Magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerotic lesion with new devised animal surface coil

The ability of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE MRI) with a new devised animal surface coil was analyzed in identifying atherosclerotic plaques in the rabbit medium-sized iliac artery(IA).Then a comparative analysis of multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT) and DCE MRI was done in discerning morphology and components of 80 atherosclerotic plaques identified by histopathology.It shows that the DCE MRI may be an emerging noninvasive and economic way to characterize atherosclerotic plaques at present.What's more, a new devised animal surface coil would further improve the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and the quality of imaging.However, CT angiography(CTA) may be better than MR angiography(MRA) in detecting vessel stenosis.     

A rnold-Chiari畸形的诊断与外科治疗

探讨 Arnold- Chiari畸形的 MRI诊断及外科治疗效果。方法　回顾性分析了 1 2例 Arnold- Chiari畸形患者的临床表现、MRI诊断及手术方式和疗效。结果　术前 1 2例患者均经 MRI诊断。 4例行单纯后颅窝及颈 1～ 2椎板减压术 ,8例行后颅窝及颈椎板减压术加同期脊髓空洞—蛛网膜下腔分流术 ,手术有效率为 83%。结论　 MRI是 Arnold- Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞的最佳诊断手段 ;Arnold- Chiari畸形合并较大脊髓空洞时应同期行脊髓空洞—蛛网膜下腔分流术     

17例脊髓纵裂的CT结果分析

我院骨科自1978～1993年共收治先天性脊柱畸形427例,手术证实合并脊髓纵裂40例,其中17例术前经CT检查确诊。18个骨嵴中（1例为2个骨嵴）,16个为骨性嵴,2个分别为软骨性和纤维性嵴。CT特征:椎管中央的纵行骨嵴将脊髓或马尾分为两部分,多数骨嵴两侧蛛网膜下间隙及脊髓不均称;该部椎管扩大;椎体及附件结构紊乱。CT是一理想、可靠的诊断方法,不仅能准确诊断损害的平面,而且能显示椎管的自然状态和骨嵴的轮廓及种类。     

脑转移瘤的磁共振诊断

目的 评价核磁共振成像在脑转移瘤中的诊断价值。方法 经临床证实的脑转移瘤34例,行MRI平扫及增强扫描,分析其影像表现。结果 MRI平扫1例正常,33例共发现病灶178个,呈略长T1长T2信号,约半数有囊变,少数合并出血;GdDTPA增强扫描,34例共发现病灶245个,呈结节状或环形明显强化。结论 磁共振增强扫描是诊断脑转移瘤的最佳方法。     

Apoptosis of motor neurons in the spinal cord after ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia in rabbits

Objective To clarify the pathologic change of the motor neuron on spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia. Methods The infrarenal aorta of White New Zealand rabbits （n=24） was occluded for 26 minutes using two bulldog clamps. Rabbits were killed after 8, 24, 72, or 168 hours （n=6 per group）, respectively. The clamps was placed but never clamped in sham-operated rabbits （n=24）. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord （L5 to L7） was used for morphological studies, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, the expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins in spinal cord was detected with immunohistochemistry. The apoptotic neurons in spinal cord were measured with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling of DNA fragments （TUNEL） staining. Results Delayed paraplegia occurred in all rabbits of ischemia reperfusion group at 16-24 hours, but not in sham groups. Motor neurons were selectively lost at 7 days after transient ischemia. After ischemia, the positive expression of bcl-2 protein were in the sham controls but decreased significantly as compared with that of the IR group （P〈0.01）, especially in 72 hours reperfusion. The positive expression of bax protein were also in the sham controls, but increased in the IR group, especially in 72 hours reperfusion; In addition, TUNEL study demonstrated that no cells were positively labeled until 24 hours after ischemia, but nuclei of some motor neurons were positively labeled at peak after ischemia reperfusion at 72 hours. Oenclusion Spinal cord ischemia in rabbits induces morphological and biochemical changes suggestive of apoptosis. These data raise the possibility that apoptosis contributes to neuronal cell death after spinal cord ischemia reperfnsion.     

