Dynamic Simulation and Performance Investigation of No-Frost Refrigerator: Part Ⅱ System Simulation and Performance Analysis

The methodology for modeling no-frost refrigerator is described based on the component models de-veloped in Part I, and then, system simulation is applied to a BCD-235W refrigerator-freezer (RF). Experiments are carried out to study "pull-down" and steady-state performance of the RF, and to determine how the exper-iment and simulation temperature stack up against each other. Good match is found between simulated and measured results for the "pull-down" period. For the steady-state period, the simulation results are also found to agree well with experiment ones except for the temperature profiles of the refrigerator compartment (RC) and freezer compartment (FC). The average temperature and the energy consumption errors between measurement and simulation are less than 10%. Although the model can not reflect the non-uniform air temperature fields in the RC and FC, the variation range and periodicities of the temperature correlate well between the simulation and experiment. We conclude that such a model is valid for investigating the performance of no-frost refrigerator.     

Simulation Modeling and Analysis of Operator-Machine Ratio

Introduction In recent years, labor cost in China is continu-ously and significantly increasing across industries.More and more companies, particularly semiconduc-tor companies, are taking strategies to cut labor costwithout impairing normal production. Operator-ma-chine ratio (OMR) denotes the maximum number oftools a laborer can operate. It is a measure of opera-tion efficiency of an operator and one of key factors toensure the competitiveness.The traditional static Excel model[1]involvin…     

Dynamic Simulation and Performance Investigation of No-frost Refrigerator: Part Ⅰ Mathematical Model

A dynamic approach for the modeling, simulation and analysis of no-frost Refrigerator (RF) is dis-cussed. In Part Ⅰ, the complex interactions among the components in the cooling system are analyzed in detail, based on which the modeling simplifications are proposed. Then, the mathematical models for the evaporator, cabinet and duct-fan are presented. The whole system is divided into two subsystems-refrigerant cycling system and air cycling system. In order to simplify the model, two closed-loop systems are broken into the compressor component and the evaporator component, respectively. A general distributed parameter model is employed for evaporator with homogeneous flow to simplify the two-phase evaporating flow region. The z-transfer function model is used to describe the cabinet load. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is employed to obtain the pressure drop and flow rate curve of the duct-fan model.     

Preparation of TiOx Films by Cathode Multi Arc Ion and Its Performance

Experimental Procedure Fig.1 shows the custom-made Cathode Multi Arc Ion equipment,which is made up of three pars:CCS (computer contral system,Fig.1′s left part),Vacuum Chamber (Fig.1′s middle part) and Air Pump parts (Fig.1′s right part).     

Simulation Research of the TOC-Based Cost Accounting Impacting on Organizational Performance

After introducing a new management philosophy called Theory of Constraints (TOC), Dr Eli Goldratt applied it to the field of accounting, and formed a new set of measures for cost accounting. These measures are Throughput Contribution, Inventory and Operating Expenses. This paper applied the constraint-based cost accounting to three kinds of strategies decisions including contraction, cost and market, and uses the Gedunken experiment to do a contrastive research between the cost accounting based on TOC and the full-absorption cost accounting. The experiment proves that the cost accounting based on TOC outperforms the traditional cost accounting, and greatly improves organizational performance.     

Performance Evaluation of List Sphere Detector

IntroductionThis paper aims to address two problems ithe design of“list sphere detector”(LSD)[1]insystem with no system-level iteration between thMIMO detector and the channel decoder. The firsproblem is how to reduce its complexity. Here it ishown that a much smaller list size can be used ithe soft output is approximated appropriately. Alist size of 40 is adequate for a 4× 4 16QAMVBLAST MIMO system. Compared to a 1 02long list used for the same system in Ref.[1], thilist size redu…     

Robust Stability and Performance Comparison of PID and PPI Control

Predictive PI (PPI) control form, capable of time delay compensation, has been put forward recently.This control algorithm is essentially a PI controller with enhanced derivative action, which is not only suitable for long time delay process, but also of simple structure and excellent robust stability. The performance of PPI controller was demonstrated and compared with that of traditional PID controller by different tuning methods.     

Performance of Adaptive Web Server with QoS Pre-estimate

The heterogeneity in the communicating terminals needs to be handled through software-supported adaptation. A QoS （quality of service） pre-estimation for user admission control and system load control is proposed. In the QoS pre-estimation, the content quality and wait time characteristics are combined together. The feedback control that acts as an adjuster of the input parameters of the pre-estimate module to improve the estimate accuracy is also described in detail. Test results show that the service quality control mechanism is effective, and the system capacity can be improved.     

Dynamic simulation and performance investigation of no-frost refrigerator: Part I mathematical model

A dynamic approach for the modeling, simulation and analysis of no-frost Refrigerator (RF) is discussed. In Part I, the complex interactions among the components in the cooling system are analyzed in detail, based on which the modeling simplifications are proposed. Then, the mathematical models for the evaporator, cabinet and duct-fan are presented. The whole system is divided into two subsystems—refrigerant cycling system and air cycling system. In order to simplify the model, two closed-loop systems are broken into the compressor component and the evaporator component, respectively. A general distributed parameter model is employed for evaporator with homogeneous flow to simplify the two-phase evaporating flow region. The z-transfer function model is used to describe the cabinet load. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is employed to obtain the pressure drop and flow rate curve of the duct-fan model.

