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1.
Over the past few years, GPS has been used in a number of surveys in the US to assess the accuracy of household travel surveys.
The results have been somewhat alarming in that most of these exercises have shown that the standard trip-based CATI survey
conducted in the US under-reports travel by about 20–25%. It was decided to use GPS to assess the accuracy of the Sydney Household
Travel Survey, a continuous survey conducted by face-to-face interviewing. The procedure used was for the interviewers to
recruit households for the household travel survey in the normal manner, and then, if the household met certain criteria,
to endeavour to recruit the household to also undertake a GPS survey. A small sample of about 50 households was obtained,
and GPS devices successfully retrieved that measured data on the same day as the travel diary was completed. In addition,
participants in the GPS survey completed a prompted recall survey a week or two later, using maps and tabulations of travel
obtained from the GPS devices, to identify mode, purpose and occupancy for trips measured by the GPS, and also to check for
accuracy in defining trip ends and total number of trips. Based on the analysis of the GPS compared to the diary results,
it was found that respondents under-reported their travel by about 7%, which is much less than in the US CATI results. Respondents
were also found to under-report travel distances and over-report travel times. There was also a high incidence of non-reporting
for VKT.
相似文献
Peter StopherEmail: |
2.
Mintesnot G. Woldeamanuel Rita Cyganski Angelika Schulz Andreas Justen 《Transportation》2009,36(4):371-387
For economic and environmental policy formulation and with the effort of creating less car dependent societies, it is important
to study the changing characteristics of car ownership in a household through time as well as factors responsible of these
variations. There is a vast body of literature on empirical studies of car ownership and use. These studies have investigated
the socio-economic background of the decision maker, the built environment and the perception associated with owning a car
as determinant factors of car ownership and use. In most cases, these analyses have been carried out using cross-sectional
data sets. However, the analysis of factors determining changes in travel behavior of an individual or household requires
information on their behavior over time (longitudinal data set). In this study, the German Mobility Panel (1996–2006) is used
to examine variation of car ownership through time and across households. The panel data modeling results showed that there
are variations of car ownership between households whereas changes in car ownership of a given household over time (within
household variations) are insignificant. The influence of other factors such as the households’ socio-economic background,
the availability of public transportation and shopping/leisure facilities, perception on parking difficulties and satisfaction
with existing public transportation services on the car owning characteristics of households is also presented and discussed
in this paper.
相似文献
Andreas JustenEmail: |
3.
Singapore motorisation restraint and its implications on travel behaviour and urban sustainability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Piotr S. Olszewski 《Transportation》2007,34(3):319-335
The example of Singapore shows that rapid urban and economic growth does not have to bring traffic congestion and pollution.
Singapore has chosen to restrain car traffic demand due to its limited land supply. Transport policy based on balanced development
of road and transit infrastructure and restraint of traffic has been consistently implemented for the past 30 years. Combined
with land use planning, it resulted in a modern transport system, which is free from major congestion and provides users with
different travel alternatives. As the economic growth caused a substantial increase in demand for cars, several pricing policies
were introduced with the aim of restraining car ownership and usage. Growth of the vehicle population is now controlled and
potentially congested roads are subject to road pricing. These measures help to keep the roads free from major congestion,
maintain car share of work trips below 25% and keep the transport energy usage low. Although Singapore conditions are in many
aspects unique, its travel demand experience can provide useful lessons for other rapidly growing cities in Asia.
相似文献
Piotr S. OlszewskiEmail: |
4.
What neighborhood are you in? Empirical findings of relationships between household travel and neighborhood characteristics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In recent years, there have been studies of the influence of neighborhood or built environment characteristics on residential
location choice and household travel behavior. Interestingly, there is no uniform definition of neighborhood in the literature
and the definition is often vague. This paper presents an alternative way of defining neighborhood and neighborhood type,
which involves innovative usage of public data sources. Furthermore, the paper investigates the interaction between neighborhood
environment and household travel in the US. A neighborhood here is spatially identical to a census tract. A neighborhood type
identifies a group of neighborhoods with similar neighborhood socio-economic, demographic, and land use characteristics. This
is accomplished by performing log-likelihood clustering on the Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) 2000 data. Five
household travel measures, i.e., number of trips per household, mode share, average travel distance and time per trip, and
vehicle miles of travel (VMT), are then compared across the resulting 10 neighborhood types, using the 2001 National Household
Travel Survey (NHTS) household and trip files. It is found that household life cycle status and residential location are not
independent. Transit availability at place of residence tends to increase the transit mode share regardless of household automobile
ownership and income level, and job-housing trade-offs are evident when mobility is not of concern. The study also reveals
racial preference in residential location and contrasting travel characteristics among ethnic groups.
