Research on Energy Efficiency Design Index for Sea-going LNG Carriers

This paper describes the characteristics of liquefied natural gas （LNG） carriers briefly. The LNG carrier includes power plant selection, vapor treatment, liquid cargo tank type, etc. Two parameters fuel substitution rate and recovery of boil of gas （BOG） volume to energy efficiency design index （EEDI） formula are added, and EEDI formula of LNG carriers is established based on ship EEDI formula. Then, based on steam turbine propulsion device of LNG carriers, mathematical models of LNG carriers＇ reference line value are established in this paper. By verification, the EEDI formula of LNG carriers described in this paper can provide a reference for LNG carrier EEDI calculation and green shipbuilding.     

海洋观测平台在波浪中运动响应的数值模拟(英文)

Offshore observation platforms are required to have great ability to resist waves when they are operating at sea. Investigation on the motion characteristics of the platforms in the sea can provide significant reference values during the platform design procedure. In this paper, a series of numerical simulation on the interaction of a triple-hulled offshore observation platform with different incident waves is carried out. All of the simulations are implemented utilizing our own solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU, which is based and developed on the open source tools of OpenFOAM. Duration curves of motion characteristics and loads acting on the platform are obtained, and a comparison between the results of the amplitude in different incident waves is presented. The results show that the solver is competent in the simulation of motion response of platforms in waves.     

2万载重吨江海直达散货船节能装置开发（英文）

A reduction of fuel consumption and an increase in efficiency are currently required for river–sea bulk carriers. Pre-swirl and ducted stators are widely used devices in the industry and efficiency gains can be obtained for single-screw and twin-screw vessels. Based on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the 20,000 DWT river–sea bulk carrier, in this study, we proposed,designed, and tested a series of pre-swirl energy-saving devices(ESDs). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ESDs improved the propulsive efficiency and reduced the delivered power. The results confirm the success of our ESD for the20,000 DWT river–sea bulk carrier. We validated the role of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes(RANS) computational fluid dynamics(CFD) in the twin-skeg river–sea vessel ESD design and found the circumferential arrangement and number of stators to be important factors in the design process.     

The research on signal-obtaining pattern for a new type of gyroscope

In this paper, a photoelectric signal obtained scheme via equator triangle pattern engraved on rotor is discussed and the mathematic model is deduced in the case which is deflexion between rotor axis and the coordinate frame of case. The deflexion error and coupling error under the situation are analyzed. Finally, three methods of engraving based on the spherical triangle pattern are presented. The error models of various methods are built up and the simulation curves are provided respectively. We have done the primary experiments on the surface of rotor using this method. It can be seen from the enlarged figures that the rim of the pattern is smooth and the demand of sensor resolution is satisfied by and large. The results of study supply reference for signal obtaining.     

Sensitivity analysis and dynamic modification of modal parameter in mechanical transmission system

Sensitivity analysis is one of the effective methods in the dynamic modification. The sensitivity of the modal parameters such as the natural frequencies and mode shapes in undamped free vibration of mechanical transmission system is analyzed in this paper. In particular,the sensitivities of the modal parameters to physical parameters of shaft system such as the inertia and stiffness are given. A calculation formula for dynamic modification is presented based on the analysis of modal parameter. With a mechanical transmission system as an example, the sensitivities of natural frequencies and modes shape are calculated and analyzed. Furthermore, the dynamic modification is also carried out and a good result is obtained.     

基于模糊集合的船舶燃气轮机临界因素的Dematel评估方法（英文）

In power production, gas turbines are commonly used components that generate high amount of energy depending on size and weight. They function as integral parts of helicopters, aircrafts, trains, ships, electrical generators, and tanks. Notably, many researchers are focusing on the design, operation, and maintenance of gas turbines. The focal point of this paper is a DEMATEL approach based on fuzzy sets, with the attempt to use these fuzzy sets explicitly. Using this approach, the cause–effect diagram of gas turbine failures expressed in the literature is generated and aimed to create a perspective for operators. The results of the study show that, "connecting shaft has been broken between turbine and gear box" selected the most important cause factor and"sufficient pressure fuel does not come for fuel pump" is selected the most important effect factor, according to the experts.     

