我国现代有轨电车现状与发展趋势调研报告

当前,我国已有部分城市的有轨电车项目投入运营。基于调研,围绕我国有轨电车的规划与建设、车辆与供电、智能交通、运营安全管理、交通管理政策法规、检测与验收等方面,总结了国内有轨电车行业的发展现状,分析了有轨电车在我国的功能定位和发展启示。最后,提出了我国有轨电车发展面临的问题、趋势和建议。     

信息速递

有轨电车成了“香饽饽” 目前，上海、沈阳的现代有轨电车已经开通，苏州、南京、深圳、武汉、长春、大连等城市即将开通，更多的线路则在规划中。在车辆技术、运营模式和政策约束上取得突破后，现代有轨电车得到了社会与行业的青睐。在诸多公共交通方式中，有轨电车有其独特优势：与公交车相比，有轨电车速度快，运量大；与地铁相比，有轨电车的工程建设周期短，每公里造价低。     

美国波特兰市有轨电车发展经验及启示

本文对美国波特兰有轨电车发展经验进行了系统分析总结,为国内城市规划建设有轨电车提供了一些启示,包括有轨电车在城市交通系统中的功能定位,以及其与城市发展规划的关系、建设运营过程中的人性化设计等方面。     

重庆主城区现代有轨电车线网规划研究

现代有轨电车作为公共交通的重要组成部分,相比轨道交通、地面公交等方式更具特色。近年来,随着交通拥堵问题的日益严重,现代有轨电车在国内外诸多城市发展并取得了良好效果。通过分析现代有轨电车的国内外发展历程,总结有轨电车的技术特点,结合重庆的交通发展需求,提出线网布局和规划控制的相关建议。     

现代有轨电车信号优先协调控制实践

为保证有轨电车在道路交叉口优先通行,提出被动和主动2种组合方式的信号优先控制系统。将有轨电车沿线分为几个子区间,分别进行信号优先控制,选择相应优先控制策略给予有轨电车尽可能优先通行。上海松江有轨电车T2线选用子区间的信号优先控制系统,将有效提升有轨电车在交叉口优先通行率,最大限度减少对周边道路交通的影响。     

旅游城市发展有轨电车系统的适应性分析

本文分析旅游城市与众不同的交通需求特征,以及有轨电车与地铁、轻轨、BRT等其他大容量公交系统之间的主要差异,提炼出了旅游城市与有轨电车系统之间的关键契合要素,总结了旅游城市发展有轨电车系统的4个方面的适应性。     

关于现代有轨电车系统制式选择探讨

近年来现代有轨电车发展迅速,本文通过分析现代有轨电车主要系统制式的特点及适用性,对比不同技术制式的应用现状,为现代有轨电车项目制式的选择提供参考。     

城市有轨电车线路桥梁段设计探讨

有轨电车线路与沿线桥梁的关系十分密切,线路设计时既要满足有轨电车的技术要求,又要具有市政桥梁的特点。结合广州海珠新型有轨电车试验段工程,从线路与桥梁之间景观协调、既有桥梁改造及与周边物业开发相结合等方面,论述和分析了试验段桥梁设计方案,提出了系统解决有轨电车线路与桥梁配合的相关建议。     

有轨电车车辆段总平面设计分析

在城市有轨电车车辆段工程设计中,需要集约使用稀缺的城市土地资源,确保车辆段发挥车辆集散、保养的作用。介绍了上海松江现代有轨电车示范线工程辰塔路车辆段平面设计,分析了不同设计方案的优缺点,可为现代有轨电车车辆段设计提供参考。     

现代有轨电车在河南城市交通结构中的适用性研究

本文研究分析了现代有轨电车复兴史及相关原因,提出了基于财政收入、生产总值、城区人口、旅游收入占比等评价指标的现代有轨电车城市适用性评估模型。     

A new approach to evaluating on-road public transport priority projects: balancing the demand for limited road-space

Despite widespread growth in on-road public transport priority schemes, road management authorities have few tools to evaluate the impacts of these schemes on all road users. This paper describes a methodology developed in Melbourne, Australia to assist the road management authority, VicRoads, evaluate trade-offs in the use of its limited road-space for new bus and tram priority projects. The approach employs traffic micro-simulation modelling to assess road-space re-allocation impacts, travel behaviour modelling to assess changes in travel patterns and a social cost benefit framework to evaluate impacts. The evaluation considers a comprehensive range of impacts including the environmental benefits of improved public transport services. Impacts on public transport reliability improvements are also considered. Although improved bus and tram reliability is a major rationale for traffic priority its use in previous evaluations is rare. The paper critiques previous approaches, describes the proposed method and explores some of the results found in its application. A major finding is that despite a more comprehensive approach to measuring the benefits of bus and tram priority, road-space reallocation is difficult to economically justify in road networks where public transport usage is low and car usage high. Strategies involving the balanced deployment of bus and tram priority measures where the allocation of time and space to PT minimises negative traffic impacts is shown to improve the overall management of road-space. A discussion of the approach is also provided including suggestions for further methodology development.