Dr. Jie Lin (Jane) is an assistant professor in Department of Civil and Materials Engineering and a researcher with the Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at University of Illinois at Chicago. Her research is focused on transportation demand analysis, data mining, and transportation sustainability in private, freight, and public transportation systems. Dr. Liang Long received a Doctorate degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Illinois at Chicago and a Master’s degree in Civil Engineering (Transportation Engineering) from Tongji University. She is currently with Cambridge Systematics as a transportation modeler with expertise in travel demand forecasting, geographic information systems (GIS) and market research. 相似文献
Liang LongEmail: |
Dr. Jie Lin (Jane) is an assistant professor in Department of Civil and Materials Engineering and a researcher with the Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at University of Illinois at Chicago. Her research is focused on transportation demand analysis, data mining, and transportation sustainability in private, freight, and public transportation systems. Dr. Liang Long received a Doctorate degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Illinois at Chicago and a Master’s degree in Civil Engineering (Transportation Engineering) from Tongji University. She is currently with Cambridge Systematics as a transportation modeler with expertise in travel demand forecasting, geographic information systems (GIS) and market research. 相似文献
5.
Modeling residential sorting effects to understand the impact of the built environment on commute mode choice 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
Abdul Rawoof Pinjari Ram M. Pendyala Chandra R. Bhat Paul A. Waddell 《Transportation》2007,34(5):557-573
This paper presents an examination of the significance of residential sorting or self selection effects in understanding the
impacts of the built environment on travel choices. Land use and transportation system attributes are often treated as exogenous
variables in models of travel behavior. Such models ignore the potential self selection processes that may be at play wherein
households and individuals choose to locate in areas or built environments that are consistent with their lifestyle and transportation
preferences, attitudes, and values. In this paper, a simultaneous model of residential location choice and commute mode choice
that accounts for both observed and unobserved taste variations that may contribute to residential self selection is estimated
on a survey sample extracted from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area household travel survey. Model results show that both observed
and unobserved residential self selection effects do exist; however, even after accounting for these effects, it is found
that built environment attributes can indeed significantly impact commute mode choice behavior. The paper concludes with a
discussion of the implications of the model findings for policy planning.
相似文献
Paul A. WaddellEmail: |
6.
This paper presents a detailed exploratory analysis of joint activity participation characteristics using the American Time
Use Survey (ATUS). As a very large nationwide survey that explicitly elicited information on both household and non-household
companions for each activity episode, the ATUS is ideally suited for this analysis. Several intuitive and interesting results
are obtained. Joint episodes are found to be of longer durations, significantly likely to take place at the residence of other
people, and often confined to certain time periods of the weekday. In addition, important differences in these characteristics
are also observed based on activity purpose, companion type, and the day of the week. These findings are intended to provide
the basis for the justification of detailed collection of joint activity–travel participation information in household activity–travel
surveys, and also as a stimulant for further empirical analysis and modeling of joint activity participation behavior.
相似文献
Chandra R. BhatEmail: |
7.
In auto-oriented communities, access to an automobile is essential for good mobility, but not everyone owns a car or is able
to drive. Little is known about how individuals in these circumstances might still use vehicles for transportation. To provide
insight on the nature of vehicle use by those with potentially limited vehicle access, we present qualitative findings from
focus groups with recent Mexican immigrants living in California, half of whom owned no cars. Our results demonstrate varying
degrees of participants’ access to vehicle travel not always corresponding to auto ownership, with extensive sharing of cars,
borrowing of cars, and getting rides. We describe the different dimensions of vehicle access that participants experienced
and identify specific factors that seemed to influence their access levels. We discuss the implications of our findings for
transportation policy and future research.
相似文献
Susan HandyEmail: |
8.
Residential location,vehicle ownership and travel in Asia: a comparative analysis of Kei-Han-Shin and Kuala Lumpur metropolitan areas 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The study examines the relationships between residential location, vehicle ownership and mobility in two metropolitan areas
of Asia, Kei-Han-Shin area of Japan and Kuala Lumpur area of Malaysia. It shows that, behind apparent similarities of household
auto ownership and travel time expenditure per household member, there are many causal relationships that are distinct between
the areas. The similarities and differences between the two areas point to the conjecture that the evolution of a metropolitan
area may be unique and path dependent, being heavily influenced by the history and culture of the locale, spatial and geographical
constraints, and historical progression in infrastructure development.
