回转椭球体可压缩流动数值计算

基于细长体理论和逐次近似计算方法,对水下运动的回转椭球体可压缩流动进行了数值模拟.通过迭代计算得到流动压缩因子,用于确定可压缩流动流场.分析了相同的回转椭球体在不同介质中的临界马赫数以及相同来流马赫数下不同介质中压缩性影响程度.计算结果与相关资料数据进行比较,具有较好的一致性.     

Aero-optical characteristics of supersonic flow over blunt wedge with cavity window

The optical rays that form the image of an object and propagate a supersonic flow over a vehicle are refracted by the density variations. A numerical analysis of the aero-optical characteristics of supersonic flow over blunt wedge with a cavity window is carried out. A hybrid method of Reynold averaged Navier-Stokes and direct simulation Monte Carlo (RANS/DSMC) is employed to simulate the flowfield. Refraction factor is introduced to evaluate the flowfield’s aero-optical characteristic. The results show that mean flow’s aero-optical effects are mainly caused by the shock wave, the expansion wave and the turbulent boundary layer. Fluctuation flow’s aero-optical effects are mainly caused by the turbulent boundary layer and the shock wave induced by the cavity window. The aero-optical effects at the leading side of window are caused by the mean density variations, while the effects at the trailing side are caused by the density fluctuations. Different draft angles of the cavity window are investigated. The airborne optical devices of supersonic vehicle should be mounted in the middle of the cavity window with a large draft angle.     

微尺度下气体在过渡区内流动的格子Boltzmann模拟

为研究微尺度下气体在过渡区内的流动特性,基于气体动理学及Knudsen层效应理论,推导了Knudsen数与无量纲松弛时间的关系;应用Succi的边界处理方法和广义二阶滑移边界条件,推导了壁面滑移速度和反弹比例系数的计算公式,建立了适用于过渡区微尺度气体流动的格子Boltzmann模型,并应用该模型对过渡区内微尺度Poiseuille流动进行模拟.结果表明,当稀薄参数取1.64时,计算得到的无量纲速度剖面在整个过渡区与Karniadakis给出的无量纲速度剖面吻合较好,无量纲速度分布在过渡区基本上保持为抛物线形状,边界上的无量纲滑移速度随着Knudsen数的增加而增大,中心线上的无量纲速度随着Knudsen数的增加而减小.      

可压缩气体中粘性液体射流雾化机理研究

采用线性稳定性分析的方法,得到了描述可压缩气体中的空心柱形粘性液体射流雾化机理的三维模型.对模型进行了求解,发现存在6个对射流雾化过程起控制作用的量纲一的数,它们分别是Re数、We数、气液密度比、空心柱内半径与液膜厚度比及空心柱内外气体介质对于射流运动参考系的Ma数.分析了空心柱内外气体Ma数对射流空间不稳定性的影响,计算结果表明:空心柱内外气体Ma数在射流雾化过程中总是起不稳定性的作用,它们的增大有利于射流雾化过程的实现.空心柱内部气体Md数对射流雾化过程的影响要比外部气体Ma数影响大.气体介质的可压缩性在液体射流雾化过程中具有不稳定性的作用.     

麻省理工的“一等星”——钱学森在麻省理工学院的日子

本文通过对1930年～1940年代美国航空工业史的研究发现,当年正是因为钱学森自己在美国航空和军事科学研究领域中作出的显著成就,逐步确立自己在航空工程界的领导地位,吸引了美国航空工业界重量级人物美国航空顾问委员会主席、麻省理工航空工程系主任汉萨克的注意,后者不遗余力将钱学森引进麻省理工,从而纠正了以往关于钱学森是因为导师冯.卡门与加州理工发生矛盾,钱学森与导师一同出走麻省理工的不正确记录。作者在美国麻省理工学院档案馆发掘出一些至今未被正式引用的档案,还原了1947年钱学森是如何突破常规,晋升为麻省理工历史最年轻的教授的那段不为人知的历史,并展示了当年麻省理工学院校方对钱学森在航空工业领域所作贡献的高度评价——他是麻省理工的"一等星"。同时,本文记述钱学森在麻省理工任职期间的教学和研究情况,以及麻省理工学院学术研究环境和学术传统和对钱学森在火箭研究、风洞试验和控制论研究的影响。     

基于最小成本的高度能力计算方法

考虑了风速对巡航马赫数的影响,研究了最小成本巡航马赫数和基于最小飞行成本的高度能力计算方法,分析了质量、温度与质心位置对高度能力的影响程度。结果表明质量对高度能力影响较大,温度只影响推力限制高度,质心位置只影响过载限制高度。高度计算结果与波音IN—FLT软件计算结果相比,在无风条件下误差不超过1％,该方法可行。     

Non-linear aerothermoelastic modeling and behavior of a double-wedge lifting surface