Joint optimization of tram timetables and signal timing adjustments at intersections

This paper explores at the planning level the benefits of coordinating tram movements and signal timings at controlled intersections. Although trams may have dedicated travel lanes, they mostly operate in a mixed traffic environment at intersections. To ensure tram progression, pre-set signal timings at intersections are adjusted by activating Transit Signal Priority (TSP) actions, which inevitably add delays to the auto traffic. A mixed integer program is proposed for jointly determining tram schedules for a single tram line and modifying signal timings at major controlled intersections. The objective is to minimize the weighted sum of the total tram travel time and TSP’s negative impacts on other traffic. A real-world case study of Line 5 of the Shenyang Hunnan Modern Tramway shows that by extending the dwell time or link travel time we can significantly reduce the TSP’s negative impacts on the auto traffic while only slightly increasing tram travel times.     

基于复杂网络的兰州市公交网络分析

城市交通系统是一个动态的、自组织的、开放的复杂巨系统,交通拥挤等问题严重制约着城市有序、快速、高效地发展。文章基于复杂网络理论,以兰州市为例,运用Pajek软件和L空间法,构造了兰州市公交站点网络,并对公交网络的度、累积度和聚类系数进行了分析。结果表明,兰州市公交站点网络具有无标度特性。     

Behavioral monitoring of public transport users through a mobile communication system

There are various activities now taking place in ITS research and development in Japan. Advanced information and communication technologies have been applied to improve public transport systems, as well as automated highway systems. In the first part of this paper, we show three examples of public transport systems recently developed in ITS environment. These transport systems are operated in local cities and towns in Japan: the travel information system for tram users in Hiroshima, the demand responsive bus system in Nakamura and the co‐operative use of electric vehicle in Ebina. In the second part of the paper, we explain how we have monitored individual passenger on public transport using cellular phones for location positioning. Location positioning technology for mobile object is essential for the operation and management of ITS supported public transport systems. Furthermore, such accurate and detailed positioning data can be utilized for travel behaviour analysis in demand modeling. The mobile instrument and monitoring systems shown in this paper can be combined with any of the case studies of ITS application to public transport systems.     

Urban public transport in Europe: Technology diffusion and market organisation

Technological change and incremental technology, at various levels, are believed to have played an important role in the success of urban public transport in Europe. In this paper, a historical overview of the evolution of different transport modes across different European cities is presented. Our major concern is with the processes of diffusion of urban transport modes in European cities and, in particular, with the factors, mainly of an economic nature, that may explain their rates of adoption across Europe. Among these factors, special attention is given to the role played by the dimension and organisation of public transport markets in the rates of adoption of different public transport modes. The main conclusion of the paper is that the success of the introduction of a new transport mode appeared to be mainly related to its ability to provide cheaper and more reliable transport services compared with previous transport modes, and that, in the case of the electric tram, this was achieved by transforming of the structure of the market relating to this urban transport mode into monopolies.     

衡水市冬季公交免费乘坐政策实施效果评估

优先发展公共交通,倡导绿色出行方式,可以缓解交通拥堵,减少交通污染。河北省衡水市在国内率先实施了冬季公交免费乘坐政策,政策出台的初衷是为了改善衡水市空气质量,经综合评估后,该政策在提高公交乘客满意度、增强公共交通吸引力和缓解交通拥堵等方面取得了明显成效,为国内三、四线城市的公共交通优先发展提供了有益的经验借鉴。     

The Gini index of demand imbalances in public transport

Transportation - The paper studies a general bidirectional public transport line along which demand varies by line section. The length of line sections also varies, and therefore their contribution...     

Special issue: Importance of public transport

The transport demand in most major cities around the world can only be met with a high‐quality public transport system. The requirements on bus, rail, underground and tram systems are manifold with reliability and efficiency as the key factors. The service operating hours and the size of the network are often extended in order to serve the needs better. Further, most metropolitan areas are trying to provide more incentives for citizens to leave the car at home and use the local transit systems instead. The reasons are well known. Not only does a public transport system only make economical sense if it is well used, but most urban areas with a high car‐dependency face at least three major problems; safety, congestion, and pollution (noise and air pollution, land separation, etc.). It is generally recognised that to decrease car usage and to increase public transport usage a stick & carrot approach is needed. The London congestion‐charging scheme is an example since all revenues collected by the scheme are put into the improvement of bus and underground services.     

An overview of transport in Kuwait

Abstract

Kuwait is a relatively small country located at the top of the Arabian Gulf with population in 1980 amounting to 1.355 millions. Kuwait occupies an area of approximately 17 800 square kilometres. Kuwait's main source of national income is oil export. Income from oil export and other sources has resulted in Kuwait having the highest per capita income in the world. Consequently vehicle ownership is very high and traffic is ever growing and extending. Kuwait is self‐sufficient in only a few commodities and has a shortage of local labour. This means that transport has a fundamental role to play at the national and international level for the development of Kuwait's economy.

This paper provides a brief statement of transport in Kuwait. It starts by describing Kuwait's national setting and touches on the economic and social aspects in Kuwait that have an influence on transport patterns and needs. It describes the national transport system and covers road, air, rail and ports. Urban development planning in Kuwait is described and issues related to stages of urban development planning. The Kuwait City Master Plan and new town initiatives are presented. The urban transport system in Kuwait Metropolitan Area is described. In particular the characteristics of the urban road network and public transport facilities are outlined along with recent transport planning studies and new initiatives in the urban transport system.

The paper ends with a statement on organizations involved in the transport sector in Kuwait and a note on transport finance.