掺加芳纶纤维对桥隧修补混凝土干缩性能的影响

针对铁路路线中桥隧建筑物容易产生干缩开裂的问题展开讨论,研究了掺加芳纶纤维对修补混凝土干缩性能的影响。通过分析试验数据,发现掺加适量的芳纶纤维,可以有效减小水泥混凝土的干缩率。初步探讨了芳纶纤维减小水泥混凝土干缩率的机理。     

软土盾构隧道芳纶布加固机理和效果研究

运营盾构隧道的横向收敛变形直接关系到隧道的结构安全,粘贴芳纶布是常用的隧道变形整治加固方法之一,然而目前对其加固机理和加固效果还不明确。论文利用数值模拟方法,以隧道横向收敛变形和接缝张开量为指标,探讨了芳纶布对隧道横向变形的加固机理和加固效果;针对芳纶布粘贴时机与粘贴层数对加固效果的影响进行了参数影响分析。研究发现,粘贴芳纶布能有效地限制隧道横向收敛和接头变形,但芳纶布加固效果受隧道变形程度的影响,即隧道变形越小,加固效果越好;增加芳纶布粘贴层数,可以显著提高加固效果,最佳加固层数为2~3层。     

聚丙烯塑料管水力摩阻系数试验研究

为了测定聚丙烯塑料管（PP—R）的水力摩阻系数λ，用高压水柱压差计实测了PP—R直管段在不同稳态流量下的沿程水头损失，同时用电磁流量计测得相应的管道流量值。根据水力学的相关理论，推导出用上述实测值计算聚丙烯塑料管水力摩阻系数的公式。通过对试验数据的计算和分析，确定了试验用聚丙烯塑料管的水力摩阻系数，并且建立λ与雷诺数Re关系的经验公式。     

海底管道伴热技术研究

通过调研海底管道不同形式的伴热技术,归纳了主要伴热形式,并介绍了对应的工程案例。从设计、伴热能力、操作性、伴热系统风险等方面进行综合对比,提出了不同海底管道伴热技术所适应的条件,为开展海底管道伴热设计提供借鉴。     

燃料电池汽车整车热管理方案研究

热管理系统的研究在燃料电池汽车的整车开发中有着非常重要的意义。本文对国家863项目中燃料电池汽车几种不同的整车热管理方案进行了研究,计算出不同设计方案下FCE散热器、PCU散热器和空调冷凝器的散热量,并进行对比分析,得到了最优的热管理系统散热方案。同时简单介绍了热管理控制策略。本文的研究结果对燃料电池汽车整车热管理系统的设计具有重要参考价值。     

体验金龙校车 感受非凡“智慧”

近日,大金龙发布了搭载"金龙智慧校车运营管理系统"(以下简称"智慧系统")的全系"智慧校车"产品。相比传统校车产品,大金龙此次推出的"智慧系统"更引人注目,同时也成为其校车产品最具竞争力的买点。有别于目前行业热议的长头校车,大金龙XMQ6998ASD31校车仍采用平头造型,产品外观沿袭了"捷冠"系列客车的外观——流线造型、大幅观景侧窗、下部具有行李舱,但从细节上来看,不难发现设计人员对该款校车倾注的精心设计。     

“柔性”管材与分户供热

简介了铝塑复合管及ＰＥＸ塑料管（谷称柔性管）的特性及在城市集中供热系统分户控制中的应用,还给出了分户采暖图。     

地下工程排水管管材性能价格分析

地下工程排水管材中,钢筋混凝土管和塑料管在性能和价格方面差异比较大。分析、比较了钢筋混凝土管、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)双壁缠绕管、玻璃纤维增强塑料夹砂管、离心浇铸聚酯高强度夹砂复合玻璃钢管等4种管材的性能和价格。介绍了不同排水管管材在工程中的选择和应用。     

沥青混合料现场热再生配比设计探讨

通过对挖除旧料进行级配分析、旧沥青老化与再生分析,确定再生混合料的级配、再生剂与新沥青的类型和用量进行选择,对现场热再生混合料配比设计进行了有益的探索,通过性能验证设计出合适的混合料。     

热煨弯管用工艺管连接方法的改进

指出了目前热煨弯管加工过程中工艺管连接方法存在的不足,在分析热煨过程中弯管后直管段与工艺管连接处受力状况的基础上,设计出一套操作简便、能耗低的弯管后直管段与工艺管连接方法.     

