改扩建路面设计方案研究

路面改扩建设设计是实现完善交通路面建设的重要环节,对交通改扩建工作质量及进度有着重要的作用。文章分析了改扩建路面的交通特征,并结合工程实际,提出了改扩建路面的设计方案与施工注意事项。     

沥青路面不平整原因

路面的平整度作为评价路面使用性能的一个重要指标,它不仅影响着车辆行驶的安全性和舒适性,也对道路本身功能的发挥有比较大的影响,在交通工程建设中发挥了极大的作用.就沥青路面不平整度的成因进行分析.     

影响高速公路交通安全的道路因素分析

针对高速公路交通的特点,从高速公路的设计、建设与使用等方面分析了道路线形及其组合、道路路面、交通环境对道路交通安全的影响。     

交通土建工程项目中的路基路面施工技术研究

在交通土建工程项目建设中,路基路面施工技术对于工程质量有着重要影响。文章以榆靖高速公路路基路面施工实践为例,对交通土建工程项目中的路基路面施工技术进行探讨。     

半刚性基层裂缝成因分析及防治对策

在路面交通荷载重复作用下,半刚性基层的干缩裂缝和收缩裂缝会扩展到沥青路面面层,形成反射裂缝.路面裂缝不仅影响路面美观、降低平整度,而且影响路面的使用寿命.针对半刚性基层裂缝成因进行分析,并且从设计、施工和养护等方面采取相应的对策,来减少或延缓裂缝的发生.     

钢盖板临时路面体系在上海地铁7号线常熟路站中的应用

为尽量减少明挖法施工地铁车站在施工期间对现状地面交通的影响,上海地铁7号线常熟路站借鉴日本地铁车站施工中采用的较为成熟的钢盖板临时路面体系施工经验,结合本站的具体特点,采用了一种改进了的盖挖法施工钢盖板临时路面体系.文章全面介绍了该体系的设计,对今后类似工程有一定参考价值.     

破碎压实技术在旧水泥混凝土路面改建中的应用

旧水泥混凝土路面加铺改造沥青混凝土路面是旧水泥路修复改造的一种重要方法,但沥青加铺层反射裂缝问题一直没有解决,严重影响了沥青加铺层的使用寿命;水泥混凝土路面破碎压实技术是修复严重损坏水泥路面的一项新技术,具有工程造价较低,施工方便,对交通影响小的优点,同时能有效地防止反射裂缝的发生,为新建路面提供良好的行车性能.     

基于AASHTO规范的旧水泥路面破坏评价方法分析

水泥混凝土路面是我国高等级路面结构型式之一,对我国经济发展与交通建设起到了重要作用。旧水泥混凝土路面的评价也是道路工作者一直进行研究的问题,结合旧水泥路面改造对我国评价方法与AASHTO规范方法分别进行了评价,通过两种方法对旧水泥路面进行了评价,综合确定水泥路面的破坏状况。     

旧水泥混凝土路面评定及加铺方案分析

文章以广西某公路大化段为研究对象,通过对路面状况的全面调查、检测、评定,分析该道路的未来交通发展需求,并从施工周期、交通组织影响等方面,研究其路面加铺改造设计方案,以期为广西其他类似水泥混凝土路面的改造工程提供理论依据。     

SBS改性乳化沥青在公路路面养护中的运用问题分析

通过结合实际,对SBS改性乳化沥青在公路路面养护中的运用问题进行分析。首先阐述公路路面影响因素,而后从SBS改性乳化原材料控制、试验路段施工、拌和改性沥青与运输摊铺碾压施工等环节,对公路路面养护SBS改性乳化沥青应用需要注意的问题进行讨论,目的在于提高公路路面养护水平,促进交通事业的不断发展。     

Long-memory characteristics of urban roadside air quality

Carbon monoxide is a major contributor to air pollution in urban cities, particularly at the roadside. Hourly, monthly and seasonal mean carbon monoxide concentration data are collected from a roadside air monitoring station in Hong Kong over 7-years. The station is a few metres from a major intersection surrounded by tall buildings. In particular, hourly patterns of concentrations on different days of the week are investigated. The data show that hourly carbon monoxide concentrations resemble the traffic pattern of the area and tend to be lower in the summer. Using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models shows that the daily traffic cycle strongly influences concentrations. Further, it is found that urban roadside carbon monoxide monitoring data exhibits a long-memory process, suggesting that a model incorporating long memory and seasonality effects is needed simulate urban roadside air quality.     

