基于ADAMS的四轮转向汽车虚拟样机建模与动力学仿真

利用ADAMS建立了新型四轮转向汽车整车虚拟样机模型，在ADAMS／CAR中建立了四轮转向汽车（4WS）前后轮转角比例控制与横摆角速度反馈控制的关系，在此基础上对四轮转向汽车与二轮转向汽车的整车瞬态特性、稳态特性进行了对比仿真分析，对轮胎侧偏刚度对转向性能的影响进行了研究，仿真结果表明，四轮转向汽车具有低速机动灵活和高速稳定的优点。     

比例控制四轮转向车辆运动特性分析

系统地分析了二自由度四轮转向汽车模型的运动方程，得出了质心侧偏角、横摆角速度与前轮转角的传递函数。在此基础上，对四轮转向样车进行了前后轮转角成比例控制的四轮转向车辆（4WS）的运动学仿真，并针对仿真结果进行了系统的分析。结果阐明了四轮转向车辆与前轮转向车辆（2WS）相比的优势，并提出其发展方向。     

四轴全轮转向车辆操纵稳定性分析

建立了四轴全轮转向车辆的线性二自由度车辆模型,进行了理论分析和数学公式推导。以某四轴重型运输车为例,基于零质心侧偏角策略确定转向瞬心位置以及后桥转角与前桥转角的比例关系,并讨论了全轮转向对车辆稳态响应和瞬态响应的影响。     

横摆率跟踪控制的4WS汽车闭环操纵稳定性

针对主动后轮转向的4WS汽车，提出了横摆率跟踪控制方案，设计了H∞优化控制器，进行了4WS汽车在不同路面条件下的人一车闭环操纵稳定性仿真。结果表明，4WS汽车保持车辆侧滑角和横摆率稳态增益不变，降低它们的超调量、反应时间以及谐振峰值，增大系统的阻尼比，4WS汽车能够快速响应驾驶员的操纵指令，并对路面附着系数具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于七自由度车辆模型的稳定性仿真研究

为对某四轮驱动车辆在驱动工况下操纵稳定性进行研究，利用Madab软件建立了七自由度车辆动力学仿真模型，并对其在驱动工况下前轮转角阶跃输入和其相应稳态工况进行了对比分析，对其在驱动工况下前轮转角正弦输入响应情况作了描述，仿真结果表明在驱动工况下转弯能够明显增大汽车不足转向趋势，同时验证了模型的有效性，可为相关研究提供理论依据。     

横摆速度反馈控制式4WS车的开发

横摆速度反馈控制式4WS由把前轮的转角信号传至后的转向传递钢索，将前轮动力转向齿条的运动变换成钢索运动的皮带轮总成及控制后轮转向的传动装置构成。转向初期主要是转角比例项K1(V)θf起作用，通过反相转向提高转向响应性，车辆开始转弯后由横摆速度比例项支配，在控制横摆速度的同时使后轮转向，ABS与主动4WS组合在一起进行控制，不仅能确保与传统ABS同样的稳定性，而且还能缩短制动蹁，并使最小转变半径减少0．5米。     

基于非线性系统结构稳定性理论的车辆转向动力学研究

为了解车辆转向的内在特性,给车辆转向控制方法提供理论研究基础,依据非线性系统动力学结构稳定性理论,提出了车辆转向动力学分岔理论。基于车辆转向动力学分岔理论对车辆转向动力学特性进行了研究;以车辆前轮转角、车辆纵向速度及后轮转角为分岔参数,研究其对车辆质心侧偏角、横摆角速度的影响规律,得出了车辆在不同转向状态下的稳定转向区间。研究结果表明:车辆稳态转向时不发生动态Hopf分岔,而发生静态鞍结分岔;理论研究结果与车辆实际运行情况相符,非线性系统结构稳定性理论用于车辆转向动力学研究是正确、合理的。     

整车操纵动力学性能仿真与实车验证

车辆操纵性的准确预测对评价车辆的动力学性能至关重要,通过动力学分析软件Adams/Chassis预测了车辆的操纵性并进行了实车验证.建立的车辆模型考虑了弹性元件,转向摩擦力和阻尼的影响.对4种代表操纵特性的行驶工况进行了仿真试验:稳态回转,正弦转向,斜坡脉冲转向和阶跃转向.实车验证时的相关度分析中不仅包含了方向盘转角,转向力矩,整车侧向加速度、侧偏角、侧倾角,同时包含了侧倾角梯度.和最终的实测数据对比后,仿真数据和实测数据的相关性很好,结果表明Adams/Chassis仿真软件可以对车辆操纵特性进行准确的预测,同时此种方法可以用在车辆早期的概念设计阶段动力学性能开发和随后的调试阶段.     

