呼应“三年决战”促进路运并举——专访黑龙江省运输管理局局长梁旭

记者：现在黑龙江全省道路运输业存在着哪些难题？我们运管部门做了哪些工作？ 梁旭：现在全省客运面临油价高企的难题，农村客运发展的难题，以及城市客运向周边辐射、客运业面临利益重新分配的难题，城市公交和出租之间的矛盾难题，需要不断的磨合，逐步完善。     

求解BWRS方程中压缩因子的数值方法

介绍了求解BWRS状态方程中压缩因子的数值方法,在求解方面重点介绍了弦截法.对计算方法和求解方法进行对比,找到了求解BWRS状态方程中压缩因子的简便快捷途径,给出了详细的求解过程;并结合计算实例对结果进行了分析,得出运用推荐的计算压缩因子的算法具有使用简单快捷、精度高等特点的结论,给工程实际计算带来了方便.     

国内最大索道用承载索生产装备及技术

超长度索道用钢丝绳是钢丝绳生产企业的一个难题。宁夏恒力钢丝绳股分有限公司设计制造的K-8／1650成绳机及相关生产技术的应用，解决了超长度索道用钢丝绳的国产化难题，提高了索道用钢丝绳的使用寿命。     

西部城市与亚洲开发银行在城市发展领域的合作

利用亚洲开发银行贷款,促进西部城市基础设施建设的发展,是解决西部城市发展资金难题的有效办法。     

破解新港区规划开发难题的思路及对策

本文从实际工作出发,梳理当前新港区开发中的各种难题,提出破解难题的思路及相应建议.     

“以树养路”举措在百色农村公路的实践

经费短缺一直是农村公路养护中的“瓶颈”难题，文章介绍百色农村公路通过建立以树养路的管养模式，利用公路边坡有效的坡面面积，种植速生桉等经济林木，破解农村公路养护经费短缺的难题，实现了“有路必养”的目标。     

浅析广西在建高速公路行业管理难题及对策

文章针对广西在建高速公路行业管理遇到的难题,分析存在难题的原因,从搭建监管工作平台、明确监管工作任务、建立行业监管体系、健全行业监管依据、创造良好的工作环境、推行工程项目管理信息系统应用、建立行业管理信息平台和制定价格变化联系机制等方面提出了解决难题的相关对策。     

埋地热油管道正向预热过程的计算与分析

埋地热油管道预热过程是一个不稳定传热过程,埋地热油管道启输过程的土壤温度场是一个沿管道横断面（径向和切向）与轴向的三维非稳态传热问题。通过分析埋地热油管道的几何特性,考虑了沿轴向预热介质温降对土壤温度变化的影响,对埋地热油管线正常运行和正向预热过程时的数学模型进行了适当的简化和处理,并且对正向预热时土壤蓄热量进行了计算,还利用数值计算的方法进行了求解,得到了油温在轴向和径向上的变化规律,在求解数学模型时,对某一断面处的土壤部分的温度场应用有限差分法求解。     

大型稀疏方程组的解法在输气管数值计算中的应用

在输气管道水力、热力计算的数值解法中 ,通常会遇到求解大型稀疏线性化方程组的问题。该类问题的雅克比矩阵(系数矩阵)为稀疏矩阵 ,特别大 ,元素分布也非对称或呈带状 ,因而采用一般的方法求解是不合理的。主要介绍了稀疏意义下的主元原位消去法的数据结构和计算过程 ,并给出了计算实例     

出行即服务：中国道路运输行业面临的新挑战

<正>"城市的迅猛发展带来日益严重的交通问题,路面拥堵不堪、居民出行难题、汽车引发空气污染等,而"出行及服务"概念的提出以及未来打造,为解决公众出行与城市管理难题带来参考价值。"什么是"出行即服务"出行即服务(Mobility as a Service)是最近几年来在全球交通运输领域逐渐流行起来的一个新概念(关于出行)、一种新现象(新的行为与     

公交支付方式及其效率调查分析

智能系统的广泛使用,带来了移动支付的普及。公交支付在传统IC卡和现金支付的基础上,加入了云闪付和二维码支付。为探究移动支付对公交支付效率的影响,基于杭州市公交发展现状,制定了公交支付情况的调查方案。通过对所选10、93、97公交线路的早、晚高峰和平峰的三天实地调查,采集视频数据并使用SPSS进行定量统计分析,发现公交乘客刷卡占62%、二维码占27%、云闪付占6%、现金占5%。当乘客提前做好准备时,刷卡支付时间为1.29 s,低于云闪付的1.42 s和二维码的1.65 s,而未准备好时用时分别为6.74 s、10.94 s、8.54 s。通过相关性和多元线性回归分析得出"提前拿卡"、"上车掏卡"、"提前开二维码"和"上车开二维码"四种支付方式对公交停留时间延长的影响最大。     

