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当天然气管道中混有砂粒时,弯管易受冲蚀而使其壁厚减薄。为此,以国内某含砂气田输气首站内的工艺管道为例,采用Fluent软件对弯管的冲蚀磨损特性进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明:在正常输气工况下,弯管外拱的下部为其冲蚀磨损集中区,且最大局部减薄量为0.4 mm/a。另外,弯径比的增大会扩大弯管的冲蚀磨损集中区范围,同时使其最大冲蚀磨损速率减小;内径的增大不会改变弯管的冲蚀磨损集中区分布,但会造成其最大冲蚀磨损速率减小。研究结果可为后续进一步研究弯管的冲蚀磨损防护措施提供参考。 相似文献
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天然气水合物(NGH)是一种严重影响天然气管道安全运行的结晶化合物。目前,国内外对于处理以及防止天然气水合物的生成形成了一套成熟的技术,在实际应用中需要根据管道运行的实际情况,同时结合管道具备实施解堵措施的条件进行解堵,这些解堵方法在实际应用中得到了良好效果。文中主要介绍了几种解堵技术在管道解堵中的应用情况。有效的天然气管道防冰冻、解冻堵技术研究,能够为天然气管道的安全稳定运行提供技术保障。 相似文献
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柔性管道与普通钢管相比,在抗腐蚀性和铺设速度等方面有许多优势,其在海洋石油行业的应用广泛。以实际生产项目为例,介绍了海底柔性管道作为油气混输管道时的安装方法和过程。海底柔性管道将逐步应用于深海油田开发领域,为今后海底柔性管道在深海的安装和应用提供参考。 相似文献
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开展水土流失监测是水土保持监管的重要手段。文章以广西沿海高速公路改扩建工程一期工程水土保持监测实践为例,分析了工程建设水土流失特点,介绍了水土保持监测技术和方法,并通过对工程实例监测结果的分析评价,提出了水土保持监测工作中易出现的问题及相应的解决方案。 相似文献
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Caspar G. Chorus 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2012,46(7):1003-1012
This paper studies to what extent the Logsum-measure of user benefits relates to travelers’ perceptions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. Knowing these relations is important since researchers have recently started to analyze and interpret user benefits in general – and Logsums in specific – in terms of these more behaviorally oriented notions, rather than in terms of expected utility. Participants to a stated route choice experiment were asked to indicate, after each choice made, to what extent they considered the choice set to be desirable, or to what extent they were satisfied with the chosen alternative. These measurements were correlated with Logsums that were computed for each choice situation. In addition, the paper derives a regret-based Logsum (which gives the expected regret of a choice situation) and presents a comparison with its utilitarian counterpart. Also for this regret-based Logsum, correlations with desirability- and satisfaction-ratings are computed. As a general finding, it appears that all computed correlations are rather weak. This suggests that, at least in the context of our data, the utility-based Logsum and its regret-based counterpart appear to have only a fairly weak connection with the behavioral notions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. 相似文献
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通过研究汽车与船舶的油耗特点,结合燃油种类与CO_2排放量的关系,建立了计算公路运输与水路运输单位耗油量与单位CO_2排放量的数学模型。通过敏感性分析,研究车速或航速与载货率对车辆或船舶单位CO_2排放量的影响。以从厦门港到盐田港的干散货运输为例,做了节能减排计算分析,并将结果与用其他方法获得的结果对比。在此基础上,对公路运输与水路运输节能减排做了敏感性分析研究,可以计算出能够体现水路运输节能减排优势的临界货运量。结果表明本文中介绍的方法能够为核算、比较公路运输与水路运输的节能减排效果提供更科学的量化参考。 相似文献
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Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands. 相似文献
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隧道及地下工程结构防排水技术的发展和应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文章总结了大瑶山隧道修建以来其复合式衬砌结构防排水试验研究和应用情况,介绍了塑料防水隔离层的防水机理及各种防水型式的优缺点,提出了改进建议. 相似文献
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