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文中研究受采空沉陷区地表移动影响下埋地管道的变形特征,建立煤矿区采动沉陷油气管道的有限元仿真计算模型,对管线方向与工作面推进方向不同夹角开采的影响进行研究,分析了管道的力学行为及变形演化规律,结果表明:夹角为90°工况下管道受地下煤层开采的影响最小,为采空区管道的设计、建设提供参考。 相似文献
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以香炉山输水隧洞为研究对象,利用小尺度物理模型试验和数值模拟手段,开展走滑断层错动作用下铰接式隧洞衬砌错断响应特征、破坏形态和错断破坏机制研究。对比分析有无采用铰接设计的隧洞在走滑断层错动条件下的衬砌破坏特征、整体变形和细部破坏形态,系统研究衬砌结构的纵向位移和纵向应力变化趋势,以及包括弯矩、轴力、剪力在内的纵向内力分布规律,揭示穿越走滑断层隧洞错断破坏机理,剖析铰接式隧洞衬砌抗错断机制。研究表明:(1)在走滑断层的错动作用下,断层带附近衬砌应变较大,易发生屈服破坏;(2)断层错动作用使得主动侧隧洞衬砌产生纵向裂纹,随着错动量的增加,纵向裂纹逐渐演变成环形裂纹,衬砌发生隆起破坏,同时衬砌截面形状变为椭圆形;(3)铰接式衬砌破坏主要集中于断层错动面附近,表现为衬砌节段之间发生大角度转动和断层带内变形缝压剪破坏。 相似文献
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文章采川三维有限元数值模拟研究了偏压连拱隧道不同施工顺序下拱顶下沉、中墙稳定性及初期支护受力特征.研究结果表明,先开挖浅埋侧时,拱顶沉降较小,中墙在施工中的稳定安全系数较大、弯矩较小,初期支护受力较大;对于浅埋偏压连拱隧道,围岩变形及中墙在施工中的稳定性控制更为重要.所以,从有利于围岩变形、中墙稳定性控制以及中墙受力的角度出发,宜采用先开挖浅埋侧的施工方法. 相似文献
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地震时,考虑海底管道与土介质的相互作用,对将跨断层海底管道作为薄壳结构时的断层位错反应进行分析计算.利用Ansys分析软件,将管道模型简化为四节点薄壳单元结构, 土介质简化为弹塑性弹簧,建立管土相互作用的有限元分析模型,进行分析计算.根据计算结果以及海底管道屈曲校核准则描绘出管道破坏等级范围分布图.最终得出结论:地震时在大位移断层运动作用下,海底管道存在明显的屈曲变形,在屈曲变形较大处,海底管道发生断裂. 相似文献
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文中系统回顾了穿越活动断层埋地管道研究的历程,并分析比较了各种方法的特点、适用范围与不足,通过采用Newmark-Hall法和Kennedy法对管道应变进行了计算,并分析了不同参数对管道应变的影响程度,考虑埋地管道安全性以及建设的经济性,建议埋地管道敷设时以50°~80°穿越断层、管道埋深控制在1 m以内,最后针对当前的研究现状,提出对今后穿越活动断层埋地管道研究的建议和看法。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress. 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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In India pedestrians usually cross the road at mid-block crosswalks due to ease of access to their destination or the development of adjacent land use types such as shopping, business areas, school and residential areas. The behaviour of pedestrian will change with respect to different land use type and this change in behaviour of pedestrian further reflects change in perceived level of service (LOS). So, it is important to evaluate the quality of service of such crossing facilities with respect to different land-use type under mixed traffic conditions. In this framework, pedestrian perceived LOS were collected with respect to different land-use type such as shopping, residential and business areas. The ordered probit (OP) model was developed by using NLOGIT software package, with number of vehicles encountered, road crossing difficulty as well as safety considered as primary factors along with pedestrian individual factors (gender and age), land-use type and roadway geometry. From the model results, it has been concluded that perceived safety, crossing difficulty, land-use condition, number of vehicles encountered, median width and number of lanes have significant effect on pedestrian perceived LOS at unprotected (un-signalized) mid-block crosswalks in mixed traffic scenario. The inferences of these results highlights the importance of land use planning in designing a new set of pedestrian access facilities for unprotected mid-block crosswalks under mixed traffic conditions. Also the study results would be useful for evaluating pedestrian accessibility taking into account different land-use type and planning required degree of segregation with vehicular movement at unprotected mid-block crosswalk locations. 相似文献
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管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一(各因素的分值范围都是0~100分),为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。 相似文献