蒙西华中铁路基础设施维修模式与生产力布局研究

蒙西华中铁路维修模式与生产力布局是影响建设投资与运营成本的重要因素。基于提升基础设施维修效率、降低维修成本、提升公司效益的目标,通过对国内外铁路维修模式的比较,结合重载铁路特征,研究了蒙西华中铁路基础设施维修模式,设计了组织机构与布局方案,提出了大中修模式、天窗设置模式与救援列车生产力布局方案,为蒙西华中铁路建设期设备设施合理配置与运营期养护维修管理提供技术支撑。建议蒙西华中铁路采用综合维修模式,按照站区一体化的管理方式设计组织机构,大中修建议以委外模式为主,天窗设置为240min左右垂直天窗,救援列车可选择委托救援方案和自建救援体系方案。     

齿轨旅游交通车辆小型化需求及总体方案研究

为推动国内山地旅游轨道交通发展,提升齿轨旅游交通系统生命力,助力交旅融合大发展。基于对国内山地旅游交通工程地形特征、环境特点、客流等级、投资模式等工程特点的分析,提出满足国内齿轨旅游交通小运量、高环保、低造价需求的车辆小型化目标,并对车辆小型化总体方案进行研究。通过理论分析、类比研究、数值计算等手段,对齿轨车辆轨距、车体尺寸、轴重、编组等关键指标展开研究,提出两种小型化车型及相关指标的取值建议,可为后续工程设计提供参考。     

无缝线路500m长轨施工控制技术

铁路铺轨施工是铁路建设中的一个关键环节,新建线路一次性铺设长钢轨的应用越来越普及,研究与应用新型高效的现代化铺架机械和施工技术以及科学的组织与管理方法成了必然趋势。轨道的高平顺性对提高运营质量效果显著,少维修和免维修轨道对提高运营效益作用巨大。500m长钢轨的铺设技术难度大,对设备和工艺要求高,焊接质量、无缝线路的应力放散和锁定等都是一个较新的课题。为解决500m长轨无缝线路施工技术问题,本文详细阐述了500m长轨的铺设、焊接、放散与锁定等关键技术问题,为解决长轨无缝线路施工技术问题提供技术参考。     

幸福向肯尼亚内陆延伸

<正>10月16日,肯尼亚内罗毕至奈瓦沙标轨铁路首班列车发车,标志着公司承建的肯尼亚内罗毕—马拉巴标轨铁路(内马铁路)一期工程正式建成通车。内马铁路是蒙内铁路延长线,是东非铁路网的重要组成部分,也是肯尼亚2030年远景规划的旗舰项目,将大幅提高当地运输效率,带动沿线经济社会发展。     

基于分类分级体系的铁路基础设施养护维修策略优化方法

我国铁路规模不断扩大，运行速度不断提高，运输任务不断增加，对铁路基础设施养护维修质量和管理水平提出了更高要求。考虑到铁路作为开放复杂系统，运营与维护直接受到沿线环境影响，本文从列车速密重、运输组织、基础设施类型、沿线自然环境等维度出发，构建一种系统性铁路分类分级体系，并提出基于分类分级体系的铁路基础设施养护维修策略优化方法，为铁路基础设施养护维修向精细化方向发展提供支撑。     

基于熵权-Topsis的市域铁路与城市轨道交通贯通模式选择研究

市域铁路与城市轨道交通贯通运营能够充分发挥轨道交通整体效益，降低换乘站压力，提升旅客服务水平。针对市域铁路与城市轨道交通贯通运营形式，本文提出城轨单向贯通、市域单向贯通以及双向贯通三种贯通运营模式并分析。考虑线网性能、服务水平、投资成本、运营组织四种影响因素，基于熵权-Topsis法，建立多时段市域铁路与城市轨道交通贯通运营模式综合评价模型。最后以重庆市市域铁路江跳线与轨道交通五号线为案例，利用三种不同分布特征的客流进行研究，综合得出优选模式为市域单向贯通模式，与实际情况一致，验证了模型的准确性，为多种制式轨道交通贯通运营研究和发展提供理论参考。     

铁路工务线路养护常见问题与对策分析

铁路养护管理要求铁路工务线路养护工作必须有高质量的水准,并在不断加强铁路工务线路管理工作的同时,有效提高铁路工务线路工作的安全度及可靠性。鉴于此,阐述了我国铁路工务线路养护维修的基本概况,全面分析了铁路工务线路养护中存在的各种问题,并提出了一系列提高铁路工务线路养护管理水平的相关措施,以期为我国建立全面的铁路工务养护管理体系提供参考。     

我国铁路发展钢铁物流的问题与对策

阐述了钢铁行业生产和销售、流通体系建设以及未来发展趋势,从服务质量、运力、综合费用等方面分析铁路在钢铁物流存在的问题,从钢铁物流发展模式、定价机制、履行合同、加强货场改造和转型以及人才培养几方面提出铁路发展钢铁物流的建议。摘要:     

