公路网现状评价体系及应用

在各地推进公路网系统发展建设的过程中，需要采用科学合理的方法对公路网系统进行系统全面的综合评价，发现现状问题，提出后期发展方向的建议，以期指导公路网的规划建设工作。本文建立了公路网现状评价指标体系，提出了基于专家调研的指标评分等级标准；采用层次分析法确定了评价指标的权重值并开展了公路网现状的综合评价。最后开展了通州区和顺义区的实例应用，发现其现状问题并提出了后期发展方向，从而验证了本文所提出的公路网现状评价指标体系及综合评价方法的科学性、合理性、可靠性和适用性，对公路网现状评价方法的研究具有重要指导意义。     

新型城镇化背景下的县域农村公路网规划研究——以济南市济阳县农村公路为例

农村公路网是区域路网的重要组成部分,对于实现新型城镇化具有重要意义。笔者从促进县域产业全面发展的角度出发,以济南市济阳县农村公路为例,对农村公路网的规划方法进行研究。在传统节点重要度法基础上提出了基于镇村体系、特色农业布局和生产出行的重要度布局规划方法。在统筹县域交通发展的基础上,提出公路网体系构建方案,并提出基于量化指标的公路网模糊评价方法     

图论法确定区域公路网主骨架浅谈

公路网主骨架布局规划作为区域公路网规划的第一层次,是决定公路网布局规划总体框架结构的基础,事关公路网布局规划的优劣和成败.运用运筹学中的图论方法,首先确定区域公路网的最小树,并以此作为确定区域公路网主骨架的基础.同时考虑区域的自然地理、山川大势及与外界的联系来分析确定区域公路网主骨架.     

济南市公路网现状分析与可持续发展评价

通过对济南市社会经济发展状况、综合交通运输状况、公路网现状的分析评价,提出今后济南市公路网可持续发展目标,为编制济南市"十一五"规划提供参考.     

乡镇道路规划的交通安全评价

文章通过分析现有农村公路网中乡镇道路规划方案的评价指标体系，指出对乡镇道路网进行交通安全评价的必要性，并初步建立了交通安全评价指标体系，为进行道路规划阶段的交通安全评价提供参考。     

综合交通网规划环境影响评价的公众参与研究

综合交通网规划实施将会带来区域性、结构性的环境影响,环境评价是规划制度建设的重要内容。本文从分析我国综合交通网规划环评的公众参与存在的问题着眼,探讨了综合交通网规划环境影响评价公众参与的目的与重点,论述了公众参与的原则、对象和形式,给出了公众参与的实施框架和基本内容。     

综合交通环境下山东省公路网发展思路探讨

《山东省综合交通网中长期发展规划》的颁布实施,预示着山东省交通运输进入综合发展的崭新阶段,给各种交通方式提出了更高要求。然而山东省公路网建设起步较早,标准低等问题比较突出。本文在充分研究山东省公路网发展规律的基础上,结合国内外对比研究,找到山东省公路网存在的主要问题,并结合综合交通运输体系大发展的宏观环境进行需求预测,提出了山东省公路网发展思路,以期为后续山东省公路网建设提供思路借鉴。     

基于GIS技术的公路水土流失分级分区研究

1引言由于公路工程线路长、规模大,在实施过程中对沿线地形地貌原有格局扰动较大,由此不可避免的会增加区域水土流失总量。在对区域的公路交通发展规划进行环境影响评价时,水土流失严重性的分级以及水土流失总量的估计是其中一个难点所在。针对公路网规划线路沿线区域内的水土流失情况进行分级分区,可以在公路后续的建设期和施工期因地制宜地对各个类型区分别提出治理要求,科学指导水土保持工作。在区域水土流失分区方面,我国学者曾经进行过大量的研     

山西省公路网规划的实践与探索

<正>交通部于1990年4月21日下发了关于发布《公路网规划编制办法的通知》[(90)交计字225号]及《关于编制1991年～2020年全国公路网规划的通知》[(91)交计字707号]两个文件,要求全国各省市、自治区和各市、县编制30年公路网规划,以期达到使公路建设适应国民经济发展的目的,同时使公路网规划工作步入程序化、规模化、科学化的轨道。     

高等级公路建设项目环境后评价研究

在论述高等级公路建设项目环境后评价的概念及其与环境影响评价的区别的基础上,对高等级公路建设项目环境后评价的作用、主要内容、评价方法进行了探讨.指出环境后评价的内容应紧扣环境影响评价的内容,重点在于突出模型使用、参数选择、数据应用、措施保护等的对比与分析,为环境的决策提供反馈经验与教训.     

A dynamic modeling approach to investigate impacts to protected and low-income populations in highway planning

Environmental justice (EJ) assessment has traditionally focused on identifying distributive effects to protected populations. Federal and State highway improvement programs have been established to stimulate economic development for these populations. While this issue has long been recognized as part of EJ initiatives, no quantitative comparisons of highway construction impacts on protected populations have been reported in the literature. This paper presents a dynamic modeling approach to investigate impacts to protected and low-Income populations in highway planning using an integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs) optimization framework. Using census and county level parcel data, the model integrates various socioeconomic factors into a GIS while generating highway alignments using GAs. Examples using county level census data from North Carolina are demonstrated to test the sensitivity of generated highway alignments with constrained distances from protected populations. The results indicate that it is important to consider local social and economic effects, in addition to regional planning objectives when measuring the effectiveness of feasibility studies associated with highway construction. Within the proposed modeling framework attention is directed on various EJ initiatives, such as environmental health and safety laws in minority and low-income areas. The model would help planners, designers, and policy-makers understand the intricate interrelationships among local communities, while facilitating more scientific and economically equitable planning for highway construction projects.     