BLOOD FLOW PATTERN AND QUANTITATIVE STUDY IN SOLITARY PULMONARY NODULES WITH DYNAMIC CONTRAST-ENHANCED MRI

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of contrast enhanced dynamic MRI in differentiating solitary pulmonary nodules(SPNs). Methods Eighty-three patients with SPNs undertaken contrast enhanced dynamic MRI. Time-signal intensity curve (T-SI Curve) was made. Peak height (PH), steepest slope (SS), maximum enhancement (Emax) and the enhancement rates of signal intensity were recorded at the first ( E1 ), second ( E2 ),third (E3) , fourth ( E4), fifth (E5) , and sixth (E6) minute after injection. Results Malignant nodules and inflammatory nodules enhanced significantly higher than benign nodules, and malignant nodules and inflammatory nodules showed obviously higher PH, SS, Emax, E1-E6 values than benign nodules( P ＜ 0. 01 ). There were no significant differences in PH, SS, E E1-E6 values between malignant nodules and inflammatory nodules( P ＞ 0. 05 ).Conclusion Contrast enhanced dynamic MR imaging can provide SPNs' hemodynamic information and is helpful in differentiating SPNs.     

椎管内上皮样囊肿及皮样囊肿

该文报告了13例椎管内上皮样囊肿和皮样囊肿,9例位于园锥部,2例位于胸段,2例位于马尾部。其中1973—1982年有11例,占同期椎管内肿瘤的15.5％。12例经脊髓造影检查,13例均行手术治疗。园锥部之囊肿均在髓内,且常合并脊髓末端的变异和畸形。作者根据病变部位和临床特点将该病分为四种临床类型,对它的诊断、治疗、术后遗留症状和复发等问题进行了讨论。     

胎鼠与成鼠脊髓蛋白质组图谱的构建及其差异分析

目的初步建立并优化用于脊髓组织蛋白质组分析的双向电泳技术。应用双向电泳技术建立胎鼠与成鼠脊髓蛋白质组图谱,并对两者的差异进行比较,从整体水平上探究成鼠脊髓丧失再生能力的蛋白质基础。方法以大鼠脊髓为研究对象,应用以固相pH梯度等电聚焦为第一向、均一水平十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳为第二向的双向电泳体系,对样品制备、电泳参数、染色等技术环节中影响双向电泳分辨率的关键因素进行一系列的优化。采用ImageMaster 2D Elite图像分析软件对获得的胎鼠与成鼠脊髓蛋白质组2-DE图谱进行图像分析,比较两者在蛋白质组表达上的差异。结果在此优化的实验条件下,获得了质量较好的脊髓组织蛋白质组双向电泳图谱。胎鼠脊髓蛋白质组图谱经图像分析后,可检测到838个蛋白点,成鼠脊髓蛋白质组图谱可检测到847个蛋白点。对胎鼠与成鼠脊髓蛋白质组匹配差示图谱的分析发现,两者间存在813个差示蛋白。结论通过对各种条件的优化,初步建立了脊髓组织2-DE技术。对胎鼠与成鼠脊髓蛋白质组的比较发现,两者存在明显差异。胎鼠与成鼠脊髓蛋白质组差示图谱的建立,为进一步筛选、鉴定与脊髓再生能力丧失有关的蛋白,并探究其作用机制打下了基础。     

经前路切除钩椎关节治疗颈椎病

我院采用经前路切除钩椎关节的方法治疗12例颈椎病。7例为脊髓型,伴有神经根受压症状;5例为椎动脉型,伴有脊髓和神经根受压表现。X线检查均提示钩椎关节增生肥大。全部施行了钩锥关节切除术。随访1～2.5年,疗效满意。     

人、猫、狗、兔脊髓的面积和体积的比较

本文选用三条人的脊髓,九条猫的脊髓,三条狗的脊髓,四条免的脊髓进行了研究。1.人脊髓最长的脊髓节是第三胸脊髓节(Th3),猫是第十二胸脊髓节(Th12),狗是第四颈脊髓节,兔是第三腰脊髓节(L3)。在人和动物,一般来说脊髓胸段都比脊髓其它段长。人和狗的脊髓颈段比腰骶段(L-S)长。猫和兔的腰骶段比颈段长。2.灰质体积的比较是人、猫、狗、兔的腰膨大均比颈膨大的灰质体积大。人的胸段灰质体积最大。3.人的脊髓白质面积近颅则有明显的增大,兔的脊髓白质面积近颅侧没有明显的增大。4.一般来说,动物脊髓前角的体积都大于后角,但是人脊髓颈段和胸段前角的体积小于后角。动物脊髓中间带的体积比人的大。5.人脊髓白质后索的面积比前索面积大,但是兔脊髓白质后索的面积比前索面积小。我们发现人和猫的灰质向前移动是动物进化在脊髓的标志。可能在神经解剖和神经生理实验方面猫的脊髓是比较满意的实验对象。     

