热挤压与退火处理后SiO2/Mg复合材料的织构研究

采用金相显微镜和XRD衍射技术对Si02/Mg复合材料微观组织和Mg基体的织构在热挤压和退火处理中的演化规律进行了分析.结果表明,SiO2/Mg复合材料在400℃挤压过程中发生再结晶,基体形成〈 1010 〉//ED纤维织构.经450℃×30 min退火后,{0002}极密度最大值由退火前的60提高到72,而{1010}和{ 1120}极密度最大值较退火前略有下降.     

Texture Development of a Cold-rolled CuZnAl Alloy

lIntroductionTheCu26Zn-5Al-0.7Ti(wt%)allOysareshaPeIneInOryalloys.PolytwstallineshaPempalloysareingeneralusedinengineeringaPPlicatons.TheshapempeffectsarecloselyrelatedwiththetextUresforthesing1ecrystalshavetheshmplyanisotrOPicPfOPetw[l-3].ItwasshownthatextUredshaPempal1oyspossessedthebettershaPememOryeffectsthannontextUrdones[4].Cu-basedallOystendeasilytOgrowintolnyegrainsinhotrolling,andarenosultabletocoldrollingbecausethe0PhasehasalowmalleabilityatroomtemperatUre.FortheCuZnAlal…     

Monte carlo model in metal recrystallization simulation

Some new advices are proposed for Monte Carlo model of recrystallization annealing simulation, including an additional recovery process, a new stored energy distribution, a more advanced nucleation model and a conversion probability of site orientation. Then a Monte Carlo model is established absorbing the above improvements, and used to isothermal annealing simulation of 1060 pure aluminum cold-rolled sheet. For contrast, a recrystallization annealing experiment of 1060 pure aluminum is carried out at the same time. The results show that the 1060 aluminum alloy in the annealing experiment produces obvious recrystallization, and the grain morphology of recrystallization is similar to isometric. The new model can effectively simulate the nonhomogeneous nucleation process and the microstructure evolution of 1060 industrial pure aluminum in annealing, and the simulated recrystallization kinetics curve is similar to the theoretical curve. The Avrami exponent coincides with the experimental result but is lower than the theoretical value of 2. As the Monte Carlo model does not consider the preferential growth orientation, some simulated results are not completely consistent with that from experiments.     

NOVEL METHOD FOR TEXTURE DISCRIMINATION USING WAVELETS

ＮＯＶＥＬＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＴＥＸＴＵＲＥＤＩＳＣＲＩＭＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＵＳＩＮＧＷＡＶＥＬＥＴＳ＊ＬｉｕＪｉａｎｆｅｎｇ（刘建峰）ＱｉＦｅｉｈｕ（戚飞虎）（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｒＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ，ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖ．）Ｊｏ...     

氮合金化HRB500E钢的静态再结晶行为试验研究

为了对相关热轧工艺制度的确定提供必要的理论依据,采用应力松弛法研究了氮合金化HRB500E钢的静态再结晶行为,运用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机分析了不同的应变量、应变温度、应变速率对试验钢静态再结晶的影响,并与普通的钒微合金化HRB500E钢进行了对比. 依据试验结果,以Avrami 方程为基础,建立了两种试验钢的静态再结晶动力学模型,并进行了静态再结晶分数曲线与模型预测值的对比检验. 研究结果表明,控制两种试验钢的应变量在0.4～1.0区间递增,应变温度在950～1 100 ℃范围内递增,应变速率在0.1～1.0 s?1范围内递增时,其t_0.5值（再结晶完成50%所需要的时间）均分别随之减少,再结晶速度加快;其中,应变量及应变温度对试验钢静态再结晶的影响较为显著,应变速率次之. 在应变条件相同的情况下,氮合金化HRB500E钢静态再结晶进程滞后于钒微合金化HRB500E钢. 检验结果表明,两种试验钢静态再结晶动力学模型预测结果与试验结果较吻合.      

表面结构特征的MOTIF评定与区域合并算法

表面结构在现代工程产品中发挥着越来越重要的作用,为了提取其特征,根据最新的区域表面结构国际标准,引人流域分割法,将表面结构进行划分,从而根据3D-MOTIF参数对表面结构特征进行表征.针对表面结构划分中的过度分割问题,提出了基于灰值预处理的区域合并算法,能有效合并表面上的过度分割的不重要的微小区域,从而进一步提取表面结...     