城市悬挂式单轨铁路邮票话趣

在城市轨道交通中,架空的独轨构成的铁路称为单轨铁路(monorail),其中按车辆行走的状态可分为悬挂式和跨座式两类,这期先谈有关悬挂式铁路及其纪念邮票。     

以改革的“最大红利”抓发展的“最大机遇”——中国交通运输2013新焦点

"十二届全国人大一次会议通过方案中,对交通运输部所确定的职能有一个很重要的表述,就是要统筹规划铁路、公路、水路、民航发展,加快推进综合交通运输体系建设。"2013年3月10日上午,十二届全国人大一次会议通过《国务院机构改革和职能转变方案》,方案提出"不再保留铁道部"、"实行铁路政企分开",批准组建国家铁路局,负责拟订铁路技术标准、监督管理铁路安全生产、运输服务质量和铁路工程质量等。原铁道部政府职责划归交通运输部管理,企业职责由新组建的中国铁路总公司     

Determinants of modal choice in freight transport

In the next few years, exciting developments in the field of freight transport are likely to occur. The Channel Tunnel will be perceived as giving railways much greater distance of operation, compared to the current train ferry to/from Great Britain. The further development of swap-body technology will allow easier modal transfer and the creation, in 1992, of a single market in Europe will transform the pattern of trade. All of these are likely to have significant impacts on modal choice, and hence modal split, in freight transport. Reappraisal by many firms of the modes of transport used is likely but will it result in a net transfer of freight from road to rail and, if so, to what extent? To answer such questions, an accurate and reliable method of predicting modal split is required. Research in the past has concentrated on the development of modal split models based on generalised costs. These fail to explain adequately the prevalence of road freight in the UK. From surveys of freight managers within industry, it is clear that models to date rely too heavily on the economic cost factor and too little on behavioural factors (Jeffs 1985). This paper derives from a recent study of freight transport modal choice from the standpoint of the transport decision-maker within the firm. It attempts to shed light on the actual parameters which should be incorporated into a modal split model. Many variables appear to exert an influence on modal choice decision-making process. However, it is possible to categorise them into six main groups, namely: customer-requirements; product-characteristics; company structure/organisation; government interventions; available transport facilities; and perceptions of the decision-maker him/herself. It is the interactions and inter-relationships between these which ultimately determine freight modal split. This study has shown that the relationship between the outcome of the transport decision process and the values of particular determinants of modal split is not straight-forward, due to the complexity and variety of interactions involved. Perhaps one of the main reasons for researchers' failure hitherto to develop a successful modal-split model has been the preoccupation with techniques that rely on the development of common metric (e.g. generalised cost), which has led to the exclusion of some important explanatory variables along quite different dimensions. Another important issue concerns the appropriate level of aggregation. In order not to reduce the explanatory power of the key variables, it is important to work at a disaggregate level, although this does make substantial demands on data. The use of factor analysis enables both the aggregation of information without loss of behavioural reality and the specification of variables in terms of a common metric. In conclusion, freight transport has usually been examined within too narrow a framework. It must be placed firmly within the context of the total industrial process. The demand for freight transport is directly influenced by the level, composition and geographical distribution of production and consumption activities. Freight flows are complex and so it is highly unlikely that a universal mode-choice model can ever be developed. Future research should, therefore, be directed towards developing partial models in response to specific needs of those involved in decision-taking in the freight sector.     

站场完整性管理技术研究

管道完整性管理技术已经基本实现了工业化应用,然而站场完整性管理作为管道系统完整性管理的一部分还没有引起足够的重视,但是站场完整性管理很重要。介绍了基于资产完整性管理（AIM）的站场完整性管理技术概念及特点;接着对比了国内外的发展差距,重点介绍了站场完整性技术核心方法;最后指出了国内开展站场完整性管理发展的方向。     

Crash analysis at intersections in the CBD: A survival analysis model

Enhancing the safety level of urban roads especially in CBDs is paramount. Due to a large number of intersections in what is usually a grid road system in the CBDs, we investigate crashes occurring in and around an intersection. The question of interest in this study is: does the nature of crashes at intersections differ from those of the roads at midblock? Stated more precisely, considering the intersection as a reference point, does the distance to the reference point (i.e. midblock locations on the roads) correlate with different types of crashes compared to that of the intersection? A right answer can lead traffic engineers and safety auditors to propose different safety measures at intersections and the midblock locations. As a pilot study, we collected the last 9 years crash data of the CBD of Melbourne, Australia. For the first time, we employ Survival Analysis models -including Exponential, Weibull, and Log-logistic- to investigate a space-dependent phenomenon (i.e. accidents at proximity to the intersection). Of the outcome, highlights are: (i) police presence at busy intersections during busy night outs and weekends highly improves the pedestrian safety (ii) raised crossings at midblock locations lower likelihood of crashes of pedestrians as well as cars, (iii) lighting conditions at intersections must be watched and kept at a high level. (iv) Severity, likelihood, and location have no known association with the level of congestion. In other words, safety is first, always and everywhere. The results can be of interest to traffic authorities and policy makers in reinforcing traffic calming measures in the cities. The codes developed in this study are made available to the research community to be used in further studies.     

Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility

A mathematical model is developed in this paper to improve the accessibility of a bus service. To formulate the optimization model, a segment of a bus route is given, on which a number of demand entry points are distributed realistically. The objective total cost function (i.e. the sum of supplier and user costs) is minimized by optimizing the number and locations of stops, subject to non‐additive users' value of time. A numerical example is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method thus developed to optimize the bus stop location problem. The sensitivity of the total cost to various parameters (e.g. value of users' time, access speed, and demand density) and the effect of the parameters on the optimal stop locations are analyzed and discussed.     

Productive efficiency and ownership of urban bus services

The established ownership mix of urban bus operations in Australia provides a unique opportunity to investigate the productivity differences between public and private bus service supply. Using duality theory in economics which links economic indices of factor productivity to the cost structure of a firm, we develop empirical measures of total and partial productivity of inputs, and adjust the differences for the effects of ownership status and operating environment. The evidence supports the notion that private supply of public passenger transport in general has performed more efficiently in the past than public supply, although the differences in productivity need not continue in the future.     

Governing autonomous vehicles: emerging responses for safety,liability, privacy,cybersecurity, and industry risks

ABSTRACT

The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks, and explore emerging responses by governments for addressing AV risks. Our analyses reveal that, thus far, governments have in most instances avoided stringent measures in order to promote AV developments and the majority of responses are non-binding and focus on creating councils or working groups to better explore AV implications. The US has been active in introducing legislations to address issues related to privacy and cybersecurity. The UK and Germany, in particular, have enacted laws to address liability issues; other countries mostly acknowledge these issues, but have yet to implement specific strategies. To address privacy and cybersecurity risks strategies ranging from introduction or amendment of non-AV specific legislation to creating working groups have been adopted. Much less attention has been paid to issues such as environmental and employment risks, although a few governments have begun programmes to retrain workers who might be negatively affected.     

Quality indicators and capacity calculation for RoRo terminals

Abstract

Road freight transportation has increased dramatically over recent years along with its impacts such as congestion, noise, and pollution. As a result, European and US governments have started policies to promote alternatives to road transportation, such as logistic chains containing a Short Sea Shipping (SSS) link. Road is, by definition, a more flexible means of transportation than shipping, which is usually cheaper. Therefore, to move traffic to SSS chains, it is necessary to provide fast, frequent, and reliable maritime transportation. In this sense, roll-on/roll-off (RoRo) vessels are the most convenient ships to be used, since they have smaller dwell times in port and, therefore, this is a kind of traffic likely to increase dramatically. The foreseeable increase of this kind of traffic must meet with an increase in the actual capacity by means of either improvement in performance and possible enlargements of existing terminals or the construction of new terminals. In that sense, this paper proposes a simple methodology to calculate the capacity of a RoRo terminal, whether already in operation or during its design process, and relate it to some quality standards by means of quality indicators, which should lead to the definition of Levels of Service similar to those already used in roads and airports. The paper ends by applying the methodology to a real terminal in Barcelona, Spain.     

Use of a novel dataset to explore spatial and social variations in car type,size, usage and emissions

The ’MOT’ vehicle inspection test record dataset recently released by the UK Department for Transport (DfT) provides the ability to estimate annual mileage figures for every individual light duty vehicle greater than 3 years old within Great Britain. Vehicle age, engine size and fuel type are also provided in the dataset and these allow further estimates to be made of fuel consumption, energy use, and per vehicle emissions of both air pollutants and greenhouse gases. The use of this data permits the adoption of a new vehicle-centred approach to assessing emissions and energy use in comparison to previous road-flow and national fuel consumption based approaches. The dataset also allows a spatial attribution of each vehicle to a postcode area, through the reported location of relevant vehicle testing stations. Consequently, this new vehicle data can be linked with socio-demographic data in order to determine the potential characteristics of vehicle owners.This paper provides a broad overview of the types of analyses that are made possible by these data, with a particular focus on distance driven and pollutant emissions. The intention is to demonstrate the very broad potential for this data, and to highlight where more focused analysis could be useful. The findings from the work have important implications for understanding the distributional impacts of transport related policies and targeting messaging and interventions for the reduction of car use.     

Patchwork in an interconnected world: the challenges of transport networks in Sub-Saharan Africa*

Sub-Saharan Africa has recently undergone, or still do in many countries, a period of transport infrastructure expansion. Current policies are centred on the development of international links, which require large capital-intensive projects and are sometimes economically dubious. This paper reviews the past policies and transport functions since colonial times by placing them in their economic and political context. We find that present strategies have similarities to the ones prevailing in previous periods, where expansion phases dominated by transport-led economic growth theories were followed by a stagnation of Africa’s infrastructure development. In view of the challenges in translating findings from empirical research into right policies, we identify the potential of more balanced and sustainable strategic investments, notably by reinforcing the existing secondary transport networks converging into urban centres.