The design of the re-entry space vehicles and high-speed aircraft structures requires special attention to the non-linear thermoelastic and aerodynamic instabilities. The thermal effects are important since temperature environment influences significantly the static and dynamic behaviors of flight structures in supersonic/hypersonic regimes. The dynamic behavior of a double-wedge lifting surface with combined freeplay and cubic stiffening structural nonlinearities in both plunging and pitching degrees-of-freedom (DOF) operating in supersonic/hypersonic flight speed regimes has been analyzed. In addition a third order piston theory aerodynamics (PTA) is used to evaluate the non-linear unsteady aerodynamic loads applied to the wing section. Loss of torsional stiffness that may be incurred by lifting surfaces subjected to axial stresses induced by aerodynamic heating is also considered. The aerodynamic heating effect is estimated based on the adiabatic wall temperature due to high speed airstreams. It is demonstrated that serious losses of torsional stiffness may occur in such lifting surfaces; the influence of various parameters such as flight condition, thickness ratio, freeplays and pitching stiffness nonlinearity are discussed.     

The Simulation of High Reynolds Number Cavity Flow Based on Fractional Volumetric Lattice Boltzmann Method

IntroductionThe lattice Boltzmann method (LBM)[1],which was proposed a decade ago, has attractedgreat attention as an alternative numerical methodfor simulating complex fluid flows[2~5]. Unlikeconventional numerical schemes based on dis-cretizations of macroscopic continuum equations,the lattice Boltzmann method is based on micro-scopic models and mesoscopic kinetic equations.This method was proved to achieve second-orderaccuracy in the domain of the fluid both theoreti-cally and numerically…     

基于轨迹谱聚类的终端区盛行交通流识别方法

为了改善终端空域扇区和进离场航线对实际空中交通的流量及空间分布的适用性,研究了从大量航空器飞行轨迹中识别主要交通流的方法.在分析飞行轨迹空间特征的基础上,建立了基于3D网格的轨迹间相似性模型.利用谱聚类算法对终端区飞行轨迹样本进行聚类划分,提出了一种基于轨迹聚类核密度估计的盛行交通流和异常轨迹的识别方法,用于从空管雷达记录的飞行轨迹中识别出盛行交通流的实验.实验研究结果表明:该方法将1 476条轨迹划分为5个聚类,识别出5个盛行交通流,且识别结果未受到异常轨迹的影响.      

一种基于稀疏表达和光流的目标跟踪方法

提出一种将稀疏表达技术融入到传统光流算法的目标跟踪方法.首先使用FAST和Harris算法在视频序列的每一帧中为光流算法采集运动目标的特征点,之后光流算法基于后向跟踪-形心配准的方法对跟踪目标完成粗略定位.在当前帧的粗略定位处应用仿射变换产生N个候选区域.最后应用稀疏表达技术判断出与原始目标匹配率最高的仿射变换区域做为最终目标跟踪区域.实验结果表明,该算法既能较好地适应目标的外观变化,又具有较强的抗遮挡能力,鲁棒性强.     

Phase Behaviors in Bi-phase Simulation of Powder Segregation in Metal Injection Molding

Powder segregation induced by mold filling is an important phenomenon that affects the final quality of metal injection molding （MIM）. The prediction of segregation in MIM requires a bi-phase flow model to describe distinctly the flows of metallic powder and polymer binder. Viscous behaviors for the flows of each phase should hence be determined. The coefficient of interaction between the flows of two phases should also be evaluated. However, only viscosity of the mixed feedstock is measurable by capillary tests. Wall sticking is supposed in the traditional model for capillary tests, while the wall slip is important to be taken into account in MIM injection. Objective of the present paper is to introduce the slip effect in bi-phase simulation, and search the suitable way to determine the viscous behaviors for each phase with the consideration of wall slip in capillary tests. Analytical and numerical methods were proposed to realize such a specific purpose. The proposed method is based on the mass conservation between the capillary flows in mono-phase model for the mixed feedstock and in bi-phase model for the flows of two phases. Examples of the bi-phase simulation in MIM were realized with the software developed by research team. The results show evident segregation, which is valuable for improving the mould designs.     

Audio authenticity: Duplicated audio segment detection in waveform audio file

Waveform audio （WAV） file is a widely used file format of uncompressed audio. With the rapid development of digital media technology, one can easily insert duplicated segments with powerful audio editing software, e.g. inserting a segment of audio with negative meaning into the existing audio file. The duplicated segments can change the meaning of the audio file totally. So for a WAV file to be used as evidence in legal proceedings and historical documents, it is very importance to identify if there are any duplicated segments in it. This paper proposes a method to detect duplicated segments in a WAV file. Our method is based on the similarity calculation between two different segments. Duplicated segments are prone to having similar audio waveform, i.e., a high similarity. We use fast convolution Mgorithm to calculate the similarity, which makes our method quit efficient. We calculate the similarity between any two different segments in a digital audio file and use the similarity to judge which segments are duplicated. Experimental results show the feasibility and efficiency of our method on detecting duplicated audio segments.     

交通拥挤网络效率衡量方法研究

提出了一种交通网络效率的定量衡量方法.该方法综合反映了在达到平衡状态下的交通网络中,交通流量、出行者的出行行为和旅行费用等因素对网络效率的影响,可以用来对交通网络的运行绩效进行合理的估计,且适用于任意平衡状态下的交通网络.算例表明,与其他既有方法相比,该方法能对交通网络的效率进行合理标定,并能对相关交通现象作出科学解释.     