油品码头灭火系统设计浅析

文章基于对某10万吨级油品码头灭火系统的介绍和分析,结合相关调研资料,着重阐述了油品码头灭火系统的设计要点。     

An analysis of destination choice for opaque airline products using multidimensional binary logit models

We investigate how customers respond to an opaque airline product offered by a European carrier. In this opaque product design, customers are randomly assigned to travel to one of approximately ten destinations; however, for a fee they may exclude one or more destinations from the choice set (or a particular package design) prior to learning which destination they will travel to. We use a multidimensional binary logit model to predict the probability that one or more alternatives will be chosen by a customer. Results show that customers are more likely to pay to exclude destinations located close to the origin airport and destinations that speak the same language as the origin airport. Length of stay, cost of living at the destination, and measures of destination attractiveness are also found to be significant predictors for some package designs. Based on these findings, we offer general recommendations for how to design opaque packages for airline customers.     

Incorporating social impact on new product adoption in choice modeling: A case study in green vehicles

While discrete choice analysis is prevalent in capturing consumer preferences and describing their choice behaviors in product design, the traditional choice modeling approach assumes that each individual makes independent decisions, without considering the social impact. However, empirical studies show that choice is social – influenced by many factors beyond engineering performance of a product and consumer attributes. To alleviate this limitation, we propose a new choice modeling framework to capture the dynamic influence from social networks on consumer adoption of new products. By introducing social influence attributes into a choice utility function, social network simulation is integrated with the traditional discrete choice analysis in a three-stage process. Our study shows the need for considering social impact in forecasting new product adoption. Using hybrid electric vehicles as an example, our work illustrates the procedure of social network construction, social influence evaluation, and choice model estimation based on data from the National Household Travel Survey. Our study also demonstrates several interesting findings on the dynamic nature of new technology adoption and how social networks may influence hybrid electric vehicle adoption.     

Biofuel refinery location and supply chain planning under traffic congestion

This research focuses on planning biofuel refinery locations where the total system cost for refinery investment, feedstock and product transportation and public travel is minimized. Shipment routing of both feedstock and product in the biofuel supply chain and the resulting traffic congestion impact are incorporated into the model to decide optimal locations of biofuel refineries. A Lagrangian relaxation based heuristic algorithm is introduced to obtain near-optimum feasible solutions efficiently. To further improve optimality, a branch-and-bound framework (with linear programming relaxation and Lagrangian relaxation bounding procedures) is developed. Numerical experiments with several testing examples demonstrate that the proposed algorithms solve the problem effectively. An empirical Illinois case study and a series of sensitivity analyses are conducted to show the effects of highway congestion on refinery location design and total system costs.     

A structural analysis of vehicle design responses to Corporate Average Fuel Economy policy

The US Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulations are intended to influence automaker vehicle design and pricing choices. CAFE policy has been in effect for the past three decades, and new legislation has raised standards significantly. We present a structural analysis of automaker responses to generic CAFE policies. We depart from prior CAFE analyses by focusing on vehicle design responses in long-run oligopolistic equilibrium, and we view vehicles as differentiated products, taking demand as a general function of price and product attributes. We find that under general cost, demand, and performance functions, single-product profit maximizing firm responses to CAFE standards follow a distinct pattern: firms ignore CAFE when the standard is low, treat CAFE as a vehicle design constraint for moderate standards, and violate CAFE when the standard is high. Further, the point and extent of first violation depends upon the penalty for violation, and the corresponding vehicle design is independent of further standard increases. Thus, increasing CAFE standards will eventually have no further impact on vehicle design if the penalty for violation is also not increased. We implement a case study by incorporating vehicle physics simulation, vehicle manufacturing and technology cost models, and a mixed logit demand model to examine equilibrium powertrain design and price decisions for a fixed vehicle body. Results indicate that equilibrium vehicle design is not bound by current CAFE standards, and vehicle design decisions are directly determined by market competition and consumer preferences. We find that with increased fuel economy standards, a higher violation penalty than the current stagnant penalty is needed to cause firms to increase their design fuel economy at equilibrium. However, the maximum attainable improvement can be modest even if the penalty is doubled. We also find that firms’ design responses are more sensitive to variation in fuel prices than to CAFE standards, within the examined ranges.     