汽车AFS前照灯转角动力学建模及仿真分析

结合线性2自由度车辆动力学模型建立了车辆转向时的AFS数学模型.在Matlab/Simulink中建立了该数学模型的系统仿真模块,得到3组不同变量(不同车速、前轮转角和道路转弯半径)下的前照灯转角变化曲线.仿真结果表明,车辆动力学因素在汽车转向过程中对前照灯转角有一定影响;基于车辆动力学的AFS能够有效提高驾驶员可视范围,使车辆驾驶更加安全可靠.     

基于线控转向的智能驾驶车辆路径跟踪研究

针对搭载线控转向系统的智能驾驶车辆路径跟踪问题,基于汽车动力学仿真软件分析车辆转向特性,推导出横摆角速度对转向盘转角的稳态增益曲线,并获得了仿真稳态增益与理论稳态增益之间的修正系数,以此搭建单点预瞄模型和变角传动比线控转向系统模型。通过预瞄式横向运动控制与线控转向变角传动比控制相结合的方式,完成智能驾驶车辆路径跟踪控制策略的设计,并与搭载固定角传动比线控转向系统的智能驾驶车辆进行仿真对比验证。仿真结果表明,所设计的路径跟踪控制方法具有更高的跟踪精度和行驶稳定性。     

四轮转向汽车自适应模型跟踪控制研究

使用单点预瞄驾驶员模型，针对确定性汽车模型探讨了４ＷＳ汽车在单移线行驶过程中后轮的最优转向控制规律。通过引入状态反馈，改善了整车的转向特性，将实际汽车的前后轮胎侧刚度及外界干扰视为有界的不确定性参数，采用自适应模型跟踪变结构控制方法，使得不确定的实际汽车模型能够很好地跟踪确定的最优理论模型，仿真结果表明该方法的可行性，控制系统能够有效地克服参数摄动及外界干扰对系统稳定性的影响。     

Automatic path-tracking controller of a four-wheel steering vehicle

The present paper proposes an automatic path-tracking controller of a four-wheel steering (4WS) vehicle based on the sliding mode control theory. The controller has an advantage in that the front- and rear-wheel steering can be decoupled at the front and rear control points, which are defined as centres of percussion with respect to the rear and front wheels, respectively. Numerical simulations using a 27-degree-of-freedom vehicle model demonstrated the following characteristics: (1) the automatic 4WS controller has a more stable and more precise path-tracking capability than the 2WS controller, and (2) the automatic 4WS controller has robust stability against system uncertainties such as cornering power perturbation, path radius fluctuation, and cross-wind disturbance.     

Effect of the Controller Parameters on the Steerability of the Four Wheel Steered Car

The four-wheel-steering systems of the cars are becoming more and more wide-spread. In addition to the conventional 4WS systems (e.g. the steering-wheel-angle dependent four-wheel-steering and the speed dependent 4WS) there already exist some so called active 4WS systems. The front wheels and rear wheels are steered autonomously by the feedback compensation and in this manner the behaviour of the car during high-speed turning manoeuvre and under the side wind gust is improved. But what happens if some of the parameters of the car are changed? In the present paper, the author will analyze the system's response when the internal tyre pressure in the rear wheels is lower than the normal. Due to this the under-steered car becomes over-steered and the question is whether the control system is able to stabilize the motion of the vehicle.     

