主客观评价方法,可以全面表达人对关门声品质的主观感知评价,在车门声品质开发过程中能较准确地诊断问题,对汽车关门声品质的评价与开发具有实际指导意义。     

动力总成驾驶性客观评价的工况优选方法与试验验证

针对动力总成驾驶性评价工况选择缺乏合理性的问题,提出一种基于组合权重和改进TOPSIS法的动力总成驾驶性客观评价工况优选方法。首先,根据动力总成工作原理分析驾驶性客观评价指标并搭建测试与分析软硬件平台。然后,基于组合赋权思想,采用层次分析法(AHP)和变异系数法(CV)确定主客观权重,运用最小相对信息熵原理获得AHP-CV模型的最优权重。接着用加权马氏距离替代欧氏距离的改进逼近理想排序(TOPSIS)搭建车辆驾驶性评价工况优选模型。最后,以静态换挡工况为例进行研究,得出10个细分工况的加权指标值,并对细分工况进行综合排序。试验结果表明,提出的改进AHP-CV-TOPSIS模型对于车辆驾驶性评价的工况选择具有较好的适用性,可揭示各细分工况对驾驶性评价的重要程度,为车辆驾驶性主客观评价工况选取提供科学指导。     

Objective evaluation of door-closing sound quality based on physiological acoustics

This paper presents a new method to objectively quantify the sound quality of doors closing in premium passenger cars. In previous works, psychoacoustic parameters have been used for objective quantification. However, these parameters do not agree well with subsequent subjective assessments. Therefore, the correlation between the psychoacoustic parameters and the subjective rating of door closing sounds in sampled cars is low, and it is not sufficient to use psychoacoustic parameters as an objective metric to quantify the quality of door-closing sounds. In this paper, a new method is proposed to objectively quantify the sound quality based on physiological acoustics and statistical signal processing. A gammatone filter is used as a pre-processing method in models of the auditory system and kurtosis, which is the fourth-order moment of the temporal signal and is used to extract quantitative information about the quality of door-closing sounds. The new metric obtained from the proposed method is highly correlated to subjective ratings and has been successfully applied to the quantification of door-closing sound quality.     

基于组合赋权-云模型的水上机场场址评价方法

当水上机场与航道共处于同一片水域时,难免会形成水上飞机与船舶的会遇局面,对水上飞机的起降、滑行安全以及附近水域的船舶航行安全造成影响.为保障水上飞机和船舶的安全,评价水上机场场址的合理性与安全性尤为重要.提出了组合赋权和云模型相结合的水上机场场址评价方法,选取了气象环境、水文环境、通航环境和起降水域空域环境4个一级评价...     

Modeling and Analysis of Nonlinear Multibody Systems

SUMMARY

The method of multibody systems is introduced for the modeling of nonlinear vehicle systems. The equations of motion and the equations of reaction are found. For the dynamical analysis a classification of nonlinear phenomena is presented using objective and subjective criteria. As an illustrative example the dynamical behaviour of a four-body pendulum is investigated.     

乘用车车内噪声与主观评价相关性分析

文章选取了7辆车进行噪声舒适性主客观评价试验,客观评价指标为驾驶员耳边噪声值,主观评价指标为滚动噪声、边棱敏感性等5个,评车师根据试验情况对试验车各指标进行打分并给出总分值。比较了不同试验车速车辆前后排的噪声值,并对主、客观数值进行多元回归分析。     

乘用车室内噪声与乘员心率和舒适性模糊评价关系研究

乘用车室内噪声是影响汽车乘坐舒适性的重要因素之一。从乘用车室内噪声模拟试验入手,通过客观生理指标的变化来评价汽车乘坐舒适性,实现对主观评价的客观化,尝试提出一种乘员烦躁度的客观—主观模糊评价方法。结果表明,心率变异性分析中的LF、HF及LF/HF指标可在一定程度上反应车内乘客的噪声舒适度。随着噪声舒适度等级的降低,相应的HRV生理指标LFnorm均值,LF/HF均值大致递增,HFnorm均值大致递减,并且呈现一定的线性规律。     

邻近建筑物条件下青岛地铁盾构施工风险评价

以往构建的邻近建筑条件下地铁盾构施工风险指标没有考虑指标间的相关性,且忽略专家的犹豫程度,首先从方法创新的角度利用决策实验室法（DEMATEL）确定准则层间综合影响关系,作为控制层结构关系构建网络层次结构模型,求出DEMATEL和ANP相结合的主观混合权重; 再以熵权法求解客观权重,采用主客观权重偏差平方和最小为目标函数求解组合权重; 最后考虑了专家犹豫程度,运用vague集法进行施工风险评价。通过计算得出青岛地铁1号线安安区段风险等级与工程实际相符合,进而验证了该评价方法的实用性。     

