公路施工对环境影响及工程环保监理探讨

公路建设对社会经济发展的促进作用是不容致疑的,但同时对环境也造成了巨大影响。文章论述了公路建设以及公路运营对环境的影响和破坏,施工前期工作、施工进度、施工阶段是导致环境影响受到干扰的主要因素,因此工程环保监理工作要从这三点出发进行控制。在此基础上,作者结合多年的实际工程经验,从公路工程建影响环境破坏的内容进行阐述,提出了为改善公路环境采取的防治措施,以期望能促进公路建设的发展及实现生态和谐的目标。     

地铁工程安全控制

由于地铁工程对环境的安全和结构有很大的影响,因此,地铁工程的安全控制应是工程建设的重中之重。鉴于此,简要介绍了影响地铁工程安全的因素,并重点从设计、施工方面阐述了地铁工程的安全控制策略。     

浅谈航道整治对河流生态的影响及对策

本文具体分析了航道整治工程对于河流生态的影响,包括河流水环境、生物环境,以及疏浚和疏浚土处理对于生态环境的影响等,提出了施工前的规划设计、施工过程中的动态监测、新型生态技术的使用以及施工后的生态补偿等措施,以最大限度来降低航道整治工程对河流生态的影响.     

高原地区公路工程施工中机械的合理选用

通过高原环境对工程机械性能的影响因素和高原型工程机械发展现状的分析,提出在高原环境下优先选用高原型工程机械,从而达到改善操作环境和"节能减排"的效果.     

考虑环保要求的道路工程设计方法与要点研究

本文通过从道路工程建设对土地环境、水资源、生态环境和社会环境的影响入手,结合道路工程设计中的环保理念,针对道路工程的具体设计如道路线形设计、排水设计和边坡设计等,提出了相应设计方法和要点。     

桥梁灌注桩施工对环境的影响及防治对策

桥梁的灌注施工对于工程质量的影响巨大,同时对环境造成了重大的影响,施工过程中,应该根据工程实际情况,选择最佳的施工方案和措施,以获得最高的经济效益。文章主要从灌注桩对环境造成的影响、以及解决对策进行分析,希望通过研究分析能提高桥梁施工质量。     

高速公路建设与环境保护的协调发展

高速公路建设拉动了社会经济的发展,然而大规模的社会工程必定会对环境产生影响,应引起足够的重视.高速公路对环境的影响主要表现为对社会经济的影响、对生态环境的影响、对大气环境的影响、对声音环境的影响、对自然景观的影响等.在以上几个方面的影响当中,高速公路除了对社会经济环境有所贡献之外,如果采取措施不当,会对其他几个方面造成严重的后果.     

路桥工程钢板桩围堰施工技术研究

路桥工程中应用钢板桩围堰施工技术,可以为水下基础施工部分提供干燥、封闭的施工环境,有助于水下施工作业,降低工程建设对环境的影响。围绕路桥工程钢板桩围堰施工展开论述,以钢板桩围堰的内容为切入点,分析钢板桩围堰的施工特点,详细探讨路桥工程钢板桩围堰施工的技术要点,以此为相关从业人员提供参考。     

敏感环境下明挖隧道设计方案研究

穿越城市等敏感环境的明挖隧道是一项风险高、难度大的系统工程,需要在充分掌握地质资料、全面分析对周边建(构)筑物影响的基础上,制定出合理的围护结构支护体系和加固工程措施。文章以南宁-崇左城际铁路项目留村工程明挖段为例,通过分析研究地质资料和周边建(构)筑物关系,系统性地介绍了敏感环境下选用围护结构支护体系和加固工程措施的方法和过程,为类似工程建设提供参考。     

国际公路工程承包的系统性风险及防范对策

随着经济全球进程的深化,国际工程承包市场具有进一步发展的具大潜力.国际工程承包受工程所在国的政治局势、经济形势、国际关系、政策法律规定以及建设环境等因素的影响,同国内工程承包相比,风险要大得多.针对此情况,就国际工程承包所面临的主要风险,对国际工程承包风险的防范对策作了初步探讨.     

某公路施工期环境影响评价与防治

文童从生态环境、声环境、水环境等方面出发,分析了某公路建设对环境所造成的各种影响,提出了相应的防治措施和对策,为公路施工项目的环境评价及防治提供参考。     

连云港北固山隧道结构耐久性设计

连云港北固山隧道出口滨临海港,所处环境极为复杂,隧道结构耐久性问题突出。文章针对各种不同环境下隧道结构耐久性设计进行了较为全面的分析,分别介绍了初期支护、二次衬砌混凝土材料的耐久性要求和设计标准,以及海洋氯化物环境下的结构耐久性检验。     

The objective versus the perceived environment: what matters for bicycling?

This paper examines the relationship between the objectively measured and perceived built environment, and the relative strength of their association with bicycling behavior. By drawing on socio-cognitive theory, a conceptual model was proposed to explain the relationships between the objective environment, perceived environment, and bicycling behavior. Objective and perceived bike environments were measured using two latent constructs and structural equation modeling was employed to estimate the models based on data from three neighborhoods in Portland, Oregon. Results of this study showed that the perception of the environment had a direct and significant effect on bicycling behavior, while the direct effect of the objective environment on bicycling behavior became insignificant when controlling for perception. We therefore concluded that the objective environment may only indirectly affect bicycling behavior by influencing perceptions. An objectively good environment for bicycling was necessary but not sufficient for bicycling. Intervention programs to improve people’s perceptions of the environment may be necessary to reap the full potential of planning and design policies.     