Metin Senbil is an Associate Professor in City and Regional Planning Department at Gazi University in Ankara, Turkey. He obtained the degree of Doctor of Engineering from Kyoto University, Japan. His research interests cover different aspects of urban travel demand and its interactions with telecommunications, land use, and policies directed at controlling as well as managing travel demand. Ryuichi Kitamura is Professor of Civil Engineering Systems at Kyoto University, Japan. His past research effort spans in the area of travel behavior analysis and demand forecasting, in particular in activity-based analysis, and panel surveys and dynamic analysis of travel behavior. He is associate editor of Transportation. Dr Jamilah Mohamad is Professor and Head of the Department of Geography, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Her main fields of research interest are travel behavior, the relationship between transport and spatial development and urban growth management. 相似文献
Jamilah MohamadEmail: |
Metin Senbil is an Associate Professor in City and Regional Planning Department at Gazi University in Ankara, Turkey. He obtained the degree of Doctor of Engineering from Kyoto University, Japan. His research interests cover different aspects of urban travel demand and its interactions with telecommunications, land use, and policies directed at controlling as well as managing travel demand. Ryuichi Kitamura is Professor of Civil Engineering Systems at Kyoto University, Japan. His past research effort spans in the area of travel behavior analysis and demand forecasting, in particular in activity-based analysis, and panel surveys and dynamic analysis of travel behavior. He is associate editor of Transportation. Dr Jamilah Mohamad is Professor and Head of the Department of Geography, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Her main fields of research interest are travel behavior, the relationship between transport and spatial development and urban growth management. 相似文献
9.
The impact of urban form on automobile travel: disentangling causation from correlation 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
A longstanding question within the field of transportation demand management is the strength of the relationship between urban
form and mobility behavior. Although several studies have identified a strong correlation between these variables, there is
as yet scant evidence to support policy interventions that target land use as a means of influencing travel. To the contrary,
some of the more recent research has cast skepticism on the proposition that the relationship is causative, recognizing the
possibility that households endogenously self-select themselves into communities that support their preferences for particular
transportation modes. Focusing on individual automobile travel, the present study seeks to contribute to this line of inquiry
by estimating econometric models on a panel of travel-diary data collected in Germany between 1996 and 2003. Specifically,
we employ the two-part model (2PM)—a procedure involving probit and OLS estimators—to assess the determinants of the discrete
decision to use the car and the continuous decision of distance traveled. Beyond modeling variables that capture the urban
form features that are commonly suggested to influence mobility behavior, including mixed use and public transit, this study
employs instrumental variables to control for potential endogeneity emerging from the simultaneity of residential and mode
choices. Unlike much of the work to date, our results suggest that urban form has a causative impact on car use, a finding
that is robust to alternative econometric specifications.
相似文献
Ralf HedelEmail: |
10.
This paper analyzes transportation mode choice for short home-based trips using a 1999 activity survey from the Puget Sound
region of Washington State, U.S.A. Short trips are defined as those within the 95th percentile walking distance in the data,
here 1.40 miles (2.25 km). The mean walking distance was 0.4 miles (0.6 km). The mode distribution was automobile (75%), walk
(23%), bicycle (1%), and bus (1%). Walk and bicycle are found less likely as the individual’s age increases. People are more
likely to drive if they can or are accustomed to. People in multi-person families are less likely to walk or use bus, especially
families with children. An environment that attracts people’s interest and provides activity opportunities encourages people
to walk on short trips. Influencing people’s choice of transport mode on short trips should be an important part of efforts
encouraging the use of non-automobile alternatives.
相似文献
Gudmundur F. UlfarssonEmail: |
11.
Due to a variety of reasons, the previous century is characterized by an extraordinary growth in car use that has continued
into the current century. This has resulted in serious environmental repercussions. Despite technological advancements, the
externalities remain an ecological threat that can not be discarded by policy makers. Therefore, it is essential that policy
makers focus on reducing car use and on stimulating the shift towards more environment-friendly transport modes. In this study,
Q-methodology is adopted as the technique to segment people, and to ascertain which approaches and determinants matter to
medium distance travel. Segmentation is important, as policy measures will be more efficient and effective if they are fine-tuned
on specific target groups. The analysis revealed that four discourses preponderate the paradigm of environmentally sustainable
transport: travelers who use public transport as a dominant alternative, car-dependent travelers, travelers with a positive
perception of using public transport, and travelers with a preference for car use. Concerning rational, economic motives,
individuals evaluate travel time reliability as most important. To increase the reliability policy makers should consider
the use of separate bus lanes and traffic light manipulation. In addition, public transport can be made even more attractive,
when costs of cars are made more variable by road or congestion charging. When the s motives are discussed, the differences
between the different groups of travelers were more pronounced. Next to increasing the benefits of using public transport,
policy makers should also pay attention to removing psycho-social barriers.