一种复杂背景下图像匹配的快速算法

图像匹配的关键是时效性和准确性，同时也是判定算法优秀与否的垂要标准。传统的基于灰度值的点与点之间做相关运算的算法虽然直接，精确度也较高．但是由于其搜索过程要遍历整幅图片．特别当图片为数据巨大的航空图片时，其花费的时间是巨大的．这不符台时效性的要求。Hausdorff距离是测量两个点集之间匹配程度的一种度量，在计算时不需要建立两个点集中点与点之间的对应关系，只需求得两幅图中相接近点的个数。采用部分Hausdorff距离定义．对目标有噪声影响的’隋况有较好的处理效果。采用Canny算子对图片提取边缘，得到图像中目标的边缘信息。仅利用边缘信息分析计算，而避免采用整幅图片的数据．大大缩短了计算时间。通过对多幅光学图片进行检测，表明基于Hausdorff距离的综台匹配方法是有效的。     

强夯法处理湿陷性黄土地基的试验研究

强夯法是一种设备简单、施工方便、经济易行的地基处理方法.它对增强地基密实度、消除土层湿陷性、降低土层压缩性和提高地基承载力效果显著.针对兰州中川机场场道工程,通过原位测试试验,分析比较了试夯前后的湿陷性黄土物理力学特性、湿陷性、比贯入阻力等特性,证明了强夯处理湿陷性黄土效果显著.     

解决路网检测器布局问题的数形结合方法

为了获取各路段的交通流量,本文提出一种解决任意路网中检测器布局优化 问题的数形结合方法.首先基于交通网络的拓扑结构与代数关联矩阵间的联系定义平衡 矩阵和基本平衡矩阵;然后根据基本平衡矩阵的特点,找到n -1阶数（比网络节点数少 1）可逆矩阵M ,该矩阵所对应的路段集合就构成路网的一个支撑树(不需要安装检测器 的路段集合);最后根据流量守恒原理进行矩阵运算,全面、准确、快速地推算出未安装检 测器路段的交通流量.该方法揭示了路网中各路段流量间的数形联系,并避免了单独利用 代数或图论方法的操作复杂性,以及获取交通信息不及时性.通过具体算例验证了此方法 的可行性和有效性.     

Bi-phasic Simulation of Metal Injection Moulding： Constitutive Determinations

IntroductionMetalinjectionmolding (MIM )isexpectedtobeveryefficienttoproducesmalland 3Dcomplicatedpartsinlargeseries .Thistechnologycombinesthewell knownpolymerinjectionmouldingandpowdermetallurgytechnology .AnMIM processincludesfourmainstages[1,2 ] :them…     

迈向交通新高度:纪念钱学森归国60周年系列活动——“交通7+1论坛”第三十九次会议纪实

交通作为经济社会发展的基础性和战略性产业,在国家发展战略决策中起着重要的作用.借助移动互联网、云计算、大数据、物联网等先进技术,将互联网与交通运输业进行有效的渗透与融合,形成具有"线上资源合理分配,线下高效优质运行"的新业态和新模式,满足人们更便捷出行、更人性服务和行业更科学决策的需求.在纪念钱学森归国60周年之际,本次论坛旨在运用钱学森所倡导的系统思维及总体部思想,为"互联网+交通"的发展提供新的思路和理论指导,推进交通运输由传统产业向现代服务业转型升级,使交通发展迈向新的高度.     

雷诺数相似喷水推进船模预报实船推进性能

通过在数值计算中调整流体粘度系数,实现缩尺船模与实船雷诺数相似,进而消除尺度效应的影响.在弗劳德数0.15~0.41范围内,雷诺数相似船模方法预报实船阻力与模型试验外推值差别在5%以内;在波形与伴流场的比较中,雷诺数相似船模方法与实尺度计算方法预报结果基本一致.数值计算表明对于缩尺比为30的模型泵与实泵效率差别在11%~17%,而雷诺数相似模型泵效率计算值与实泵计算值差别在1.5%以内,表明通过雷诺数相似模型泵能够较好预报实泵性能.文中比较了模型雷诺数与实尺雷诺数下喷水推进器的性能变化,分析了喷水推进自航试验中可能产生的误差.通过雷诺数相似船模数值自航预报阻力、推力、推进效率与实尺度计算的比较,表明了雷诺数相似船模方法能够较好预报实尺度喷水推进船的推进性能.     

基于道路流量和服务水平的停车需求预测分析

为使停车需求预测更准确,提出基于道路流量和服务水平停车需求预测模型。分析停车需求预测方法的现状,同时引入道路流量和服务水平这两个重要的影响因素,在多元回归模型的基础上,引入停车泊位增加系数,建立改进的停车预测模型。通过大量的调查数据对该模型进行检验,验证模型的准确性,该方法对解决城市中心区的动态交通拥堵具有一定的指导意义。