山西省高速公路水环境污染及其防治措施探讨

文章分析了高速公路在建设和运营过程中对地表或地下水环境的影响,并相应的提出了高速公路建设期和运营期水环境污染防治措施,为山西省高速公路水环境安全相关研究的进一步发展和完善提供参考和借鉴。     

Connectivity’s impact on mandatory lane-changing behaviour: Evidences from a driving simulator study

The connected environment provides driving aids to help drivers making efficient and safe driving decisions. The literature to date is devoid of conclusive evidences of the connected environment’s impact on drivers’ mandatory lane-changing (MLC) behaviour. As such, the objective of this study is to examine MLC behaviour through a driving simulator experiment using the CARRS-Q Advanced Driving Simulator. Participants with diverse background performed the experiment in randomised driving conditions: baseline (without the driving aids), connected environment with perfect communication, and connected environment with communication delay. Repeated measure ANOVA in the form of linear mixed model and Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) are employed to analyse various driving performance indicators during MLC event. We find that drivers in the connected environment tend to wait longer, increase the initial speed, and maintain a larger spacing, compared to when they are driving in the baseline condition. In addition, drivers in the connected environment are likely to reject fewer number of gaps and select relatively bigger gap sizes. Furthermore, post-encroachment time (PET) in the connected environment is higher across different gap sizes, indicating that the connected environment makes MLC safer. The GEE model on gap acceptance suggests that the perfect communication and communication delay has positive and negative impact on the accepted gap size, respectively, and the GEE model on lane-change duration indicates that lane-change duration tends to increase in the connected environment.     

Assessing the impact of the built environment on travel behavior: a case study of Buffalo,New York

Assessing the impact of characteristics of the built environment on travel behavior can yield valuable tools for land use and transportation planning. Of particular interest are planning models that can estimate the effects of ‘smart growth’ planning. In this paper, a post-processor method of quantifying and searching for relationships among many aspects of travel behavior and the built environment is developed and applied to the Buffalo, NY area. A wide scope of travel behavior is examined, and over 50 variables, many of which are based on high-detail data sources, are examined for potentially quantifying the built environment. Linear modeling is then used to relate travel behavior and the built environment, and the resulting models may be applied in a post-processor fashion to travel models to provide some measure of sensitivity to built environment modifications. The study’s findings demonstrate that mode choice is highly correlated to measures of the built environment, and that many of the principles of smart growth appear to be a valid way to encourage non-vehicle travel. Home-based VHT and VMT appear to be affected by the built environment to a lesser degree.     

福宁高速公路声环境探讨

通过对福建省福鼎宁德段高速公路声环境现状的调查研究,采用类比分析的方法,确定其沿线所要保护的声环境敏感点,合理科学预测交通噪声对声环境的影响,提出减轻噪声污染的若干措施。     

Travel and the social environment: Evidence from Alameda County,California

The relationship between travel and the environment has been the subject of much study but the focus has mainly been on the physical and built environment. This ignores a large body of research in sociology showing that social processes are spatially embedded and affect individual behavior. This analysis asks whether the neighborhood social environment – in addition to the built environment – influences children’s decision to walk to school in Alameda County, California. The results show that social factors, particularly neighborhood cohesion, do influence the decision to walk particularly when children face trips of less than 1.6 km. These findings provide initial evidence for transportation analysts to broaden their definition of the environment to include social factors.     

Does the pedestrian environment affect the utility of walking? A case of path choice in downtown Boston

There is a lack of consensus as to whether the relationship between the built environment and travel is causal and, if it is, the extent of this causality. This problem is largely caused by inappropriate research designs adopted in many studies. This paper proposes a new method (based on path choice) to investigate the causal effect of the pedestrian environment on the utility of walking. Specifically, the paper examines how the pedestrian environment affects subway commuters’ egress path choice from a station to their workplaces in downtown Boston. The path-based measure is sensitive enough to capture minor differences in the environment experienced by pedestrians. More importantly, path choice is less likely to correlate with job and housing location choices, and therefore largely avoids the self-selection problem. The results suggest that the pedestrian environment can significantly affect a person’s walking experience and the utility of walking along a path.     

Built environment,travel behavior,and residential self-selection: a study based on panel data from Beijing,China

The influence of the built environment on travel behavior has been the subject of considerable research attention in recent decades. Scholars have debated the role of residential self-selection in explaining the associations between the built environment and travel behavior. The purpose of this study is to make a contribution to the literature by adopting the cross-lagged panel modeling approach to analyze a panel data, which scholars have recommended as the ideal design for studying the influence of the built environment on travel behavior accounting for the residential self-selection. To that objective, we collected activity-travel diary data from a sample of 229 households in Beijing before and after they moved from one residential location to another. We developed a two-wave structural equation model linking the residential built environment to travel behavior and taking into consideration travel-related attitudes before and after residential change. The modeling results show that individuals’ travel attitudes may change after a home relocation. We found no evidence of residential self-selection, but significant influence of the built environment on travel preference. Nevertheless, the direct influence of travel preference on travel behavior seems to be stronger than that of the built environment. As one of the very few studies to use panel data, this research presents new insights into the relationship between the built environment and travel behavior and the role of residential self-selection.