西气东输二线府河定向钻穿越设计与施工

西气东输二线长输管道定向钻穿越府河工程,采用了大口径、长距离、入土端含卵砂石条件下的水平定向钻技术。文中介绍输气管道在府河复杂地质条件下定向钻穿越的设计方法与施工方案,论述定向钻穿越设计、处理卵砂层方法、导向孔钻进、扩孔、回拖、泥浆配置等技术,总结工程设计及施工经验,为大口径长输管道定向钻穿越技术在复杂地层中的应用和发展提供新的实践资料。     

Social Impacts of Transport: Literature Review and the State of the Practice of Transport Appraisal in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom

Abstract

Transport appraisals in European countries increasingly address three dimensions of sustainability—economic, ecological and social. However, social impacts of transport have been underexposed in (ex‐ante) transport project appraisal, at least in the Netherlands. Firstly, this article presents a theoretical framework describing the relationships between determinants of social impacts of transport; it also provides a definition and categorization of those impacts. Secondly, the article reviews the state of the practice of national transport project appraisal in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The article shows that social impacts of transport investments can take on many forms and their levels of importance may vary widely, in project appraisal. The UK transport appraisal guidance includes a spectrum of social impacts through quantitative and qualitative assessments that is broader than the Dutch appraisal guidance. However, it does not cover the full range as identified in the literature. This holds, in particular, for the temporary impacts of transport investments, health impacts, social cohesion, the distribution and accumulation of impacts across population groups and social justice. All in all, it can be concluded that there is a long way to go before social impacts of transport projects are completely included in appraisals, in a way that allows us to compare them to economic and ecological effects.     

盾构机姿态参数的测量及计算方法研究

根据三点决定一个平面的原理,通过在盾构机中体上布置测量控制点,对其三维坐标进行测量;根据空间解析几何原理,推导出盾构机刀盘中心三维坐标以及俯仰角、横摆角、扭转角的计算方法.文章利用计算机的伪随机函数对盾构机姿态参数的测量精度进行了模拟评价,探讨了提高测量精度的方法.结果表明,盾构姿态参数的测量误差均服从正态分析;采用精度为3 mm的激光经纬仪测量控制点坐标,得到的盾构姿态参数的误差范围比规范要求小得多.     

Climate change and the contribution of transport: Basic facts and the role of aviation

There is a world-wide consensus that climate change policy has to be intensified to achieve reduction goals set for 2020 and 2050. But it is heavily debated which contribution should be expected from the transport sector. It is often argued that in the transportation sector CO₂ marginal mitigation costs are higher such that – together with high growth of transport activities – the reduction targets for this sector should be relaxed. Green transport policy is contrasting this view and underlines that considerable reductions of climate gases in the transport sector are possible without risking economic prosperity. The aviation industry is in the focus of this discussion and first attempts are being made in the European Union to integrate aviation in an emission trading system. It will be shown that the impact of this policy will be very low in the medium term and that additional measures are necessary to create enough incentives for the aviation industry to exploit their reduction potential.     

土压平衡盾构故障诊断及保养系统的研制与开发

文章以目前地铁建设中常用的土压平衡盾构为背景,介绍了盾构故障诊断及保养系统的总体结构方案、知识库知识的获取建立、推理机的设计及系统的主要工作流程等,旨在通过系统的研制与开发,提高盾构掘进机的施工效率.     

漏磁式智能检测在管道中的运用及管道腐蚀分析

天然气输送管道在生产运行中，在内部不可避免的受到输送介质的腐蚀，在外部由于施工建设质量、绝缘层的缺陷、阴极保护不足等诸多因素的影响，同样存在腐蚀，并且随生产年限延长而逐年加重，安全隐患增大。因此，对管道内外腐蚀检测是监测、评价管道的重要项目之一。西南油气田分公司在国内首次引进国外漏磁式智能检测技术。文章分析了该项技术的检测参数、置信度、经济效果评价和存在的缺陷，论述了管道内、外腐蚀的原因，提出了减缓腐蚀的各项建议。     

Problems of the carless in the United Kingdom and the United States

An examination of current population statistics shows that in the U.S. more than half of the population is without immediate access to a car, and in the U.K. more than three-fifths of the population is without access to a car. This phenomenon has been accentuated by national investment in both countries in major highway programs. The term carless refers to more than just households that own no cars. It extends, in households with cars to those without licenses (old and young), the handicapped, and even the licensed drivers who have no access to the family car when it is in use elsewhere (e.g. at work). The most severely effected are those in urban areas and especially the urban poor. Transportation expenses are limited for the poor when other family expenditures (food, shelter) take a high priority. Once the work trip has been satisfied, money for other trips, for the poor, is not always available. One solution to cost-free travel is pedestrianism (walking), but this too is difficult in urban areas where the pedestrian has been overlooked in favor of the car. Solutions to problems of the carless include dial-a-ride, better public transit, and better design of urban form.