Demand for buses in Japanese medium sized cities

The number of bus passenger has been decreasing in Japan since 1969. The increase in car ownership and development in urban rapid rail network has deprived bus service of passengers. The bus industry has suffered from depression for the last twenty years. However, many bus routes are still operated commercially. The amount of external subsidies is not large. The industry is under strict regulation. The common way for bus operators has been to increase fares rapidly in order to keep their break even condition. The first half of the paper describes present circumstances of the bus industry in more details. Then the second half of the paper treats the estimation of the effect of each factor on bus demand by using pooled data in Japanese medium sized cities. The results suggest that the increase in car ownership has had a crucial effect on local public transport demand and is likely to continue to do so.     

An individual information system for visualizing the bus and subway network

The system described in this paper allows the user to visualize the Montreal transportation system. The user is provided with several different maps.

The complete subway network and all regular bus lines have been included. The subway network and the bus lines can be selectively displayed. The most attractive feature of this system is the possibility of obtaining all possible routes between two different places. The input is based on the menu technique.

The system can be easily adapted to other large urban transportation systems.     

N80钢CO2腐蚀缓蚀剂筛选及性能评价

文中采用高温高压反应釜借助腐蚀挂片失重法测试了油田常用咪唑啉类和炔氧甲基季铵盐型两种不同类型的缓蚀剂在饱和CO2油田采出液对N80钢的缓蚀行为,分析了缓蚀剂的溶解、分散性,采用扫描电镜对腐蚀后表面形貌进行了观察。研究结果表明：在两种缓蚀剂中,炔氧甲基季铵盐型缓蚀剂溶解性高于咪唑啉型,而炔氧甲基季铵盐IMC-871GH1型缓蚀剂可以集优异溶解和分散性于一体。腐蚀形貌测试结果反映出缓蚀剂在材料表面均匀覆盖程度直接影响材料点蚀行为,添加炔氧甲基季铵盐型缓蚀剂试样表面致密度高于咪唑啉型缓蚀剂,点蚀倾向小。     

The effect of age and technological change on motor vehicle emissions

The paper outlines the basic effects of aging and technological substitution of motor vehicles on their air emissions. The analysis is facilitated with the aid of an existing model that simulates the internal dynamics of vehicle populations and performs emission calculations. The renewal rate of vehicles is modeled and associated uncertainties are demonstrated. The sensitivity of the system to specific age and technological parameters is examined. The impacts of emissions deterioration, implementation of inspection and maintenance programs and introduction of cleaner fuels are studied.     

Area-wide urban traffic control: A Bee Colony Optimization approach

The paper describes a new method of optimizing traffic signal settings. The area-wide urban traffic control system developed in the paper is based on the Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) technique. The BCO method is based on the principles of the collective intelligence applied by the honeybees during the nectar collecting process. The optimal (or near-optimal) values of cycle length, offsets, and splits are discovered by minimizing the total travel time of all network users travelling through signalized intersections. The set of numerical experiments is performed on well-known traffic benchmark network. The results obtained by the BCO approach are compared with the results found by Simulated Annealing (SA). It has been shown that the suggested BCO approach outperformed the SA.     

An integrated model for quantifying accessibility-benefits in developing countries

The interaction between accessibility and rural development is a subject of current concern. The degree of accessibility determines the ability of individuals to participate in development and other social activities. The paper describes the development of a numerical method for quantifying accessibility-benefits suitable for application in developing countries. The methodology provides an integrated approach to analysing accessibility by considering all constraints faced by individuals, particularly their income. The method can be used to evaluate different accessibility-enhancing strategies, and to quantify the benefits derived by different groups of individuals under various states of socio-economic development in rural areas of developing countries. The application of the accessibility-benefits model is demonstrated using two hypothetical case studies featuring the effects of improving intermediate means of transport and improving temporal strategies. The purpose of the case studies is to demonstrate how different accessibility-enhancing strategies can be related to the key model parameters, and to show the likely magnitude of the benefits, in monetary terms, that can be attained by individuals with different income levels.     