Psychological perspectives on changing driver attitude and behaviour

From a psychological viewpoint, several behaviour change techniques may be used to change unsate driver behaviour, e.g. informing, persuading rewarding, punishing etc. The motivation underlying the behaviour determines to a large degree how successful these behaviour change strategies may be. In the article, three broad classes of explanation for driver behaviour are distinguished: reasoned or planned behaviour, impulsive or emotional behaviour and habitual behaviour. Reasoned behaviour is under voliitional control of the driven and is determined by intention to commit the behaviour, which is in turn dependent on attitudes and subjective norms. Emotional behaviour may take range of expressive forms, varying from impulsive reactions to unexpected traffic situations to aggressive driving behaviours elicited by perceived norm-violations of other road users. Habitual behaviour occurs mindlessly, without forethought or conscious information-processing. The transfer of objective knowledge, the cornerstone of persuasive road safety campaigns and road safety education, may be useful in itself in changing reasoned driver behaviour, but may be amiss in changing unplanned, emotionally or habitually driven behaviours. For addressing these types of behaviour, other or additional strategies are considered.     

智能网联汽车人机交互场景测评方法研究

汽车座舱内的人机交互智能系统一定程度决定了用户的智能体验,对人机交互进行测试研究,形成一套完整的人机交互测试评价方法,可以指导人机交互的设计开发,实现人机交互的迭代和优化。汽车座舱内功能日益增加,给用户带来更丰富的体验,然而功能相同,人机交互不同,给用户带来的驾驶体验却大相径庭。基于典型使用场景,从客观角度,分析不同车型相同场景下车机系统的响应、驾驶员眼部活动和驾驶员手部活动的差异,进一步量化评价参数,形成评价指标,同时根据五感和五觉,设计主观评价表对人机交互进行测评。测评结果表明,该方法具备可操作性和合理性,能从客观和主观角度全面评估人机交互的优劣。     

汽车操纵稳定性主客观评价数据的一种处理方法

汽车操纵稳定性主客观评价之间的相关性分析是汽车技术的重要课题。提出了汽车操纵稳定性主客观评价数据的一种处理方法．通过回归分析筛选客观参数，运用BP神经网络建立相关性模型，验证结果说明了该方法的可行性。     

汽车声品质主客观评价方法研究

阐述了汽车产品开发过程中声品质主观评价方法的不足,介绍了各心理声学参数的应用。以10种类型轿车在不同车速下不同位置座椅处的耳旁噪声为评价对象,对车内噪声品质用成对比较法进行了主观评价试验;分析计算了各噪声样本的主要心理声学客观参数;在精确计算评价结果误判率的基础上,通过相关分析和多元回归分析,建立了匀速车内噪声主观偏好性与心理声学参数间的数学模型。研究结果表明,与轿车匀速车内噪声品质相关的主要心理声学参量根据车速的不同而不尽相同。     

基于证据理论和模糊神经网络的汽车换挡平顺性评价方法

针对目前汽车换挡平顺性评价方法的不足,提出了一个基于证据理论和模糊神经网络的汽车换挡平顺性评价方法.运用证据理论对不同驾驶员给出的主观评价进行数据融合;通过模糊神经网络对由仪器测得的客观评价指标和经证据合成后的相应主观评价构成的样本向量进行学习和训练,建立了汽车换挡平顺性评价系统.计算和试验结果表明,该方法克服了主观评价和客观评价各自的缺点,能客观、准确、有效地评价汽车换挡平顺性.     

Developing a safer road user behaviour index

Road user behaviour is an essential factor of increasing the rate of traffic accidents worldwide. Road safety experts and scientists consider aspects of road users' behaviour to be the main risk factors for road fatalities. These factors include drinking alcohol, speeding, not wearing seat belts, not wearing helmets when riding two-wheeled vehicles, not using child restraints, consuming illegal drugs, and being distracted by mobile phone use. This paper aims to investigate the role of these factors in assessing the road user behaviour through aggregating them and build a composite indicator that can be used in countries benchmarking and cross countries comparison, then identifying most successful practises. To achieve this aim, data related to the selected indicators, life-saving rate, and real crash data were collected. The indicators were weighted using simple and theoretical methods. The weighted indicators were aggregated using simple additive method. The developed index was applied to 12 European countries to test the validation of the index through investigation the correlation between index’ ranking of countries with the ranking according to the rate of fatalities. It is concluded that the developed composite indicator can be used to assess the role of using the protection system and speeding in the severity of the road crashes. However, the role of the remaining factors in the likelihood of crashes occurrence needs more investigation. It can be concluded also that the road users' behaviour is not the only factor of reducing the road fatalities in some countries. This enhances the multidimensional system approach of defining the road safety. Based on this, it is recommended to consider other factors in conducting research, developing indices of road safety, and in recommending solutions. The results show also that the UK, Sweden, Ireland and Ireland have the most successful strategies to improve the road user behaviour among the selected countries; therefore, it is recommended to take lessons from these practices.     