牵引车-飞机系统的路径跟踪控制(英文)

An aircraft tractor plays a significant role as a kind of important marine transport and support equipment. It’s necessary to study its controlling and manoeuvring stability to improve operation efficiency. A virtual prototyping model of the tractor-aircraft system based on Lagrange’s equation of the first kind with Lagrange mutipliers was established in this paper. According to the towing characteristics, a path-tracking controller using fuzzy logic theory was designed. Direction control herein was carried out through a compensatory tracking approach. Interactive co-simulation was performed to validate the path-tracking behavior in closed-loop. Simulation results indicated that the tractor followed the reference courses precisely on a flat ground.     

Application of ML to System Identification for Underwater Vehicle

In this paper, maximum-likelihood (ML) and its relaxation algorithm, which are used to identify the mathematicsmodel of an underwater vehicle(UV), arc discussed. With the trial data of zigzag tests, the hydrodynamic derivatives of theUV were estimated, and the relaxation algorithm is confirmed to have better astringency from the contrast between the twomethods.Then a simulation environment based on these parameters is established to verify the validity and effect of these meth-ods. The result shows the model is credible and the methods are very useful for the research of maneuverability and adaptivecontrol of underwater vehicles.     

Key technology of ship product data exchange based on STEP

In this paper, in order to implement the share and exchange of the ship product data, a new kind of global function model is established. By researching on the development and trend of the application of ship STEP （ standard for the exchange of product model data） standards, the AIM （application interpreted model） of AP216 is developed and improved as an example, aiming at the characteristics and practical engineering of ship industry in our country. The data exchange interfaces are formed based on STEP in the CAD/CAM for the ship by all function modules and shared databases under the global function model. The share and exchange of all information and data are solved in the design, manufacture and all life-cycle of ship products among different computer application systems. The research work makes foundation for the ship industry informatization.     

Two parametric tropical cyclone models for storm surge modeling

In this paper,the two parametric tropical cyclone models for storm surge modeling are further developed.The analytical expressions of tangential and radial velocity distribution are derived from the governing momentum equations,based on the general symmetric pressure distribution proposed by Holland and Fujita.On the basis of the data of several tropical cyclones that occurred in East China Ocean,the shape parameter in pressure model is estimated.Finally,the Fred cyclone(typhoon 199417)is calculated,and comparisons of measured and calculated air pressures and wind speed are presented.     

LNG船的燃气和蒸汽轮机推进器(英文)

Propulsion of liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships is undergoing significant change. The traditional steam plant is losing favor because of its low cycle efficiency. Medium-speed diesel-electric and slow-speed diesel-mechanical drive ships are in service, and more are being built. Another attractive alternative is combined gas and steam turbine (COGAS) drive. This approach offers significant advantages over steam and diesel propulsion. This paper presents the case for the COGAS cycle.     

Analysis of Flux of Gas Passing Circle Lacuna

The rate of flow of the gas flowing through cirque chink often needs calculation in engineering. The characters of compressibility and thermodynamics have some effect on the gas flowing, so the analysis on the flow of gas is more complex than that of liquid. But under different conditions and different I'equirements of precision the analysis can be simplified suitably, then make the formulae given become simple subsequently. This paper analyzes various gas flux based on basic characters and motion laws of gas and the analysis is just applied in an engineering project.     

CHINESE OCEAN SHIPPING INDUSTRY

Professor D. Daryl Wyckoff teaches in the Harvard Business School, Boston, U.S.A. He visited China from November to December in 1981. This paper was written as a seminar material at a course on international shipping after he returned to the United States. It is noted on the paper that "This ease was prepared by Professor D. Daryl Wyckoff as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation."This paper gives the historical background and a general survey of China's ocean shipping industry. It covers commodity flow and trades, fleet development, shipbuilding industry, and international agreements.the development of China's ocean shipping industry attracts world attention. There are quite a number of reports published abroad, some of which are quoted in this paper together with the author's own opinion. We publish this paper only for presenting some reference material from abroad and it does not mean that we agree with the author's opinion or confirm any thing in this paper.     

