水平旋喷桩在地铁暗挖隧道施工中的应用

文章阐述了水平旋喷桩的加固原理及特点、水平旋喷桩的试验、超前预加固及施工方法.水平旋喷桩在深圳地铁大剧院～科学馆区间取得了良好的效果.     

深圳地铁区间隧道软弱围岩超前预加固施工技术研究

深圳地铁大剧院站-科学馆站区间隧道在流塑状粘性土等不良地质条件下穿过,需采取超前预加固措施.通过对水平旋喷桩和冻结法超前预加固的技术特点和施工方案进行比选,最终选择了水平旋喷桩法.文章介绍了水平旋喷桩的施工技术及应用效果.     

公路施工中高压旋喷桩技术的应用

高压旋喷桩技术具有安全性高、适用范围广、施工噪音小、桩身强度高等其他技术无法比拟的优势。鉴于此,介绍了高压旋喷桩技术的使用范围和加固机理,并结合实践经验,介绍了高压旋喷技术在公路工程施工中的应用,提出了保证高压旋喷技术应用水平的措施。     

水平旋喷桩预支护在软弱黄土隧道中的试验研究

为提高软弱黄土隧道地基承载力,针对研究项目洞口段围岩的特点,提出水平旋喷桩预支护方案.经计算分析,参考水平旋喷桩在其它工程项目中的应用情况.初步确定水平旋喷桩加固体的直径、长度、纵向间距等.结合围岩地质条件,采用不同的灰水比、注浆压力、钻机提升速度等施工控制参数开展大规模现场成桩试验.对所有成型桩体直径、长度、3 d及28 d强度进行检验.由检验结果调整预设计参数,得出了水平旋喷桩设计控制指标、施工工艺参数.工程应用表明,采用水平旋喷桩超前支护技术具有较强的适应性和可操作性,提高了软弱黄土地区公路隧道围岩稳定性和地基承载力,可为软弱黄土地区公路隧道的设计与施工提供借鉴.     

水平旋喷加固体的成桩机理与直径分析研究

介绍了水平旋喷加固体的成桩机理与成桩直径的理论分析,通过双液水平旋喷现场试验实测,得出水平旋喷加固体成桩直径及质量与相关施工参数的关系。     

加筋旋喷桩在基坑支护中的效应分析

在旋喷桩中置入型材以提高旋喷桩的抗弯刚度,达到防水和支护的效果,对于解决基坑支护桩施工时场地狭小、上空界限不足是一种有效办法。文章结合工程实例,应用FLAC-3D对旋喷桩中置入双排钢管的形式进行了模拟,分析了基坑土体水平位移情况,并通过加固方式的模拟,发现加固坑底土体比加固基坑两侧土体对基坑水平位移抑制效果更明显。     

旋喷桩在黄土隧道地基加固中的应用

旋喷桩地基处理是加固黄土隧道软土地基的较新方法,通过大有山湿陷性黄土隧道地基处理施工技术的介绍,对旋喷桩法加固黄土隧道软土地基进行进一步探讨。     

高压旋喷桩在梨树塔隧道湿软黄土加固中的应用

高压旋喷桩技术具有很多优点,比如施工比较简单、容易操作、加固地基的效果明显、使用的时间长、工期比较短等,所以其应用越来越多。结合相关实例,分析了高压旋喷桩在梨树塔隧道湿软黄土地基加固中的应用,以供同行参考。     

旋喷桩加固技术在某隧道风积砂地层中的应用

风积砂具有结构松散、粘聚力小、抗剪强度低等特点,在外力作用下极易松散变形.文章介绍了在某隧道风积砂地层中,采用常规长管棚注浆加固方案存在掌子面漏砂严重、变形难以控制以及施工进度缓慢等不足;提出通过在地表采用竖直旋喷桩加固洞周围岩、在洞内采用水平旋喷桩进行超前支护,能防止漏砂、有效控制变形并提高施工进度.现场监控量测结果表明,采用长管棚注浆加固方案引起的隧道拱顶沉降值、周边收敛值分别是采用旋喷桩加固方案引起拱顶沉降值、周边收敛值的6.5倍和3.6倍;两方案工期相比,前者是后者的1.9倍.这说明采用旋喷桩加固风积砂,对控制隧道变形、提高施工工期,优势是非常明显的.     