相似文献
Mario CoolsEmail: |
12.
Analysis of household activity scheduling has to date been limited to one-day periods. This paper extends the study of household
task allocation to a one-week period. Using a one-week time use survey held under couples in The Netherlands in 2003, the
paper proposes indicators for measuring task allocation on a daily and weekly scale and investigates to what extent role expectations,
work status and indicators of time pressure influence task allocation patterns. The outcomes suggest that egalitarian role
expectations and higher female work status lead to a more balanced allocation of work and households tasks between spouses.
More traditional role views and increased time pressure lead to more specialisation and inequality between spouses. Interestingly,
households under time pressure apply day-to-day specialisation to arrive at balanced weekly allocation totals.
相似文献
Tanja van der LippeEmail: |
13.
Despite widespread growth in on-road public transport priority schemes, road management authorities have few tools to evaluate
the impacts of these schemes on all road users. This paper describes a methodology developed in Melbourne, Australia to assist
the road management authority, VicRoads, evaluate trade-offs in the use of its limited road-space for new bus and tram priority
projects. The approach employs traffic micro-simulation modelling to assess road-space re-allocation impacts, travel behaviour
modelling to assess changes in travel patterns and a social cost benefit framework to evaluate impacts. The evaluation considers
a comprehensive range of impacts including the environmental benefits of improved public transport services. Impacts on public
transport reliability improvements are also considered. Although improved bus and tram reliability is a major rationale for
traffic priority its use in previous evaluations is rare. The paper critiques previous approaches, describes the proposed
method and explores some of the results found in its application. A major finding is that despite a more comprehensive approach
to measuring the benefits of bus and tram priority, road-space reallocation is difficult to economically justify in road networks
where public transport usage is low and car usage high. Strategies involving the balanced deployment of bus and tram priority
measures where the allocation of time and space to PT minimises negative traffic impacts is shown to improve the overall management
of road-space. A discussion of the approach is also provided including suggestions for further methodology development.
相似文献
Bill YoungEmail: |
14.
An integrated spatio-temporal GIS toolkit for exploring intra-household interactions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper reports on the development of an integrated spatio-temporal GIS toolkit that facilitates the exploration of intra-household
interactions. Two tools comprise the toolkit. The first tool, Space-Time Coincidence Analyst, identifies joint activity/travel episodes undertaken by household members. The core of this tool is a set of flexible criteria
for classifying episodes as either joint or independent. The second tool, Space-Time Path Visualizer, not only displays space-time paths for household members, but also shows joint episodes undertaken by any two household
members together. The toolkit can be applied to any household-based, activity/travel data set so long as required information
is specified by the user. To demonstrate its usefulness for research, the toolkit is applied to the TAPS (Toronto Activity
Panel Survey) 2002–03 data set. The results suggest that considerable variation exists in the number of joint activity/travel
episodes identified using different classification criteria. Specifically, when using restrictive criteria (i.e., same timing,
specific activity type/travel mode), only 2,265 joint activity/travel episodes are identified compared to 8,791 when using
more flexible criteria. In turn, our results show that certain key attributes for independent and joint activity/travel episodes
(i.e., frequency per household, starting time, ending time and duration) also vary under the different classification criteria.
Hejun Kang is a PhD candidate in the School of Geography and Earth Sciences at McMaster University. She holds a MSc degree in Geographic Information Science from the University of Calgary. Her doctoral research concerns intra-household interactions in the context of activity/travel behavior. Darren M. Scott is an Associate Professor of Geography at McMaster University. His current research centers on inter-agent decision making with regards to activity/travel behavior, and on issues concerning aggregation in activity-based travel demand models, most notably the treatment of space and the classification of activities. 相似文献
Darren M. ScottEmail: |
Hejun Kang is a PhD candidate in the School of Geography and Earth Sciences at McMaster University. She holds a MSc degree in Geographic Information Science from the University of Calgary. Her doctoral research concerns intra-household interactions in the context of activity/travel behavior. Darren M. Scott is an Associate Professor of Geography at McMaster University. His current research centers on inter-agent decision making with regards to activity/travel behavior, and on issues concerning aggregation in activity-based travel demand models, most notably the treatment of space and the classification of activities. 相似文献
15.