Influence of coordinated traffic lights parameters on roadside pollutant concentrations

The paper examines the effects of coordinated traffic lights on CO and C₆H₆ roadside concentrations in an urban area of Palermo in Southern Italy. Traffic loop detectors and one pollution-monitoring are used to collect data for use in DRACULA traffic microsimulator software. CO and C₆H₆ roadside concentrations associated with varying cycle and offset times of the coordinated traffic lights are estimated using a neural network. Two functions were set up describing the relations of pollutant concentrations in term of cycle and offset time.     

公路网规划中关于城镇化问题的思考

公路交通可以有效地引导和促进城镇化的发展,在规划公路网的时候,一定要动态的、全局的考虑城镇化的发展规律。在满足公路交通需求的同时,要尽可能减少过境交通对未来城镇市内交通的干扰,最好采用切线方式连接公路和小城镇。在规划城镇路边建筑的时候也要尽量减少对公路的干扰,建议采用平行的和纵深发展的辅路的方法连接路边建筑和公路,减少了对公路的干扰,并且有利于新城镇的规划建设。     

A scenario on the evolving road service informatics in Europe

Road Transport Informatics is being developed to improve road transport. Telecommunication links will connect microcomputers in vehicles with roadside beacons and traffic control centers. Drivers can get better information and guidance en route. If these functions are charged as services rather than sold as products, a better traffic can be obtained. This can improve traffic safety, efficiency and the environment.     

Queuing simulation of roadside survey station: Blocked traffic lane

External station travel surveys provide critical inputs to travel demand models. The results from these models are frequently used for statewide planning purposes. Although a roadside survey is very effective in obtaining useful information from road users, its major drawback is the excessive delay that is imposed onto road users particularly on high-volume facilities. In this paper, we used a discrete event simulation to model a blocked traffic lane survey, which is usually conducted for two-lane undivided highways. This type of survey station requires a complete stop of all oncoming traffic. Non-surveyed traffic has no ability to go around and thus has to wait in a queue in order to proceed through the survey station. Road users’ impacts are quantified in terms of delay and queue length while the performance of surveyors is measured by the number of surveys completed per unit time. Sensitivity analyses of simulation inputs reveal that simulation results are fairly insensitive to selected parameters. The results in this study provide a quick and useful guideline that roadside surveyors can use to estimate the road user impacts prior to the survey and to plan the survey procedure accordingly.     

Assessment and prediction of the impact of road transport on ambient concentrations of particulate matter PM10

The main challenge facing the air quality management authorities in most cities is meeting the air quality limits and objectives in areas where road traffic is high. The difficulty and uncertainties associated with the estimation and prediction of the road traffic contribution to the overall air quality levels is the major contributing factor. In this paper, particulate matter (PM₁₀) data from 10 monitoring sites in London was investigated with a view to estimating and developing Artificial Neural Network models (ANN) for predicting the impact of the road traffic on the levels of PM₁₀ concentration in London. Twin studies in conjunction with bivariate polar plots were used to identify and estimate the contribution of road traffic and other sources of PM₁₀ at the monitoring sites. The road traffic was found to have contributed between 24% and 62% of the hourly average roadside PM₁₀ concentrations. The ANN models performed well in predicting the road contributions with their R-values ranging between 0.6 and 0.9, FAC2 between 0.6 and 0.95, and the normalised mean bias between 0.01 and 0.11. The hourly emission rates of the vehicles were found to be the most contributing input variables to the outputs of the ANN models followed by background PM₁₀, gaseous pollutants and meteorological variables respectively.     