高压水平旋喷桩超前支护技术在铁路隧道工程中的应用

文章介绍了高压水平旋喷桩的机理、特点、施工工艺、国内外应用情况及工程实例,提出了在隧道与地下工程中采用高压水平旋喷桩作为超前支护的适用条件及技术发展建议。     

Bicycles in large cities in China

Bicycles are a main means of transport in China. This paper discusses several aspects of the current situation and future policy, including the production of bicycles, their possession and utilization in typical large cities, the reasons for their importance in communication, the advantages and problems of bicycle traffic, and two different opinions on solving the existing problems. The paper also deals with road design for bicycles and their regulation in China's cities.     

Travel choices in alcohol-related situations in Virginia

Transportation - Using survey data from 3004 respondents aged 21 and older in Northern Virginia, Richmond, and the Tidewater area, this paper identifies factors associated with respondents’...     

Parking policies in large cities in Germany

This article deals with highly motorized large West German cities of about 200,000 inhabitants and more, which usually provide reasonable public transport systems. Illegal parking with shares of about 40 to 50% of the total parking is widespread in the parking problem areas of those cities, especially in the inner-city residential and mixed-use areas. Parking spaces are demanded by residents, employees, customers and visitors, and by delivery and service traffic. The different characteristics of parking demands by different user groups are discussed. The total parking supply consists of public and private spaces. The share of private spaces is about 40 to 50% of the total parking spaces in German cities. The amount of car traffic generated by a parking space depends on parking duration and parking turnover, as well as on search traffic. So the change of a space from long-duration use of an employee to short-duration of customers — as often discussed in parking concepts — generates at least five-fold car traffic. The measurements and effects of parking control of public spaces as well as the parking regulations in zoning ordinances, restrictions on the construction of new private parking spaces and park-and-ride are discussed. Finally, a parking concept methodology — using the example of Frankfurt am Main — is discussed.     

Role of transport in rural development in Africa

Rural Africa is starved of transport services. The transport routes run towards the export enclaves and the coast.

The political, social and developmental rural transport benefits are discussed. Rural transport will help (i) integrate the country and ease its governance; (ii) widen markets; (iii) induce increased agricultural output, through new technologies, reduced transport costs, etc. The transport cost savings should be passed on to rural firms and producers. The paper warns against their accruing only to middlemen — agricultural parastatals inclusive, thereby stifling the benefits to production. This could happen under some forms of pan‐territorial pricing. Negative aspects of road development, e.g. the substitution of local goods by imports, increased migration and noise, are noted.

The place and role of project appraisal in rural road planning is acknowledged. The broad‐based development packages approach associated with Integrated Rural Development Projects has, despite its attractions, some pitfalls. It favours well established villages and ignores distribution benefits within villages.

Project appraisal can be used to justify socially uneconomic transport developments. However, rural road investment projects with immediate negative returns are unlikely to be funded. Given clear priorities, short of elaborate cost/benefit analysis, obvious road investments choices can be made by the local community. Greater public accountability of transport planners and peoples’ participation in determining rural transport needs and priorities is emphasized. Increased rural road maintenance especially through self‐help schemes and increased use of traditional modes of transport, e.g. walking, animal and water transport, is recommended.     