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The Effect of Circulation Fan on Energy Consumption in Nature Convective Refrigerator-Freezer

The effect of the circulation fan installed in fresh food compartment on energy consumption of natural convective refrigerator/freezers (RFs) was experimentally studied. Five different RF models with different cycles were tested. The experimental results showed that the energy consumption of the single-loop cycle RF increased by 2.4%~3.8%, that of the bypass two-circuit cycle RF decreased by 1.0%, and that of the two-circuit cycle RF with its evaporators in parallel when the geometry parameters of refrigeration system and the refrigerant charge were not changed after the circulation fan was installed decreased by 3.3%. When the optimization on the refrigerant charge and the evaporator was carried out, the energy consumption of the single-loop cycle RF , the bypass two-circuit cycle RF and the two-circuit cycle RF with its evaporators in parallel, decreased by 1.0%~6.4%, 3.25% and 3.26% respectively. The present conclusions will provide a guideline to the optimum design for the RF with the circulation fan.     

A reconfigurable stamping die and its stamping process

A reconfigurable flexible poles die was developed. The die can be used to implement the process of “the multi-point pressing and forming sheet”. Sheet metal is restricted by the elastic pressing forces putting on the upper and lower surfaces of sheet in stamping process. The method is an effective way to enhance the buckling critical stresses and reduce wrinkling of sheet. The results of tests indicate that the die can achieve “one die brings multi-purpose” and suppress the wrinkle of sheet. The process of the multi-point pressing and forming sheet provides a practical and effective way for the curved sheet metal forming.     

双层集装箱平车动力学性能仿真分析

对中国首列25t轴重双层集装箱平车运用NUCARS2．3进行了动力学仿真分析，并与线路试验结果进行了对比。结果表明，预测的失稳车速是可靠的，车辆运行平稳性指标及车辆振动加速度的仿真结果和试验结果保持较好的一致性，曲线通过性能指标值比试验的结果偏小。该软件计算出的结果可以总结车辆系统悬挂参数对车辆动力学性能的影响趋势和规律，是可行的。     

冷板车运输货物时车内温度场数值模拟

采用商用有限软件对冷板车车内温度场分布进行了数值模拟，分析了冷板顶置方式时冷板车车内温度场分布规律．针对不同的用户要求分析了温度场分布．结果表明：在不同冷板布置位置和冷却时间条件下所得到的冷却效果完全满足用户要求．     

沥青混合料分子模拟技术综述

分析了沥青混合料分子模拟技术的基本原理、主要实现手段和模拟流程, 研究了沥青分子模型构建的2类主要方法, 总结了不同时期的沥青质结构模型与不同应用场合中的集料模型, 探讨了沥青扩散现象、外加剂对沥青性能的影响机理、沥青与再生剂的融合、沥青-集料的界面作用模拟影响因素以及水、沥青老化等因素对沥青-集料黏附性的影响等问题, 展望了沥青路面材料分子模拟技术的未来研究方向。研究结果表明: 分子模拟技术可以从微观角度探究道路工程材料的性能变化与内在机理, 为材料的精确设计和定量分析奠定基础; 分子组装法是目前沥青分子模型构建的重要思路, 能够有效表征沥青材料的物化和力学特性; 集料模型的构建思路主要是根据集料的化学成分来选择构建相关晶胞, 进而代表集料的宏观特性; 分子模拟技术动态展现了沥青的扩散过程, 体现了内部各组分的扩散速率; 利用分子模拟技术可以分析沥青自愈行为的过程, 并提出不同指标来表征了各个阶段的愈合速率; 借助分子模拟技术, 可以从微观角度解释和分析沥青内部组分和外加剂对沥青性能影响; 在沥青-再生剂融合研究中, 分子模拟技术可表征再生剂扩散深度、掺入时机与再生机理等问题; 在沥青-集料界面作用研究中, 分子模拟技术可表征材料的化学组成、加载模式、模型参数与界面接触等因素的影响; 水、温度与沥青的老化等因素将会对沥青-集料界面作用产生重要影响, 通过构建含水模型可将微观模拟与宏观试验联系起来。      

Feasibility study for the application of air inflated membrane structure in China National Stadium

China National Stadium, also known as “Bird’s Nest”, is the main stadium of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008, which has successfully held not only the Opening and the Closing ceremonies but also the track and field events. A new problem of rain preventing is brought out to improve the utilization of the Bird’s Nest after the Olympic Games. The scheme of installing an air inflated membrane at the opening of the steel structure is proposed in this paper to solve the rainproof problem of the Bird’s Nest. The form-finding and mechanical analyses of the air inflated membrane are carried out. Comparison between the mechanical performance and dynamical character before and after installing the air inflated membrane structure is given. To verify the analysis results, based on the practical structure of the Bird’s Nest, a test of a 1:20 model membrane is worked out.     

Research on vane end face of cam-rotor vane servo motor based on disturbing torque

Cam-rotor vane motor (CRVM) is one of the new continuous hydraulic servo motors with the characteristics of no pulsation of instantaneous flow rate and output torque, small volume and rotating inertia. It is one of the appropriate actuators for hydraulic servo system which has good dynamic and steady-state performance requirements. The ideal output torque of CRVM is pulseless, but the actual output torque of CRVM is pulsating. This is caused by the disturbing torque of contact components, especially the friction between vane and cam-rotor. In order to get better performance of CRVM, which means more stable output torque and smaller disturbing torque, we discuss four kinds of vane end faces (VEFs). Analytic formulae of the normal contact force and the disturbing torque caused by the vane are derived from systematical force analysis. The normal contact force and the disturbing torque vary through a period under different VEF, and the reduced oil pressure is simulated in this paper. The simulation shows that the VEF with the proper round and reduced oil pressure can significantly decrease the disturbing torque and get better servo performance. The experiment results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and simulation.