脑梗塞的磁共振成像与临床

本文讨论了80例脑梗塞磁共振成像与临床表现,其中20例有CT检查。多数病例磁共振成像显示为多发性脑梗塞(95%)。梗塞灶在T_1加权是低信号改变;T_2加权呈高信号改变,急性和慢性期特点一致。资料结果表明:磁共振成像定位准确(98.75%)。病灶检出T_2比T_1敏感,磁共振成像检出病灶多于CT。在诊断脑梗塞方面,磁共振成像优于CT。     

FEMUR SHAPE RECOVERY FROM VOLUMETRIC IMAGES USING 3-D DEFORMABLE MODELS

IntroductionThe rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament( ACL) has become the most common knee in-juries.In operation of ACL reconstruction,thesurgeons have to find the optimal attachmentpoints resulting in a low anisometry of the graft,while preventing impingement between the graftand the femoral notch.Markus Fleute andStéphane lavallée[1] proposed a real- time systemfor computer- assisted ACL surgery.A recentadvance in surgery is minimally invasive tech-nique that can avoid the large…     

大鼠移植性肝癌MRI信号特征与定量分析

通过对Ｗａｌｋｅｒ２５６移植性肝癌的动物模型的ＭＲＩ图像信号以及Ｔ１值、Ｔ２值的测定分析，提出了在０．３５Ｔ磁场强度下大鼠移植性肝癌ＭＲＩ信号定量分析的模式和意义。提出：（１）大鼠移植瘤的Ｔ１值与正常肝组织Ｔ１值有较大重叠，诊断意义不大；（２）移植瘤Ｔ２值与正常厅组织Ｔ２值无重叠有诊断意义；（３）移植瘤Ｔ２ＷＩ－ＳＩＲ值亦具有诊断意义。建议各种不同磁场强度的机器可建立自己的定量分析标准。     

脊髓损伤后大鼠后肢运动功能恢复不同评分标准的比较

目的比较脊髓损伤(SCI)后大鼠后肢运动功能恢复的不同评分标准的优劣。方法40只SD成熟雌性大鼠随机分为正常组(Normal组)、急性脊髓中度损伤组(SCI组)及对照组(CON组),其中SCI组采用改良的Allen打击法,CON组仅行T10椎板切除术。术后1、2、3、4、6周观察大鼠后肢神经功能恢复的情况并记录结果。评价标准分别为:斜板试验评分、改良Tarlov评分及BBB评分。结果SCI组与CON组比较,斜板试验临界角度在1-6周时,均有所减小(P<0.05),尤以第1周时减少更甚(P<0.01);改良Tarlov评分第1、2、3、4周时,分值间的差别非常明显(P<0.01),第6周时,未见变化(P>0.05);而BBB评分各时间点的区分程度非常明显(P<0.01)。结论BBB评分对SCI模型运动功能评价具有明显优势,可作为今后研究的标准评分法。     

家犬腰椎牵拉损伤引起马尾神经功能改变的实验研究

设计了椎间松解及椎体外固定器固定的动物模型 ,通过调整外固定器长度 ,造成椎管内马尾神经牵拉损伤。当外固定器长度增大 2 cm时 ,马尾诱发电位( CESEP)的 N2 波幅度降低。动物清醒后出现 :1后肢运动与感觉障碍 ,神经功能评分明显降低。随牵拉强度增加 ,N2 波幅度逐渐降低并伴 CESEP图形畸变 ,直至最终消失。 2双后肢运动及痛觉丧失。神经功能评分减至 0分。故通过调整外固定器长度 ,可动态改变脊柱牵拉损伤程度 ,损伤程度与 CESEP及动物神经功能评分一致。该模型还有可排除 SEP假阴性或假阳性之突出优点。     

Apoptosis of lumbar spinal cord neurons in cauda equina syndrome rats

Objective To explore the law of apoptosis of lumbar spinal cord neurons in cauda equina syndrome (CES). Methods Cauda equina of rats was compressed by a piece of silica gel stick. From day 1 to day 28, the lumbar spinal cord specimens were harvested and assessed by Nissl's staining and TUNEL staining. Results Compression of cauda equina caused lesion and apoptosis of neurons in lumbar spinal cord, and the extent of apoptosis reached the peak on 7th day after compression. Conclusion Apoptosis of neurons in lumbar spinal cord might be one of the reasons why patients with CES get poor prognosis.     