Simulation and analysis of microstructure evolution of IN718 in rotary forgings by FEM

A numerical analysis was performed to study the in?uence of process parameters on the microstruc-ture evolution of IN718 alloy in rotary forging using the finite element method(FEM).For this purpose, a constitutive equation considering the effects of strain hardening and dynamic softening of IN718 alloy was built.The constitutive equation and microstructure models were implemented into the finite element code to investigate the microstructure evolution during rotary forging subject to large deformations.The simulations were carried out in the ratio of initial height to diameter range 0.2-0.8, the angle of the rocker 3°-7° and the relative feed per revolution range 0.01-0.1 r-1.The research results revealed the deformation mechanism and the correlation of process parameters with the grain size evolution of IN718 alloy during rotary forging.These provide evidence for the selection of rotary forging parameters.     

基于表面构造的水泥混凝土道面抗滑模型

利用T10型测试车测试了某机场水泥混凝土跑道不同区段摩擦因数,利用照相法和特征描述法对道面不同尺度的构造进行了特征分析,基于测试结果,探讨了道面构造对其摩擦因数的影响规律,提出了基于构造特征参数的道面抗滑能力表达模型。根据对道面宏观、粗观和细观构造特征参数的相关分析,构建了基于构造特征的道面抗滑摩擦因数模型。研究结果表明:构造特征相近的道面,其构造深度为0.6～0.7cm时,摩擦因数为0.40～0.42;构造特征差异较大时,构造深度分别为0.70、0.78cm的区域,摩擦因数分别为0.43、0.75,构造特征对摩擦因数的影响不可忽视;基于道面构造特征的参数化分析,采用道面抗滑摩擦因数模型可定量分析旧道面抗滑性能。     

Microstructure Evolution of Different Forging Processes for 12％Cr Steel During Hot Deformation

Five forging experiments were designed and conducted to investigate the effect of process parameters on microstructure evolution during hot deformation for X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 steel.The experimental results indicated that average grain size became finer with the increasing number of upsetting and stretching.Especially,the size of stretching three times with upsetting twice had the most remarkable effect on refinement,and the size was only 27.36%of the original one.Moreover,the stress model was integrated into the software and finite element models were established.Simulation results demonstrated that the strain at center point of workpiece was far larger than critical strain value in each process,so that dynamic recrystallization(DRX) occurred in each workpiece,which implied DRX could occur for several times with the increasing number of upsetting and stretching,and uniform finer microstructure would be obtained.However,the results also showed that higher temperature was an unfavorable factor for grain refinement,so the times of heating should be limited for workpiece,and as many forging processes as possible should be finished in once heating.     

路面抗滑性能检测与预估方法综述

针对道路工程中路面抗滑性能检测与预估中存在的问题,分别从力学机理、检测方法、预估模型3个方面系统梳理了路面抗滑性能相关成果及进展;基于传统的库伦摩擦定律,阐明了路面抗滑性能的摩擦力学机理,从路面、轮胎以及接触环境3个方面总结了抗滑性能的影响因素;总结了抗滑性能的直接与间接测量方法,重点分析了路表纹理检测技术的难点以及测试数据的预处理方法;对比分析了抗滑性能预估的传统经验统计模型、力学模型以及机器学习等方法的优点与不足。研究结果表明:影响路面抗滑性能的因素众多,传统的摩擦理论难以描述橡胶与粗糙表面接触界面第三体的力学行为,因此,需要进一步研究具有润滑介质的接触界面摩擦机理;抗滑性能直接检测方法功能单一,成本较高,表面纹理的高速无接触自动化检测更加符合未来智能一体化检测需求,但高精度、大量程检测以及数据清洗仍是需要突破的瓶颈;相比现行的各类预估模型,经验统计模型及机器学习弱化了胎-路接触特性,导致预估模型缺乏扩展性;推行有限元仿真力学模型方法,有望进一步揭示复杂物理场下的摩擦机理,从而开发更精准、高效的路面抗滑预估模型。      

Influence of soaking temperature on microstructure of multi-pass compression deformation for low carbon steels

The influence of soaking temperature on microstructure of high temperature multi-pass compression deformation for two low carbon steels (steel A: w _C = 0.032% and w _Mn = 0.25%; steel B: w _C = 0.165% and w _Mn = 0.38%) is studied on the thermal-mechanical simulator in order to rationalize the hot-rolling schedule of low-carbon steel and to promote the low-temperature heating technology. The results show that the microstructures of steel A are almost not affected by reducing soaking temperature, but the acicular ferrite forms in steel B when the soaking temperature is reduced from 1 200 to 1 170°C, due to its smaller initial austenite grain size according to recrystallization kinetics theory.     