三轴汽车前后轮角输入时的响应特性

本文详细推导了三轴汽车线性二自由度模型的运动微分方程，分析了汽车对前后轮角输入时的移居记响应特性。从汽车动力学的角度讨论了前后轮转应具备的比例关系。该方法同样适用于其它多轴汽车的建模分析。     

Independent Suspension, Self Steered Axle, and 4WS for Busses

The dynamic behavior of commercial vehicles fitted with differentr types of suspension mechanisms and steering devices is investigated in this paper. Six vehicle models have been constructed: 2WS-SA is a standard two wheel steering bus with solid axles; 2WS-DW is a 2WSA vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in front and rear axles; SSA-SA is a 2WS system with solid axles, the rear one being mounted on a self steered mechanism; SSA-DW is a vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in the front axle, and a solid self steered rear axle; 4WS-SA has four wheel steering with solid axles; and 4WS-DW is a 4WS vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in front and rear axles. The dynamic response of these models has been assessed in terms of lateral acceleration, yaw velocity, tire forces, tire force reserves, and slip angles. The expected advantages of a 4WS system (higher acceleration rates and lower slip angles) will be corroborated but, at the same time, it will be shown that they are obtained at the cost of lower force reserves. Self steered mechanisms produce smaller body slip angles, but it will be shown that they give rise to larger yaw velocity overshootings. The particular independent suspension analyzed does not show significant improvements with respect to the solid axle counterpart.     

A Pitch-Plane Model of a Vehicle with Controlled Suspension

A vehicle model incorporating front and rear wheel suspensions and seat suspension is presented. The suspension control includes algorithms to provide both dynamic and steady state (levelling) control. Vehicle response to (a) vertical inputs due to ground disturbances at the wheels and (b) longitudinal inputs due to the inertial forces during braking and accelerating, are investigated. It is shown that the static (self-levelling) control causes a slight deterioration in dynamic performance. The active ride control produces improvements of ride comfort under dynamic conditions compared to an equivalent passively suspended vehicle. In steady state the proposed control eliminates the error heave of the body caused by tilting of the vehicle with active suspension.     

四轮转向车辆多体仿真与试验研究

以四轮转向原理样车为对象,运用多体动力学理论对四轮转向车辆的转向特性进行了计算机仿真研究和试验验证。对建立整车多体模型的方法进行了论述。通过对仿真数据与样车试验结果的对比分析,证明了四轮转向多体模型各类参数和控制方法的正确性和适用性。最后利用建立的整车多体模型,仿真分析了前后悬架刚度对操纵稳定性的影响,以及制动转向时的转向响应特性。     

Nähere Untersuchungen zur stationären Kurvenfahrt von Einspurfahrzeugen

Detailed Investigations of the Steady State Turning of Single Track Vehicles

In the paper the steady state turning of single track vehicles on a horizontal, even road is investigated, supposing the air to be at rest. The vehicle model used has six degrees of freedom: rolling, yawing, pitching and bouncing of the vehicle, rotation of the front wheel system (steering) relatively to the main frame and distortion of the rear wheel system due to limited stiffness of its linkage, and also takes into account wind drag and gyroscopic effects generated by wheels and other vehicle components. A special importance is given to the geometry of the vehicle

The results show a comparison of two types of motorcycles with different geometries and tires. To characterize the vehicle behaviour the roll, side slip and steering angle as functions of the normal acceleration are used. A more detailed study in respect to the steering torque is added.     

四轮转向汽车虚拟样机闭环控制操纵动力学仿真

运用ADAMS软件建立了新型四轮转向(4WS)汽车整车虚拟样机模型,利用该模型对比了基于横摆角速度多状态最优控制的4WS汽车同前轮转向(FWS)汽车及其它不同控制算法的阴轮转向汽车(后轮比例于前轮转角算法及后轮转角比例于横摆角速度算法)的操纵稳定性。仿真结果表明,基于横摆角速度多状态最优控制的4WS汽车,其各项评价指标优于FWS汽车以及采用另外两种控制方法的4WS汽车。     

Effect of Traction Force Distribution Control on Vehicle Dynamics

The purpose of this study is to clarify vehicle dynamics effected by traction force distribution, not only between the front and rear wheels but also between the left and right wheels. Contribution of traction force distribution to vehicle turning performance was investigated using a mathematical simulation and an experimental vehicle. The results indicates that the control of traction control distribution between the left and right wheels greatly influences vehicle turning characteristics and improve the performance even in a marginal turning condition.