Accurate and cost-effective traffic information acquisition using adaptive sampling: Centralized and V2V schemes

The new generation of GPS-based tolling systems allow for a much higher degree of road sensing than has been available up to now. We propose an adaptive sampling scheme to collect accurate real-time traffic information from large-scale implementations of on-board GPS-based devices over a road network. The goal of the system is to minimize the transmission costs over all vehicles while satisfying requirements in the accuracy and timeliness of the traffic information obtained. The system is designed to make use of cellular communication as well as leveraging additional technologies such as roadside units equipped with WiFi and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) dedicated short-range communications (DSRC). As opposed to fixed sampling schemes, which transmit at regular intervals, the sampling policy we propose is adaptive to the road network and the importance of the links that the vehicle traverses. Since cellular communications are costly, in the basic centralized scheme, the vehicle is not aware of the road conditions on the network. We extend the scheme to handle non-cellular communications via roadside units and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Under a general traffic model, we prove that our scheme always outperforms the baseline scheme in terms of transmission cost while satisfying accuracy and real-time requirements. Our analytical results are further supported via simulations based on actual road networks for both the centralized and V2V settings.     

Using grey system theory to evaluate transportation effects on air quality trends in Japan

Japan’s Air Pollution Control Law signed in 1968 prescribes the maximum permissible limits of motor vehicle exhausts as well as establishing mechanisms for monitoring air pollution In this paper, the grey relational grade of air pollutants from ambient air pollution and roadside air pollution monitoring stations is used to look at the relationship between air pollution and transportation. The results indicated that the ambient and roadside air quality increased by rose from 1975 to 2004 but less fast than the growth in traffic. Some of this may be attributable to the legislation but there have also been other measures since 1968 that have also contributed.     

A study of the influence of severe environmental conditions on common traffic congestion features

On the basis of real traffic and environmental data measured on German freeways, we studied common features of traffic congestion under the influence of severe weather conditions. We have found that traffic features [J] and [S] defining traffic phases “wide moving jam” (J) and “synchronized flow” (S) in Kerner's three‐phase theory are indeed common spatiotemporal traffic features. The quantitative parameters for both traffic phases [S] and [J] were investigated in a comparison of “ideal” weather conditions (good visibility and no precipitation) and severe weather situations (icy road, wind, precipitation, etc.). We showed spatiotemporal congested patterns in several space–time diagrams based on the Automatic Tracking of Moving Jams/Forecasting of Traffic Objects (ASDA/FOTO) model reconstruction for roadside detectors. A statistical study of traffic phase [J] parameters was presented, showing the average values and standard deviation of the quantities. Similarities and differences were analyzed, and some consequences for vehicular applications were discussed to cope with severe weather conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal subwork zone operational strategy for short‐term work zone projects in four‐lane two‐way freeways

Roadside trees in Singapore are regularly trimmed for the purpose of traffic safety and roadside tree‐trimming project is one typical type of short‐term work zone projects. To implement such a short‐term work zone project, contractors usually divide an entire work zone into multiple subwork zones with the uniform length. This paper aims to determine an optimal subwork zone strategy for the short‐term work zone projects in four‐lane two‐way freeways with time window and uniform subwork zone length constraints. The deterministic queuing model is employed to estimate total user delay caused by the work zone project by taking into account variable traffic speeds. Based on the user delay estimations, this paper proceeds to build a minimization model subject to time window and uniform length constraints for the optimal subwork zone strategy problem. This paper also presents a variation of the minimization model to examine the impact of unequal subwork zone length constraint. Since these minimization models belong to the mixed‐integer non‐differentiable optimization problems, an iterative algorithm embedding with the genetic simulated annealing method is thus proposed to solve these models. Finally, a numerical example is carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.