结构动力抗震可靠度理论的研究进展

从状态变量模型、基本变量模型和实用简化模型3个方面,对结构动力抗震可靠度理论的研究进展系统地进行了总结与评述.针对状态变量模型,结合随机振动理论,将随机振动分析方法分为两类:第1类是面向数字特征的方法,主要解决结构的随机反应从基本随机变量空间到状态变量空间的统计矩演化问题;第2类是面向概率密度的方法,主要解决结构的随机反应从基本随机变量空间到状态变量空间的概率密度演化问题.分别评述了两类方法中的代表性方法:等价线性化方法和概率密度演化方法.针对基本变量模型,分别总结了考虑系统参数随机性的结构动力抗震可靠度分析方法,以及将动力可靠度问题转化为静力可靠度问题的理论和方法,对近年来提出的尾部等效线性化方法、子集模拟法、等价极值法等进行了对比分析.针对实用简化模型,总结评述了3种方法:基于随机地震动模拟-确定性时程分析的直接方法、基于一致危险性反应谱和等效非线性体系的简化方法、基于可靠度简化解析表达式与数值模拟的半解析方法.最后,对新近提出的结构整体抗震可靠度理论及其存在的问题进行了归纳分析,并从地震作用的输入模型、主要失效模式的搜索、结构的破坏准则、结构失效模式的多重性、结构的整体极限状态方程等方面给出了研究建议.      

基于几何形态学影响的集料建模及评价方法

目前流行的数字集料建模技术效率和质量低,参数不可控且不能兼顾集料的形状、棱角、纹理等多个几何形态参数,导致难以有效在细观层面研究集料几何形态参数对颗粒复合材料综合性能的影响. 针对上述问题,首先,研究了单一集料几何形态特征评价,并给出一种评价集料表面微观纹理和集料系统的数学方法;其次,基于3D Max提出一种新颖的单一集料数字模型设计技术,创建了带有不规则形状、无序棱角和精细表面纹理的集料数字模型;最后,基于PFC 3D并采用“颗粒替换法”创建颗粒复合材料数字模型,进而分析了实物模型和数字模型空隙率差异,并给出解决空隙率差异的数学方法. 在此基础上,通过单轴压缩试验研究了集料几何学特性对颗粒复合材料峰值抗压强度的影响. 研究结果表明:1） 给出的集料纹理评价数学方法能量化集料微观结构,而集料系统评价数学模型拓展了集料几何形态学评价指标;2） 颗粒复合材料实物模型和数字模型空隙率存在较大差异;3） 集料的几何学特征能提高集料之间的咬合互锁效应,用不规则颗粒替换粒径 ≥ 2.36 mm的球形颗粒可使复合材料的峰值抗压强度提高20.7%.      

Computer simulation of microscopic stress distribution in complex microstructure using a phase field model

Microscopic stress distribution in a metallic material which has complex microstructure is simulated using a phase field model. The fundamental equations which take into account the coupling effects among phase transformation, temperature and stress/strain are used, while thermal effects are neglected to focus on the volumetric change due to phase transformation in this paper. A two-dimensional square region is considered, and the evolution of microscopic stress and the resultant residual stress distribution are calculated using the finite element method. As the phase transformation progresses and grains grow larger, stress is generated around the growing interface. When a grain collides with another one, specifically large stress is observed. Residual stress is finally distributed in the microstructure formed, and apparently large stresses are retained along the grain boundaries. Subsequently, dependency of the stress distribution on microstructure pattern is investigated. First, variously sized square grains are tested, and it reveals that the maximum stress tends to decrease as the grain size becomes smaller. Next, the shapes of the grains are varied. As a result, the stress distribution is remarkably affected, while the maximum stress value does not change so much. More complicated grain arrangement is finally tested with eight or nine grain models. Then, it is revealed as a common feature that large stress is generated along the grain boundaries and that the stress distribution is dependent on the grain arrangement.     

粗集料表面纹理曲线图形分形维数MATLAB算法研究

对粗集料表面纹理曲线采用MATLAB平台编程计算备轮廓线的分形维数，根据实测结果确认采用计盒维数法可靠并可行。粗集料表面纹理维数越大，则粗糙程度越复杂，因此为面层石料的优选提供了新的方法和指标。     

Residual Chart with Hidden Markov Model to Monitoring the Auto-Correlated Processes

Autocorrelations exist in real production extensively, and special statistical tools are needed for process monitoring. Residual charts based on autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models are typically used. However, ARIMA models need a quite amount of experience, which sometimes causes inconveniences in the implementation. With a good performance under less experience or even none, hidden Markov models (HMMs) were proposed. Since ARIMA models have many different performances in positive and negative autocorrelations, it is interesting and essential to study how HMMs affect the performances of residual charts in opposite autocorrelations, which has not been studied yet. Therefore, we extend HMMs to negatively auto-correlated observations. The cross-validation method is used to select the relatively optimal state number. The experiment results show that HMMs are more stable than Auto-Regressive of order one (AR(1) models) in both cases of positive and negative autocorrelations. For detecting abnormalities, the performance of HMMs approach is much better than AR(1) models under positive autocorrelations while under negative autocorrelations both methods have similar performances.     