Economic factors affecting the registration of lower CO2 emitting aircraft in Europe

We examine the various forces influencing the development and uptake of environmentally beneficial technical changes, focusing on airline technology. Within this context, we consider not only the nature of competition within the final market in which aircraft, an intermediate product, are sold, but also that of the product market itself, the commercial airline industry. The reasons for the gradual reduction in CO₂ per seat per aircraft movement in aircraft design are examined in terms of the real costs of aviation fuel, changes in the nature of the supply industry, the movement towards carbon cap-trade policies, and endogenous technical progress in the technology of the industry. The latter being taken as an empirical proxy for the role market forms play in influencing the fuel efficiency of the types of aircraft used. The results support the existence of these latter forces on the demand for aircraft types, allowing for other influences that affect aircraft technology.     

成品油管道水力分析工况

成品油管道由于顺序输送多种介质,且中间站下载量调整频繁,造成管道水力状况复杂多变。因此,根据规范要求,在设计时要对管道进行水力分析。鉴于引起不稳定流的工况众多,如果全部都进行分析,势必使工作量过大,降低设计效率。根据经验,对各种常见工况进行了分析,并推荐出不同管道条件下需要优先考虑模拟计算的工况。     

Modular route bus design – A method of meeting transport operation and vehicle manufacturing requirements

This research examines the problem of route bus specification and vehicle manufacturability. In order for bus operators to provide transport services, a range of vehicle configurations must be available from bus manufacturers, generating variety which has a negative impact on the manufacturing process. Larger part inventories, uncontrolled labour tasks and more troublesome maintenance are known impacts of this variety. This research identifies the functional necessities in route bus interior design and reduces the problems in bus manufacture and operation caused by specification diversity by proposing a modularised system of bus design. In particular, it makes recommendations as to how bus configuration should be carried out, ensuring an optimum mix of operational and manufacturing needs:

• 1.Determine user needs before the bus specification process.
• 2.Designs to be developed by the manufacturer in response to user needs.
• 3.This design should be standardised where possible, as suggested by the user needs.
• 4.Where user needs dictate product variations, apply a mass customisation approach to accommodate these needs.

The recommendations are communicated in design proposals for a modular bus interior, demonstrated by four cases designed to meet the present status quo of bus interior design and predictions for the future of the field.     

Adapting interactive stated response techniques to a self-completion survey

We report here on how we adapted Interactive Stated Response Methods to use in a self-completion survey of 454 California households to measure the market for electric vehicles in California. Electric vehicles are a novel product and have many features unfamiliar to consumers, in particular their home recharging capability and limited range. Reflexive techniques were designed to draw households into a deeper exploration of the lifestyle implications of electric vehicles than can be done in more typical self-completion surveys, and to stimulate key decision processes previously observed in detailed gaming interviews with 51 households. Reflexive self-completion techniques provide a middle course between typical large sample quantitative surveys and small sample, detailed gaming interviews. One of the benefits of the more intensive techniques was that participants reported finding the surveys interesting and return rates were high for a self-completion approach – over sixty percent. We review previous transportation and sociological methods which inspired our design, describe the design goals and features of our research, and summarize research results pertinent to testing the validity of our approach.     

稠油掺稀后混油黏度计算方法的研究

稀释输送是传统的稠油降黏输送方法,因其工艺简单,降黏效果在管输过程中较稳定,一直在国内外得到广泛应用。但稠油中加入稀油后其混油黏度又是一个难点,混油黏温数据是摩阻计算的重要参数,是输油管道设计和运行管理的重要参数,其准确性对水力计算结果至关重要。对混合原油的黏度计算,国内外学者提出了不少经验公式、半经验公式以及计算图表,且大多是利用实验数据通过线性回归得到的,每种模型都有一定的适用范围。通过对Cragoe模型进行修正,得出稠油掺入稀油黏度计算需分段选择模型的结论。