Tuning and objective performance evaluation of a driving simulator to investigate tyre behaviour in on-centre handling manoeuvres

Driving simulation aims at reproducing, within a safe and controlled environment, sensorial stimuli as close to those perceived during the actual drive as possible, in order to induce driving behaviour similar to the real one. This paper illustrates an activity carried out on the driving simulator Virtual Environment for Road Safety, bound for system performance optimisation while dealing with subjective and objective tyres evaluation in the field of on-centre manoeuvres. Such activity can be divided into two main steps. The first one, described herewith, has been focusing on platform motion algorithms tuning and has led to driving simulator objective validation within the on-centre range. Device capability of reproducing dynamics, worked out by the vehicle model, has been thoroughly examined. Simulator sensitivity to a few tyre parameters influencing vehicle lateral dynamics has been analysed too. The second step – calling for the support of experienced drivers – will pursue subjective validation.     

高速公路平纵曲线组合路段交通风险评估方法

高速公路平纵曲线组合路段常出现单一平曲线和竖曲线要素满足规范，但二者相结合后存在安全隐患的情况。为评估这类组合路段的交通风险、提升组合路段安全性，综合运用可拓云理论与理想点法，提出了基于可拓云模型的交通风险评估方法。基于已有事故数据和文献，从驾驶员、道路、交通环境以及其他因素的角度出发，构建了包含15个指标的交通风险评估指标体系，并将每个指标划分为5个风险等级；利用层次分析法和熵权法确定各评估指标主、客观权重后，再通过理想点法确定各评估指标组合权重；参照公路路线设计规范及相关文献，考虑定性指标的边界模糊性划分各评估指标的风险等级，并按照等比原则实现定性指标的定量化描述；构造可拓云模型云隶属度矩阵，计算综合评判向量，最后根据最大隶属度原则确定路段风险等级。以云南省3段高速公路路段作为分析案例，利用基于可拓云模型的交通风险评估方法计算了各路段风险等级，并识别了各路段的危险性指标。结果表明:该方法与传统基于模糊综合评价法相比，评估结果相同，但信息更丰富，其综合评判模糊等级特征值的期望E_xr反映了路段的安全程度；Y路段的E_xr高于C路段，表明Y路段比C路段更安全；3段路段的评估结果的置信度因子θ均小于0.05，表明结果可信度较高，验证了该方法在交通风险评估过程中的适用性。      

Links between subjective assessments and objective metrics for steering

The characteristics of steering perception are decisive factors for overall driver preference and for vehicle safety. Car manufacturers are continuously required to tune the characteristics of the vehicle and have a strong need to be more effective in the design and evaluation of cars. Using only objective metrics (OM) can result in unwanted steering feel and using only subjective assessments (SA) is time-consuming, costly and non-repetitive. Before a tool can be built to predict the steering feel in front-end development and to improve design knowledge from the full vehicle level to the component level, links between subjective assessments and objective metrics must be found and analysed. The data collected for the study presented in this paper include subjective ratings from expert drivers and objective measurements made with steering robots, involving twelve expert drivers and over twenty vehicles across four different vehicle classes. Linear regression and neural network analysis (NN) have been used to explore reliable subjective-objective links. The tools and methods used in this research showed promising results. Most of the links found concern response and torque feedback. The preferred ranges of some crucial objective metrics leading to more desirable steering feel have been defined and presented. The results indicate that it would be possible for car manufacturers to develop new vehicles more effectively with a steering feel in line with the design criteria by using the tools and methods investigated in this paper.     

维修质量综合评价权重系数的确定与分析

依照综合评价的基本理论,探讨确定维修质量评价参数权重的方法.首先对客观赋权法和主观赋权法进行了比较,在此基础上通过实例验证变异系数法、复相关系数法和组合法3种客观赋权法确定维修质量综合评价权重的效果.结果表明,采用组合客观赋权法确定的评价权重,与实际中各个参数的重要程度相吻合.     

重大疫情对乘客公共交通依赖性的影响

深入探究重大疫情对乘客公共交通使用行为和依赖性的影响,有助于针对性地改善公共交通服务质量和供需平衡情况.结合前景理论与计划行为理论,开展重大疫情时期SP/RP出行调查,从出行行为表现维度选取3个指标并利用k-means算法标定公共交通出行群体,从7个层面筛选公共交通依赖性内外部影响指标,采用结构方程模型构建重大疫情对乘...