Time-domain simulation for water wave radiation by floating structures （Part A）

Direct time-domain simulation of floating structures has advantages： it can calculate wave pressure fields and forces directly; and it is useful for coupled analysis of floating structures with a mooring system. A time-domain boundary integral equation method is presented to simulate three-dimensional water wave radiation problems. A stable form of the integration free-surface boundary condition （IFBC） is used to update velocity potentials on the free surface. A multi-transmitting formula （MTF） method with an artificial speed is introduced to the artificial radiation boundary （ARB）. The method was applied to simulate a semi-spherical liquefied natural gas （LNG） carrier and a semi-submersible undergoing specified harmonic motion. Numerical parameters such as the form of the ARB, and the time and space discretization related to this method are discussed. It was found that a good agreement can be obtained when artificial speed is between 0.6 and 1.6 times the phase velocity of water waves in the MTF method. A simulation can be done for a long period of time by this method without problems of instability, and the method is also accurate and computationally efficient.     

Numerical analysis of transient fluid-structure interaction of warship impact damage caused by underwater explosion using the FSLAB北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］This paper aims to address the numerical simulation problems of the dynamic response of ships subject to near-, medium- and far-field underwater explosions by establishing several numerical methods and calculation models. ［Methods］First, load and fluid-structure interaction models are established on the basis of the Eulerian finite element method and acoustic finite element method using the field-split technique, and FSLAB fluid-structure interaction software is developed. Next, near-, medium- and far-field underwater explosions are numerically simulated respectively. The shock wave propagation law, bubble shape and load evolution characteristics of near free-surface and near-wall underwater explosions are obtained, and the shock response characteristics of a spherical shell and ship subject to far-field underwater explosions are analyzed. Finally, the FSLAB software results are compared with the analytical solutions, reference solutions and experimental data. ［Results］The results show that the FSLAB fluid-structure interaction software developed in this paper is effective and accurate in simulating the impact damage of underwater explosions on warships. ［Conclusion］This study can provide a basis and support for the power assessment of underwater anti-explosion and shock design of warships. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

Wave load computation in direct strength analysis of semi-submersible platform structures

A wave load computation approach in direct strength analysis of semi-submersible platform structures was presented in this paper. Considering the differences in shape of pontoon, column and beam, the combination of accumulative chord length cubic parameter spline theory and analytic method was adopted for generating the wet surface mesh of platform. The hydrodynamic coefficients of platform were calculated by the three-dimensional potential flow theory of the linear hydrodynamic problem for platform with low forward speed. The equation of platform motions was established and solved in frequency domain, and the responses of wave-induced loads on the platform can be obtained. With the interpolation method being utilized, the pressure loads on shell elements for finite element analysis(FEA) were converted from those on the hydrodynamic computation mesh, which pave the basis for FEA with commercial software. A computer program based on this method has been developed ,and a calculation example of semi-submersible platform was illustrated. Analysis results show that this method is a satisfying approach of wave loads computation for this kind of platform.     

欠驱动ODINs的全局逆最优循迹控制（英文）

This paper presents a design of optimal controllers with respect to a meaningful cost function to force an underactuated omni-directional intelligent navigator(ODIN) under unknown constant environmental loads to track a reference trajectory in two-dimensional space. Motivated by the vehicle’s steering practice, the yaw angle regarded as a virtual control plus the surge thrust force are used to force the position of the vehicle to globally track its reference trajectory. The control design is based on several recent results developed for inverse optimal control and stability analysis of nonlinear systems, a new design of bounded disturbance observers, and backstepping and Lyapunov’s direct methods. Both state- and output-feedback control designs are addressed. Simulations are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.     

船舶SOFC燃料电池与汽轮机联合动力装置能效分析(英文)

Strong restrictions on emissions from marine power plants(particularly SOx,NOx)will probably be adopted in the near future.In this paper,a combined solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)and steam turbine fuelled by natural gas is proposed as an attractive option to limit the environmental impact of the marine sector.The analyzed variant of the combined cycle includes a SOFC operated with natural gas fuel and a steam turbine with a single-pressure waste heat boiler.The calculations were performed for two types of tubular and planar SOFCs,each with an output power of 18 MW.This paper includes a detailed energy analysis of the combined system.Mass and energy balances are performed not only for the whole plant but also for each component in order to evaluate the thermal efficiency of the combined cycle.In addition,the effects of using natural gas as a fuel on the fuel cell voltage and performance are investigated.It has been found that a high overall efficiency approaching 60%may be achieved with an optimum configuration using the SOFC system.The hybrid system would also reduce emissions,fuel consumption,and improve the total system efficiency.