This contribution presents theoretical considerations concerning the connections between life situation, lifestyle, choice
of residential location and travel behaviour, as well as empirical results of structural equation models. The analyses are
based on data resulting from a survey in seven study areas in the region of Cologne. The results indicate that lifestyles
influence mode choice, although slightly, even when life situation is controlled for. The influence of life situation on mode
choice exceeds the influence of lifestyle. The influence that lifestyle, and in part also life situation, has on mode choice
is primarily mediated by specific location attitudes and location decisions that influence mode choice, respectively. Here
objective spatial conditions as well as subjective location attitudes are important.
相似文献
Joachim ScheinerEmail: |
16.
Galit Cohen-Blankshtain 《Transportation》2008,35(3):411-424
Transportation analysis emphasizes the necessity to internalize the transport externalities of car usage through taxation.
Yet taxation decisions are often made with non-transport goals in mind. In such cases, transport policies are made ‘by the
way.’ This paper examines such a case: Israel’s taxation policy on company cars. It shows that current taxation policies result
in increasing numbers of company cars and growing numbers of transport users who are not sensitive to the marginal cost of
car use and make excessive use of the car. As a result, a significant portion of Travel Demand Management (TDM) measures cannot
affect this group. The Israeli case of company car tax reform demonstrates the problematic effect of a policy that does not
take its overall consequences on other policy fields into account and thereby impairs efforts to reduce the negative impacts
of the transport system. Also, it demonstrates the importance of institutional aspects of transport policymaking.
Cohen-Blankshtain is a lecturer at the department of Geography and School of Public Policy at the Hebrew University. Her research interests include urban policy, transport and ICT policy and participation process in public policy. 相似文献
Galit Cohen-BlankshtainEmail: |
Cohen-Blankshtain is a lecturer at the department of Geography and School of Public Policy at the Hebrew University. Her research interests include urban policy, transport and ICT policy and participation process in public policy. 相似文献
17.
The influence of built environment to the trends in commuting journeys in the Netherlands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper we describe commuting trends in the Netherlands in the past decade and examine the influence of urban form and
travel accessibility on commuting journeys over time on the basis of data from the Dutch National Travel Survey. Exploratory
analysis is performed to identify changes in commuting participation, departure time, commuting time, commuting distance and
the modal split. Regression analysis and choice models are used to examine the influence of the built environment on commuting
parameters over time. The results indicate that urban form has consistently influenced the parameters of commuting journey
in the Netherlands in the last 10 years. However, the trend of the influence is unique for each commuting model. Some influences
have become less significant in the last decade and some have become stronger.
相似文献
Kees MaatEmail: |
18.
19.
Toshiyuki Yamamoto 《Transportation》2009,36(3):351-366
The interactions among different types of vehicle ownership including car, motorcycle and bicycle are examined by developing
simultaneous vehicle ownership models in this study. Large scale person trip survey data for Osaka metropolitan area, Japan
and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia are used for empirical analysis. The results suggest that population density at residential area
significantly and negatively affects car ownership for both areas, and that the effects are larger for Osaka metropolitan
area than for Kuala Lumpur. Also, bicycle ownership becomes higher at higher population density area for Osaka area, while
higher at lower population density area for Kuala Lumpur, which represents the different usage patterns of bicycle between
the two areas.
相似文献
Toshiyuki YamamotoEmail: |
20.
The ever-increasing use of cars is a big problem in metropolitan areas. To manage the traffic stream and alleviate air pollution,
most metropolitan governments are attempting to discourage the use of cars. Nevertheless, the results have not been satisfactory.
It is well known that normal-choice riders choose their travel mode based on utility, which is determined by mode-specific
impedances and individual characteristics. On the other hand, this study focuses on identifying car-dependent commuters who
tend to keep driving cars regardless of the circumstances they are confronted with. For this study, psychometric factors characterizing
car-dependent commuters were investigated. However, the performance of the mode-choice model was not sufficiently enhanced
despite incorporation of the psychometric factors. The performance improved considerably when the car-dependent commuters
were excluded. Based on psychometric factors, the support vector machine successfully separated the car-dependent commuters
from normal-choice riders.
相似文献
Keemin SohnEmail: |