公路网规划中关于城镇化问题的思考

公路交通可以有效地引导和促进城镇化的发展,在规划公路网的时候,一定要动态的、全局的考虑城镇化的发展规律。在满足公路交通需求的同时,要尽可能减少过境交通对未来城镇市内交通的干扰,最好采用切线方式连接公路和小城镇。在规划城镇路边建筑的时候也要尽量减少对公路的干扰,建议采用平行的和纵深发展的辅路的方法连接路边建筑和公路,减少了对公路的干扰,并且有利于新城镇的规划建设。     

公路运输站场规划方案的综合评价方法

文章将层次分析法与模糊综合评价方法相结合,针对公路运输站场规划方案的综合评价,进行了多层次模糊综合评价方法的研究,阐述了该方法的原理及其在公路运输站场规划方案综合评价中的应用,证明了该方法应用的易操作性与可行性。     

公路环境影响评价在饮用水源保护中的应用探讨

文章以广西灌阳至平乐高速公路环境影响评价项目为例,介绍了该路采取的饮用水源保护方案,探讨在环境影响评价工作中如何协调公路工程建设与饮用水源保护的关系,对同类项目环境影响评价工作及公路工程设计均具有借鉴与指导作用。     

公路隧道环境影响评价中存在的问题与对策建议

公路隧道环境影响评价在预防和减缓隧道建设、运营对生态环境的影响上起着重要的作用.文章在对公路隧道环评实践过程中存在的现行法规难以完全满足环评需要、环评介入时间滞后以及其他一些环评技术问题进行分析讨论的基础上.提出了制定隧道环评专门法规、加强隧道环评监管和提高隧道环评人员素质的对策建议.     

公路噪声预测达标距离超出评价范围现象的探讨

文章根据公路项目环保竣工验收的交通噪声监测结果,通过理论值与实测值的比较,分析了典型路段交通噪声预测达标距离超出评价范围现象产生的原因,并提出了相应的解决措施及建议,为公路建设项目环境影响评价工作提供参考。     

Multi-scale robustness model for highway networks under flood events

Transportation system infrastructure often experiences severe flood-related disruptions such as overtopping, erosion, and scour. The ensuing damages can result in enormous direct and indirect economic losses to the traffic network and consequently the individuals through conditions like inaccessibility to commuters and reduction in traffic safety. Many studies have claimed that a robust transportation system could significantly prevent such consequences from natural hazards such as floods, highlighting the importance of robustness measures that could be used by decision-makers to properly manage flooded transportation system. Most available measures related to network robustness assessment are qualitative, and while some recent studies have focused on such evaluation using quantitative assessment approaches related to environmental or social-economic operations, they lack the holistic view towards robustness under flood events. This study develops a composite multi-scale transportation-system robustness model considering flood hazards by synthesizing geographical damage recognition, topological functionality analysis, network operation evaluation, and traffic-user loss estimation. This integrated model has been applied in a real-world highway network, mainly revealing that a given intensive flood occurrence at different locations may result in a variety of after-flood disruptions in the transportation network. To assist the asset owners with developing more reasonable prevention and recovery plans, the developed multi-scale robustness index presents both visible multi-denominational flood consequences and an overall post-event transportation-system robustness indicator.     

公路绿化与环保的研究分析

为推动公路建设水平,确保公路正常运营和沿线生态环境可持续发展,文章总结了公路绿化的特点和功能,从安全性、经济性、生物多样性、景观性等方面分析了公路绿化设计的原则,并探讨了公路中央分隔带、路基边坡、互通立交、服务区的绿化设计内容,从公路环保的重要性,认知公路环保的内容、功能及意义,并多方角度的加以分析和采取措施,达到预期效果,把建设和环境紧密协调统一。并对公路环保的设计理念、评价指标、评价方法及施工阶段的环保措施进行了论述。     

Alternative methods for estimating full marginal costs of highway transportation

This paper presents various methods of estimating the full marginal cost (FMC) of highway passenger transportation. First, the computation of FMC is performed using the marginal cost functions, most of which were developed by Ozbay et al. [Ozbay, K., Bartin, B., Berechman, J., 2001. Estimation and evaluation of full marginal costs of highway transportation in New Jersey. Journal of Transportation and Statistics 4 (1)]. FMC is defined and calculated as “total cost per trip” as explained in this paper. However, in multiple origin-destination and multiple route highway networks, the practical application of the network-wide FMC concept is complicated. These issues are addressed in detail in this paper. Therefore, in the second method, a multiple route based FMC approach is proposed for a given origin-destination pair in the network. It is observed that the marginal values of different paths vary as much as 28%. Third, a comparison of FMC estimation results of two distinct measurement tools is presented. The FMC estimation is performed between a selected OD pair using the static transportation planning software output (TransCAD). The same analysis is repeated using the stochastic traffic simulation software output (PARAMICS). The differences in FMC values estimated by static transportation planning software and microscopic traffic simulation software are discussed.