神经细胞凋亡在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤延迟性瘫痪中的作用

目的研究细胞凋亡在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤发生延迟性瘫痪中的作用。方法将48只新西兰白兔随机分为2组:对照组(sham)和缺血再灌注组(IR)。参照并改进Zivin方法建立兔脊髓腰骶段缺血再灌注延迟性瘫痪模型,比较各组动物不同时间点后肢运动功能及病理形态学变化;采用原位末端脱氧核糖核酸酶转移介导的脱氧尿三磷酸(dUTP)标记法(TUNEL法)检测神经细胞凋亡水平。结果HE染色显示,再灌注8 h组神经细胞形态基本正常,结构清楚,灰质中有少量空泡,但神经元细胞结构完好;再灌注24 h组:灰质中前角神经元细胞破坏严重,空泡形成,无明显炎症细胞浸润;再灌注72 h组:灰质前角中大量空泡形成,尚残存数个结构清楚的运动神经元,有明显炎症细胞浸润;再灌注168 h组:灰质中运动神经元消失,残存数个固缩坏死神经元。TUNEL法染色显示,sham组及再灌注8 h后,仅见非特异性染色。再灌注24 h后出现大量阳性细胞,至再灌注72 h阳性细胞数量达到最高峰,主要分布在前角运动神经元。再灌注1周后,灰质结构破坏严重,仅有少量神经元幸存,但其阳性细胞平均积分吸光度值仍较对照组高。结论脊髓缺血再灌注后发生延迟性瘫痪时,神经元死亡的方式主要是细胞凋亡。     

MRI的FLAIR序列在颅内出血中的诊断价值

评价 MRI的液体衰减反转恢复序列 ( FLAIR)在颅内出血中的应用价值。方法　回顾性分析 2 8例颅内出血患者 MRI常规序列及 FLAIR序列图像表现。其中脑内出血 2 3例 ,合并蛛网膜下腔出血 1 2例 ,合并脑室出血 4例 ;硬膜下出血 3例 ;肿瘤出血 2例。全部患者均在发病后 3～ 1 0天内行 MR检查。结果　硬膜下出血 ,MR常规扫描及 FLAIR序列均可清晰显示 ,两者之间无显著差异 ;在鉴别亚急性期脑实质内出血是否为肿瘤出血时 ,FLAIR序列具有一定诊断价值 (血肿周围低信号环 ) ;FLAIR序列在显示急性蛛网膜下腔出血和脑室出血中明显优于常规 SE序列。结论　 FLAIR序列在显示急性蛛网膜下腔出血和脑室出血中 ,具有可靠的诊断价值 ;对确定肿瘤出血有一定的参考价值     

Assessment of levator hiatus by 3D ultrasound volume contrast imaging in normal nulliparas

The ability of 3D ultrasound volume contrast imaging in C-plane (VCI-C) in the assessment of female levator hiatus was analyzed in eighty normal nulliparas. Interoperator variability in levator hiatus measurements was analyzed. The comparison of the axial image of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and C-plane image of volume contrast imaging (VCI) in thirty normal nulliparas was also done. It shows that VCI-C can clearly demonstrate the structure and accurately quantitates the size of the levator hiatus. It is reliable, convenient and without contraindication in assessment of female levator hiatus. The technology opens up entirely new modality for assessing female pelvic floor. Foundation item: the Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau (No. 2008083)     

神经干细胞经脑室移植后在损伤脊髓的早期动态分布

目的观察神经干细胞经脑室移植后在损伤脊髓的早期动态分布。方法取转录有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因的孕16 d SD鼠胚脑海马组织,培养成神经干细胞球,注射到脊髓损伤鼠第四脑室,通过免疫染色和电镜,观察其在脊髓的存活、分化状况。结果移植细胞在脊髓表面形成细胞团,大多分布于损伤区头侧的腹、背侧两面。细胞团面积背侧小于腹侧;数目背侧多于腹侧,并于术后5 d达到高峰。这种分布和增殖形式见于损伤脊髓正常部分和无损伤脊髓(对照组)。1周时细胞侵入损伤区,分化并表达神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)。2~3周时与宿主细胞良好融合。结论通过脑脊液移植细胞对于损伤性脊髓进行干细胞移植是一种实用、有效的方法。