Changes in transport risk perception in urban populations in Norway from 2004 to 2013

Urban populations transport risk perception is interesting because it is associated with travel mode choices and use. This study investigates changes in transport-related risk constructs in the urban population in Norway in 2004 and 2013, and describes whether people perceive private or public to be associated with the highest risk. The results are based on self-completion questionnaire surveys conducted in two independent representative samples living in the same urban areas in 2004 (n?=?592) and 2013 (n?=?1035). Overall, the respondents perceived the risk as lower in 2013 than in 2004. For both time periods, people consistently assessed the risk constructs related to private motorized transportation as higher than corresponding risk in public transportation. The findings suggest that while transportation risk perception in urban populations may change over time, the pattern that private motorized transportation is associated with a higher perceived risk than public transportation remains stable.     

Logistics opportunities in Asia and development in Taiwan

The economy in Asia is growing rapidly. As a consequence, transportation and communication technologies and the changing needs of customers and shippers have resulted in Asian and Taiwan's logistics being in transition. This paper discusses why logistics changes, and explores the opportunities for Asian logistics development. The issues of logistics perspectives of private sectors in Taiwan are then raised. Finally, logistics development in Taiwan is described.     

Mapping minibuses in Maputo and Nairobi: engaging paratransit in transportation planning in African cities

ABSTRACT

Often called paratransit because of their flexible stops, schedules and routes, minibuses make up the bulk of public transport in African cities. Despite their ubiquity and importance, these systems are poorly understood by transportation planners who tend to focus on large-scale urban infrastructure projects such as highways, commuter rail or bus rapid transit systems. The assumption within much of this planning is that these minibus systems are barriers to change and will become at most secondary “feeder” buses within large-scale projects, but structured plans detailing this vision are lacking. This paper argues that frequent failure to collect data and value important paratransit systems as a critical part of transportation in their own right is deeply problematic from the point of view of equity, access and inclusive and effective planning. We ask whether the growing number of bottom up mapping projects of minibus systems can disrupt this status quo. By comparing two mapping projects, Digital Matatus in Nairobi and the Mapa Dos Chapas in Maputo, we find that inclusive, collaborative mapping can help render these minibuses more visible in planning and provoke more grounded and inclusive “planning conversations” on multi-modal integration, passenger information and minibus upgrading, all key but relatively marginalised aspects of creating accessible, low emission, high quality and safe public transport in African cities.     

Passenger rail in North America in the light of developments in Western Europe and Japan

Because of different geo‐demographic and economic conditions, the impact of the new passenger modes (road and air) on rail travel was much larger in North America than in Europe. In 1960s and 1970s, as the railway share of intercity traffic in North America shrunk to a negligible one or two percent, the passenger trains were abandoned by private railway companies and taken over by state organizations, which have continued to operate traditional trains and generate mounting losses. On the technology side, no attempts have been made to improve competitiveness of trains vis‐a‐vis automobiles and airplanes.

In Europe and Japan, the railways responded to the challenge by (i) upgrading the performance (speed) and comfort of traditional trains operating on existing tracks and (ii) developing trains which could, on short and intermediate range distances, compete successfully, in terms of speed and economy, with the road and air modes. The Japanese (Shinkansen trains) and French (TGV trains) experience clearly shows that trains operating on dedicated lines at average speeds of 150 to 200 km/hr provide a superior transportation service and economy on high‐traffic intercity routes of up to about 500 km length. In this paper the factors responsible for the present status of passenger rail in North America are analysed, the current policies in the U.S. and Canada are evaluated in the light of experience to date and developments abroad, and suggestions for a long‐term passenger rail policy are made. This includes examination of (i) the viability of continued subsidization of traditional train services, (ii) the viability of operation of faster trains on existing tracks, (iii) the scope for introduction of modern, fast trains on dedicated lines in high‐density, intercity corridors, (iv) the application of fast trains as access to major airports and integration of airports with fast intercity lines, and (v) the impact of energy (oil) consumption in transportation.

     

土工合成材料在国外路基加筋中的应用研究

文章总结回顾国外土工合成材料加筋路基力学机理、试验研究及设计方法研究现状,通过对现有路基加筋设计方法进行比较,指出现有土工合成材料加筋设计方法的不足,并就今后需进一步研究的领域提出建议。