厦蓉高速巫帮隧道围岩变形监控量测与分析

文章结合厦蓉高速贵州境巫帮隧道现场工程地质和隧道开挖情况，制定了详细的隧道围岩监测方案，确定了班场量测的内容、项目与方法，提出了围岩稳定判别标准。并通过对隧道典型断面的拱顶下沉量、周边位移收敛量及地表沉降位移的监测数据的分析．阐述了闭岩变形发展变化规律和产生的原因。     

智能型阀门电动执行机构控制器的研制

介绍了一种具有新型的阀门电动执行机构的智能控制器的设计与开发。该控制器采用DSP作为主控制单元,采用矢量控制策略控制感应电动机,组成了一个集本地控制、远程控制、状态指示等功能于一体的智能系统,适用于各类工业控制阀。     

Mobile taxi booking application service’s continuance usage intention by users

The long-term development of a mobile booking taxi application service depends on the continued use of its passengers. The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of the mobile taxi booking application service’s continuance intention, using the technology continuance theory by including the perceived risk and subjective norms. The data were collected by surveying 387 users of the mobile taxi application service. The data were analysed by applying the partial least squares technique. The analysis showed that the technology continuance theory has extensive power to explain the continuance intention to use the mobile booking taxi application. Subjective norms also have a significant effect on the attitude of mobile booking taxi application users which represents an important contribution to technology continuance theory extension. The theoretical and practical significances of the study have been discussed.     

LNG工程保冷层施工

保冷层施工是LNG工程建设的关键技术之一,合适的保冷结构和施工工艺可以提高LNG系统运行的安全性和经济性。通过比较常用保温材料的性能及优缺点,确定了适合LNG管道的保温材料。介绍了LNG系统的保冷层结构及作用。分别论述了LNG运输系统中的直管线、弯头、法兰、阀门等不同部位的保冷层施工工艺,还分析了LNG系统运行过程中保冷层存在的失效风险,并提出了相应的改进建议。     

Y型过滤器流动与阻力特性数值模拟分析

文中利用CFD软件,结合多孔介质模型对Y型过滤器进行了数值模拟研究,并与实验结果做了对比分析。得到了过滤器流动特性及不同部位压降情况,分析了滤网堵塞率对压降的影响规律,并提出了减小过滤器压力损失的建议方法。研究表明,Y型过滤器压降主要发生在入口滤座区、滤网区和滤芯环形间隙区,其中滤网区压降最大。滤网堵塞程度对压降影响很大,超过50%时压降快速增大。     

往复压缩机管道振动的消减

针对一台往复压缩机管系振动十分强烈的情况,进行了振动测试,并用ANSYS软件计算管系的结构固有频率、气柱固有频率、压力脉动和振动幅值,分析确定了管系振动的原因是共振,提出了采取增加支撑改变管系结构固有频率的减振措施。模拟计算结果表明减振效果明显。     

Design and evaluation of dynamic traffic management strategies for congested conditions

This paper presents a procedure for dynamic design and evaluation of traffic management strategies in oversaturated conditions. The method combines a dynamic control algorithm and a disutility function. The dynamic algorithm designs signal control parameters to manage formation and dissipation of queues on system links with explicit consideration of current and projected queue lengths and demands. The disutility function measures the relative performance of the dynamic control algorithm based on preset system performance goals. The user may statically select the management strategy, or alternatively the system may be instructed to set off different management schemes based on predefined performance thresholds. The problem was formulated as one of output maximization subject to state, control, and traffic management strategy choices. Solutions were obtained using genetic algorithms. Four traffic management plans were tested to show the capabilities of the new procedure. The results show that the procedure is able to generate suitable signal control schemes that are favorable to attaining the desired traffic management goals. The results showed that multiple, or hybrids of single measures of effectiveness may need to be examined in order to correctly assess system performance. The procedure has potential for real-time implementation in an intelligent transportation system setting.     

Impacts of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on time use and travel behavior: a structural equations analysis

The objective of this paper is to contribute an empirical study to the literature on transportation impacts of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT). The structural equation model (SEM) is employed to analyze the impacts of ICT usage on time use and travel behavior. The sample is derived from the travel characteristic survey conducted in Hong Kong in 2002. The usage of ICT is defined as the experience of using e-mail, Internet service, video conferencing and videophone for either business or personal purposes. The results show that the use of ICT generates additional time use for out-of-home recreation activities and travel and increases trip-making propensity. Individuals at younger age or with higher household income are found to be more likely ICT users. The findings of this study provide further evidence on the complementarity effects of ICT on travel, suggesting that the wide application of ICT probably leads to more, not less, travel. The study also demonstrates the importance of considering the interactions between activity and travel for better understanding of the nature and magnitude of the impacts of ICT on time use and trip making behavior.     