Fractal studies on primary phase morphology of TA15 titanium alloy after hot compressive deformation

The goal of this study is to establish relationships between the hot compression deformation behaviors and the fractal dimension of primary phase morphology of TA15 titanium alloy using the analytical methods of metallurgical microscope and transmission electron microscope coupled with box-counting dimension method. The hot compression deformation behaviors vary with decreasing fractal dimension owing to the change of microstructure caused by different parameters of the hot compressive deformation. The results indicate that TA15 alloy shows dynamic recrystallization characteristics at deformation temperature lower than 850 °C while fractal dimension exhibits a moderate decreasing trend with the temperature increasing, and shows dynamic recovery characteristics at deformation temperature higher than 850 °C while fractal dimension reduces rapidly with the temperature increasing. The fractal dimension displays non-linear relationship with fraction of primary phase and with aspect ratio of primary phase.     

Static softening characteristics and static recrystallization kinetics of aluminum alloy A6082 after hot deformation

The static softening behavior of aluminum alloy A6082 was investigated by interrupted hot tests conducted on Gleeble-1500 simulator at deformation temperatures from 573 to 773 K and strain rates from 0.1 to 10 s⁻¹, with a pre-strain from 0.3 to 0.7 and variable inter-pass delay times. The offset method was applied to convert the changes in flow stress between two passes to static softening fraction. The microstructural changes were characterized by the quantitative metallography of quenched specimens. The results showed both static softening and static recrystallization curves exhibited a simple sigmoidal shape; the static softening is related to the static recrystallization in a nonlinear manner with 50% static recrystallized volume fraction corresponding to 80% static softening fraction; an increase in temperature, strain rate or pre-strain yields a decrease in the time for 50% static recrysallized volume fraction, on which the temperature has the most remarkable influence; Si and Mn additions accelerate the process of static recrystallization. Finally, the equations of static recrystallization kinetics of this alloy were developed with a good agreement between the predicted and experimental results.     

工业纯锆焊缝金相组织和力学性能

为了研究工业纯锆在焊缝不同区域的分布、金相组织和力学性能之间的关系,采用TIG方法焊接锆R60702工业纯锆板对接焊缝,采用光学显微镜、电子探针和显微硬度计等仪器,分析焊缝母材区、热影响区、熔合区和焊缝区的金相组织、机械性能和元素分布特性.研究结果表明:对接接头各区域的组织不同,母材区的晶粒为等轴状,呈面织构;不完全重结晶区的晶粒亦为等轴状,而且更细于母材晶粒,因而强度、塑性优良;过热区的晶粒则较粗大;焊缝区组织为铸态晶粒,形状为纤维状;对接接头各区的元素分布较为均匀,没有明显的偏析现象;焊接接头的硬度呈W型分布,最高硬度分布在焊缝区达到290 HV50 g,最低硬度分布在不完全重结晶区,达到162 HV50 g,过热区则介于母材区与焊缝区之间.      

基于帧缓存的多角度影像精细纹理映射方法

三维建筑物模型纹理映射方法通常针对单独平面选取单一影像投影,然而单张关联影像通常存在部分遮挡问题,影响纹理映射质量. 为此,本文提出一种基于帧缓存纹理绘制技术的多角度影像精准纹理映射方法. 首先将单体化精细建筑模型和倾斜摄影测量解决方案生成的三角网模型配准,再根据建筑模型空间特征进行纹理绘制基元提取;然后根据纹理绘制基元对三角网模型生成虚拟渲染相机,利用帧缓存纹理绘制方法,获取帧缓存对象并提取纹理,最后通过纹理绘制基元映射到精细建筑物模型表面,实现三角网模型到精细单体化建筑模型的自动纹理映射. 利用倾斜摄影测量数据进行实验,实验结果表明,相比传统方法,本文方法减少了14%以上的不良纹理比率,纹理空间压缩率达到14.21%,且具有更精确的纹理映射效果,能满足精细建筑模型的纹理重建需求.