双肢薄壁高墩大跨度连续刚构桥抗震性能分析

大跨度高墩连续刚构桥是跨越深山沟或江河的一种广泛的结构形式,其地震作用下的响应与中小跨径混凝土梁桥有所不同,本文以福建省沈海复线福鼎贯岭至柘荣段桐山溪特大桥(104+200+104 m)为工程背景,采用有限元分析软件Midas/civil构建有限元模型,进行结构特征值分析及地震作用下的反应谱分析,得到桥梁在地震作用下的动力响应,并研究了双肢薄壁墩墩间联系梁对大跨度连续刚构桥抗震性能的影响。     

气凝胶型海洋保温管道

随着深水和超深水领域勘探作业的开展,对于保温材料的耐高温性能、导热性能以及保温管道系统的总传热系数指标提出了更高的要求.气凝胶型海洋保温管道就是在这种情况下产生的.文中简要介绍气凝胶型管中管海洋保温管道的结构与构成,主要讨论气凝胶海洋保温管道系统中气凝胶保温材料、中心定位器、防水封堵器以及支撑架的作用.详细介绍气凝胶型...     

Evaluation of transfer methods for spatial travel demand models

The main goal of the research was to compare alternative methods of spatial transfer as a function of sample size. The study was based on the mobility surveys conducted in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area in 1995 and in the Turku region in 1997. The Helsinki Metropolitan Area data base was used to estimate the models that were to be transferred. The data base in the Turku region represents the application context to which the estimated Helsinki Metropolitan Area models are transferred. The transfer procedures examined were Bayesian updating, combined transfer estimation, transfer scaling, and joint context estimation procedures. To explore the impact of sample size on transferring performance, model transferability was tested using six different sample sizes. The model transferability was examined by comparing the transferred models to the models estimated using the entire set of the data which can be regarded as the best estimate representing “the real situation”. The results indicated that joint context estimation gives the best prediction performance in almost all cases. In particular, the method is useful if the difference in the true parameters between the two contexts is large or only some of the model coefficients are precise. The applicability of joint context estimation can be improved by viewing the coefficients as variable-oriented and emphasizing precise and imprecise coefficients differently.     

An optimization model for integrated transit-parking policy planning

The optimization model proposed in this paper is aimed to assist city councils (or other transport authorities) in the planning of integrated transit-parking policies. The objective is to minimize the joint operating deficit of the transit and parking operators while ensuring given minimum levels of (motorized) mobility in a city. The key decision variables are transit fares and parking fees. The impact of price changes on transit and car modal shares are described by logit functions of the generalized travel costs. The practical utility of the model is illustrated with a case study involving a midsize city in Portugal.

     

漏磁检测技术在管道检测中的应用及影响因素分析

阐述了漏磁检测的原理,介绍了基于漏磁原理的检测系统组成,以及在长输管道及工业管道检测中的工程应用。详细分析了漏磁检测技术的主要影响因素。指出国内漏磁检测技术领域与国外存在较大差距。国内管道内检测已进入立法阶段,相关标准的初稿已基本完成,未来漏磁检测技术将在维护管道安全生产上发挥越来越重要的作用。     

A new shared vehicle system for urban areas

The paper concerns the conceptual design of a transport system for pedestrian areas. The proposed transport system is based on a fleet of eco-sustainable Personal Intelligent City Accessible Vehicles (PICAVs). The vehicles are shared through the day by different users and the following specific services will be provided: instant access, open ended reservation and one way trips. Referring to the proposed transport system, a new methodology to optimise the fleet dimension and its distribution among the stations is proposed in this paper. The problem faced is an optimisation problem where the cost function to be minimised takes into account both the transport system cost and the user costs that depend on the waiting times. A random search algorithm has been adopted. Given a fleet dimension and its distribution among the stations, the waiting times of the users are assessed by a microscopic simulation. The simulation model tracks the second-by-second activity of each PICAV user, as well as the second-by-second activity of each vehicle. The overall methodology has been implemented in an object-oriented simulator. The proposed transport system has been planned and simulated for the historical city centre of Genoa, Italy.